Group P3 Research Articles

The Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract on Collagen Total, Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGF) Levels

Treatment and rehabilitation of burns requires perseverance, high costs, trained and skilled personnel, therefore a breakthrough is needed to address this problem in an effective, safe and affordable way. One of the breakthrough alternatives is to use natural ingredients such as pomegranate peels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving pomegranate peel extract orally on levels of IL-6, VEGF and the amount of collagen of male Sprague Dawley rats that were given second degree burns. The design of this study was experimental with a post-test only control group design approach. The subjects of the study were 24 male Sprague Dawley rats which were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group K, P1, P2, and P3. Groups P1, P2, and P3 were given second degree burns and given pomegranate peel extract at doses of 54, 108, 162 mg/200 g BW. On the 3rd day an IL-6 examination was carried out at PSPG UGM and on the 7th day a termination was carried out and an examination was carried out for VEGF and the amount of collagen at the SSCR FK UNISSULA in January 2022. The One Way Anova test showed levels of IL-6, VEGF and the amount of collagen in between groups, there is a significant difference with each value of p=0.000, p=0.029 and p=0.000 (p<0.05). Administration of pomegranate peel extract at doses of 54, 108, 162 mg/200 g BW can reduce IL-6 levels, increase VEGF, and increase the amount of collagen of male Sprague Dawley rats that were given second degree burns.

POTENTIAL OF SEAWEED (Eucheuma cottonii) EXTRACT AS A HEPATOPROTECTOR IN RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus) INDUCED ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES

The use of organophosphate pesticides in developing countries is already widespread and can contaminate animal feed or human food ingredients which has an impact on liver damage and other organs. The use of seaweed containing polyphenols as a hepatoprotector for organophosphate poisoning has not been widely used by the public. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of seaweed extract as a hepatoprotector in organophosphate-induced rabbits as seen from serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels. This study used a complete randomized design with 20 male rabbits as experimental animals which were divided into 4 treatments with 5 repetitions, namely: P0 was the control group which was only given distilled water, P1 was the group given seaweed extract at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW, P2 is the group given seaweed extract at a dose of 400 mg/KgBB and P3 is the positive control group which is not given seaweed extract and distilled water. On the 15th day the P1, P2, and P3 groups were given profenofos pesticide at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW. The results showed a very significant difference (p-value = 0.02, α = 0.05) in SGOT levels between the P0 control group (135.4 ± 67.00 U/L) and the P1 treatment group (41.8 ± 17.45 U/L), P2 (25.8 ± 8.75 U/L), and the positive control group P3 (70 ± 29.04). The results of the study also found that there was no significant difference in SGPT levels in the P0 control group and the P1, P2, and P3 control groups. Giving seaweed extract with different doses provides a hepatoprotector effect by reducing the release of SGOT into the blood.

Occlusion of dentinal tubules on periodontally involved teeth by dentifrice containing stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride.

This study examined the occlusion effect of a dentifrice containing stannous fluoride (SnF2) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on periodontally involved teeth in comparison with healthy teeth using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in comparison with a dentifrice containing NaF alone. Sixty dentine samples obtained from single-rooted premolars, 15 of them extracted for orthodontic reasons (Group H) and 15 because of periodontal destruction (Group P), were included in the study. Each group of specimens was further divided into subgroups: HC and PC (control), H1 and P1 (treated with SnF2 and NaF), and H2 and P2 (treated with NaF). The samples were brushed twice a day for 7 days, kept in artificial saliva, and examined by SEM. The diameters of open tubules and the numbers of tubules were assessed at ×2,000 magnification. The H and P groups showed similar diameters of open tubules. The numbers of open tubules in Groups H1, P1, H2, and P2 were significantly lower than in Groups HC and PC (P < 0.001), and consistent with the percentages of occluded tubules. Group P1 had the highest percentage of occluded tubules. Although both dentifrices were found to successfully occlude dentinal tubules, the dentifrice containing SnF2 and NaF provided the highest degree of occlusion in periodontally involved teeth.

The Effect of Probiotic Biscuit on Faecal Microbiota in Malnourished Children

A human intervention study on the effect of 90 days supplementation of creamed biscuit with the potential of containing probiotic strain E. faecium IS-27526 at a dose of 108cfu/day on Bifidobacterium in the faecal microbiota of malnourished children under 5 years was conducted. The study was a Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial for children under five years old. There were 5 groups with 6 children each: P0 = control biscuit with control cream; P1 = fish and soy protein isolate biscuit with control cream; P2 = control biscuit with probiotic cream; P3 = fish and soy protein isolate biscuit with probiotic cream (every day) and P4 = fish and soy protein isolate biscuit with probiotic cream (every two days). PCR was used to detect Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus faecium in faeces samples. It was concluded after 90 days of supplementation, only 25% of children in the controlled group (P0) harboured Bifidobacterium. In treated groups P1 and P4, the percentage of children positive for Bifidobacterium was approximately 60%, while in groups P2 and P3 the prevalence was 100%. However, the increase of 10% was only demonstrated by P3 as 100% of Bifidobacterium content has been shown in group P2 at the pre-treatment condition. In the controlled group (P0), E. faecium could not be identified either pre or post-intervention, in contrast to the treated groups which showed an increase in some treatments with the highest of 66.7% (group P3). No adverse effect was observed during 90 days of supplementation to children. In conclusion, supplementation of fish and soy protein isolate biscuit and/or probiotic cream every day at a dose of 108cfu/day is considered safe for children under five years old and even increased the number of samples with the presence of bifidobacteria and E. faecium in the fecal microbiota.

Oral Administration of Moringa Leaf Ethanol Extract (Moringa Oleifera) for 14 Days Protects The Liver of Male White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) from Acute Damage Caused by High Doses of Paracetamol

Paracetamol is a widely utilized medication globally and is the primary cause of poisoning incidents in high-income countries. Paracetamol induces hepatotoxicity that is depending on the dosage when taken in excessive amounts. The Moringa oleifera (MO), belonging to the Moringaceae family, is one of the medicinal plants investigated for its potential in treating hepatotoxicity. The MO tree extracts have been documented to possess inhibitory effects, primarily against hepatitis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, owing to their bioactive components. An experimental laboratory enrolled using 36 samples of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were divided into six groups: standard control group (K), positive control group (K1) given paracetamol 3000mg/kg BW on 15th days; antioxidant control group (K2) given vitamin c 500mg/kg BW for 14 days; treatment group 1 (P1), treatment group 2 (P2) and treatment group 3 (P3) each given moringa oleifera leaves extract 200mg/kg BW, 400mg/kg BW and 800mg/kg BW for 14 days. Each group, except the standard control group, was given paracetamol 3000mg/Kg BW on the 15th day. On the 16th day, the mice were euthanized, and then their livers were made into histological preparations and examined using a microscope at 40 times magnification. The level of liver cellular damage was categorized into scoring based on the level of damage. Score 1 if no damage, score 2 if parenchymatous degeneration was found, score 3 if hydropic degeneration was found, and score 4 if necrosis was found. The average scoring per group was calculated as K: 1.1; K1: 3.17; K2: 1.57; P1: 1.5; P2: 1.73; P3: 1.9. K1 appeared necrotic. Inflammation and hydropic degeneration were found in K2, P1, P2, and P3. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test, obtained p = 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05). Moringa leaf ethanol extract affected hepatic induction by paracetamol because significant differences were found between groups P1, P2, and P3 with K1 (p &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups K2 and P1 (p &gt; 0.05), showing that the effect of giving 500mg/kg BW vitamin C was equivalent to providing 200mg/kg BW Moringa leaves. It was concluded that giving ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves protected the acute histopathological damage of the liver of male white rats of the Sprague Dawley strain induced by paracetamol.

The Effect of Avocado Drink (Persea Americana Mill) on the Incidence of Ballooning Hepatocyte in the Liver Organs of Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Induced by Hypercholesterolemia

BackgroundHypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) which is characterized by the formation of ballooning hepatocytes. Avocados are one of the fruits that are easily available and contain high antioxidants and various active compounds. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of avocado drink on the incidence of ballooning hepatocyte in the liver of rats induced by hypercholesterolemia. MethodThis study used post test only with a control group design. The study used biological materials stored in rat liver organs which were divided into 5 groups (K1, K2, P1, P2, P3). Four groups (K1, P1, P2, P3) were induced by hypercholesterol diet with 5 ml/day quail egg yolk for 30 days, while the K2 group was given only BR-II rat feed. Groups P1, P2, P3 were given avocado drink as much as 2,3,4 ml/day for 30 days and then the rats were terminated to take their organs. Liver organs were stored in 10% formalin and made histopathological preparations stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). Data analysis used the One-Way ANOVA test. ResultsBased on the One-Way ANOVA test, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) on the number of ballooning hepatocytes with a value of p=0.000. ConclusionThe effect of avocado drink (Persea americana Mill) had a significant effect on the incidence of ballooning hepatocyte in the liver organs of rats induced by hypercholesterol diet. Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, avocado drink, ballooning hepatocyte

The Effect of Edamame milk on Triglyceride Levels in Diabetes Wistar Rats

Type 2 diabetes is a hyperglycemic disease caused by cell insensitivity due to increasing blood glucose levels due to reduced insulin secretion. Hyperglycemia conditions have the risk to increase triglyceride levels in type 2 diabetes. Edamame milk contained isoflavones that had potential to reduce triglyceride level. To find out the effect of given edamame milk on triglyceride levels in type 2 diabetes wistar rats. A true experimental with pre-post randomized control group design towards 24 type 2 diabetes wistar rats in 4 groups. Groups K(+), P1 and P2 were induced Streptozotocin 45 mg/kgBW and Nicotinamide 110 mg/kgBW. P1 and P2 groups were given edamame milk at a dose of 1,8 ml/200grBW and 3,6 ml/200grBW for 28 days. Blood samples were taken through a retro-orbitalis plexus. Triglyceride levels were tested pre and post intervention using the GPO-PAP method. Data analysis had used Paired T test and One Way ANOVA test with Post hoc follow-up test. Triglyceride levels in P1 and P2 groups had significant differences (p&lt;0,05) against the control groups. Edamame milk could reduce triglyceride levels of groups P1 and P2 at dose 1,8 ml/200grBW and 3,6 ml/200grBW. P2 was the highest group reduced in triglyceride levels up to 29,41±3,55 mg/dL. Edamame milk could reduced triglycerides levels in 28 days. Given an edamame milk at a dose 3,6 ml/200grBW more efficient to reduce triglyceride levels in type 2 diabestes rats significantly

Effect of Introducing Thallium in Microporous Vanado-molybdate with Orthorhombic or Trigonal Structures and Catalytic Properties

Thallium-containing mixed vanadium and molybdenum oxides have been synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The pH, the nature of the metal precursors, and the use of a structuring agent were shown to be key parameters of the synthesis; depending upon these parameters, trigonal (Tri) or orthorhombic (M1) structures were obtained. Both structures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM, respectively). The orthorhombic phase has lattice parameters of a = 2.108 nm, b = 2.656 nm, c = 0.3997 nm and space group Pba2, and the trigonal phase, lattice parameters of a = 2.143 nm, c = 0.4004 nm and space group P3. In the orthorhombic phase, both hexagonal and heptagonal channels are partially but consistently occupied by thallium cations. The trigonal phase also exhibited both hexagonal and heptagonal channels; hexagonal channels were occupied by thallium cations, whereas the heptagonal channels appeared almost empty. The catalytic properties of the solids have been studied for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and the oxidation of propene to acrylic acid. The orthorhombic phase was inactive; the trigonal phase, while not very active, had a high selectivity to ethylene. Although the occupancy rate of the heptagonal sites is probably low in the later phase, it strongly attenuates its activity.

Structures of Three Alkaline-Earth Metal Germanides Refined from Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Data

The calcium- and strontium- alumo-germanides SrxCa1–xAl2Ge2 (x ≈ 0.4) and SrAl2Ge2 have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Additionally, a binary calcium germanide CaGe has also been identified as a byproduct. All three crystal structures have been established from single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods and refined with high accuracy and precision. The binary CaGe crystallizes with a CrB-type structure in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (no. 63; Z = 4; Pearson symbol oC8), where the germanium atoms are interconnected into infinite zigzag chains, formally [Ge]2−. The calcium atoms are arranged in monocapped trigonal prisms, centered by Ge atoms. SrxCa1−xAl2Ge2 (x ≈ 0.4) and SrAl2Ge2 have been confirmed to crystallize with a CaAl2Si2-type structure in the trigonal space group P3¯m1 (no. 164; Z = 1; Pearson symbol hP5), where the germanium and aluminum atoms form puckered double-layers, formally [Al2Ge2]2−. The calcium atoms are located between the layers and reside inside distorted octahedra of Ge atoms. All presented structures have a valence electron count satisfying the octet rules (e.g., Ca2+Ge2− and Ca2+[Al2Ge2]2−) and can be regarded as Zintl phases.

Electron diffraction study and ionic conductivity of fluorite Ba1-xLaxF2+x and tysonite La1-yBayF3-y phases in the BaF2-LaF3 system

Crystals of fluorite phases with the CaF2 structure: Ba1−xLaxF2+x (x = 0, 0.05, 0.105, 0.25, 0.35, 0.40) and those of tysonite ones with the LaF3 structure: La1−yBayF3−y (y = 0, 0.05, 0.09) have been studied by electron diffraction and elemental analysis in a transmission electron microscope. Diffraction patterns of Ba1−xLaxF2+x crystals with x = 0.105, 0.25 exhibit diffuse scattering, which indicates the presence of clusters of structural defects. Blurred supercell reflections are seen in diffraction patterns of Ba1−xLaxF2+x crystals with a high lanthanum content (x = 0.35, 0.40) in addition to diffuse scattering. They indicate the existence of nanoscale ordered crystallites as well as clusters. It was found that LaF3 and the tysonite phase La1−yBayF3−y with a low barium content (y = 0.05) is of a low-temperature l-form (space group P3¯c1, Z = 6). A small fraction of tysonite crystallites in La1-yBayF3-y crystals with y = 0.09 is of a high-temperature h-form (space group P63/mmc, Z = 2). An intermediate crystal structure between l- and h-forms was also found.The maximum ionic conductivity σdc of tysonite crystals La1−yBayF3−y at 293 K is 800 times higher than that of fluorite ones Ba1−xLaxF2+x. A correlation was found between logarithm of conductivity and composition: lg σdc(x) = ax + b for fluorite Ba1−xLaxF2+x and tysonite La1−yBayF3−y crystals. The reason for the additive law of change in ionic conductivity in both types of nonstoichiometric phases in the BaF2-LaF3 system is apparently the similarity of defect structures of fluorite and tysonite phases.

Effect of Garlic Extract on Liver Histopathology of BALB/c Mice with Nicotine Exposure

Nicotine affects liver in the presence of free radicals. One of the antioxidants is allicin which is the most abundant organosulfur in garlic. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of garlic extract as an antioxidant on the liver histopathological features of BALB/c mice exposed to nicotine. This is an experimental study with with post-test only control group design. The research subject were 24 male BALB/c mice. The K- group was the healthy control. The K+ group was exposed to inhaled nicotine of 10 mg/kgBW. Groups P1 and P2 were exposed to 10 mg/kgBW inhaled nicotine and were given garlic extract 300 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW. Treatment was given for 14 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and considered significant if the p value 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Liver degeneration was grouped into normal, parenchymatous degeneration, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis. The results in the following groups: K: 80%, 20%, 0%, 0%; K(-) :0%,0%,87%,13% ; P1 : 0%,60%,40%,0%; P2 : 0%,100%,0%,0%. There was a significant difference in the degree of degeneration between groups (p=0.001). Garlic extract can reduce the degree of microscopic damage to the liver of BALB/c mice exposed to nicotine inhalation.

High-Throughput Inverse Design for 2D Ferroelectric Rashba Semiconductors.

A long-standing goal in spintronics is electric control of spin. Herein, we perform an inverse design to search for 2D ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors, whose spin texture can be precisely and readily reversed by switching ferroelectric polarization via the electric field. The inverse design involves defining and utilizing the design principles of the Rashba effect and ferroelectricity. After screening materials from a database based on the enabling design principles, we identify three potential types of structure that simultaneously possess the Rashba effect and ferroelectricity, including A2P2X6 type (space group P31m), ABP2X6 type (space group P3), and AB type (space group P3m1). By performing high-throughput density functional theory calculations of three types of structure and material screening by the optimizing design principles, we find that 14 AB monolayers are promising 2D ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors due to their pure Rashba effect in the conduction band minimum, thinnest 2D Rashba structure, and surmountable energy barriers for ferroelectric polarization. The electrically reversible spin texture makes ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors promising candidates for next-generation spintronics in the future.

Renal histopathology after mixed liquor consumption in Wistar rat

In Indonesia illegal traditional liquor mostly contain ethanol and methanol some of illegal liquor Indonesia called cukrik (mixed liquor), Misuse of mixed liquor can lead to intoxication and may lead to death. Several studies have shown its effect on kidney damage. This study is to analyzing the effect of mixed liquor (ethanol and methanol) on the histopathological damage of male Wistar rat kidney. This was experimental laboratories using a post-test only control group design. We are using 28 wistar rats that were divided into four groups, each group consisting of 7 rats. Group control (C) was given 4 mL of distilled water; groups P1, P2, and P3 were given 1ml, 2 ml, and 4 ml cukrik in orally for 14 days. Mixed alcohol contains 4% methanol and 20% ethanol. Examination of histopathological features was carried out by identifying glomerular cells, tubular cells, and interstitial with HE (Hematoxylin and Eosin) stainning using EGTI (Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, and Interstitial) scoring. Data were analyze using kruskal wallis and Mann whitney test. With confidence level p&lt;0,01. glomerular and tubular examination there were significant differences with p&lt;0,01, in interstitial examination there was no significant damage found on the instrestitial with p&lt;0,01. Consumption of cukrik produced glomerular and tubular damage on the histopathological image of male Wistar rats' kidneys, but there was no visible damage to the interstitials cell. With higher consumption of mixed liquor will make tubular and glomerular damage heavier.

Antihyperuricemia Activity of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) Fruits Ethanol Extract to Male Mice (Mus musculus L.)

Hyperuricemia is a disease caused by an increase in uric acid levels in the blood over the normal level. Increased uric acid levels happen because the levels of purines in the body are quite high, so that the breakdown of purines into uric acid increases. This study used dried vanilla fruit extract using 60% ethanol solvent. The test animals used were 24 mice which were divided into 6 groups namely group Kn (standard feed), group K- (induced with suspension of chicken liver), group K + (induced by suspension of chicken liver and given allopurinol 10 mg / kgBB), group treatments P1, P2, and P3 were induced by suspension of chicken liver and vanilla fruit extract with doses of 50 mg / kgBB, 100 mg / kgBB, and 200 mg / kgBB respectively. Statistical data analysis using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) through the SPSS 15.0 program with a level of α = 5% and continued with Duncan test at the level of α = 5%. The results of this study showed that vanilla fruit extract treatment P1, P2, and P3 had potential activity of antihyperuricemia, because it can reduce blood uric acid levels in mice induced by the chicken liver. The antihyperuricemia activity of vanilla fruit extract is comparable to the standard allopurinol chemical drug in reducing blood uric acid levels in mice statistically.

Effect of secretome of adipose stem cell (ASC) in photoaging skin

Introduction: UV light is the principal cause of photoaging, a kind of aging. The problem arises because it is less enjoyable. Utilizing the secretome of adipose stem cells (ASC), which is rich in growth factors, could be a novel anti-photoaging therapy. The secretome of ASCs has been extensively examined for their role in wound healing, but their function in photoaging has just lately been investigated. This study looked at changes in epidermal and dermal thickness, expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1, as well as dermal collagen density to assess the influence of the secretome of ASC in photoaging treatment. Methods: 28 male Wistar rats, 10-12 weeks old, were randomly assigned to one week of acclimation in each of four groups: UV-irradiated group with topical secretome of ASC (Group P1); UV-irradiated group with topical vehicle only (Group P2); only topical secretome of ASC, non-UV-irradiated (Group P3); and non-UV-irradiated and no topical treatment (Group P4) (Group P0). Prior to treating the rats, the UV exposure was administered for six weeks. Then, for a period of four weeks, the secretome ASC was administered as a treatment. Results: The epidermal and dermal thickness were significantly improved after four weeks treatment compared to UV irradiated with topical vehicle only group (p&lt;0.05). The expression of TIMP-1 and dermal collagen density were significantly increased (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Secretome of ASC may be a solution for photoaging skin.

Effects of Lime (Citrus aur ects of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) P antifolia Swingle) Peel Extr eel Extract Addition act Addition to Periodontal Dressing on the Number of Blood Vessels in the Gingival Wound Healing Process

Background: Periodontal dressings that are currently available can only protect wounds from mechanical trauma, but have no ability to accelerate wound healing. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract added to periodontal dressing contains flavonoids which can stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, thus accelerating the healing process. Objective: To determine the effects of adding lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract to periodontal dressing on the number of blood vessels in the gingival wound healing process. Methods: 32 rabbits with 2 mm wound made on the gingiva were divided into 8 groups. For the control groups of K1(n=4) and K2(n=4) periodontal dressings were applied without the addition of lime peel extract. Meanwhile, the treatment groups P1(n=4) and P4(n=4), P2 (n=4) and P5(n=4), and P3(n=4) and P6(n=4), 5%, 10%, and 15% lime peel extract, respectively, were added to the periodontal dressing. Groups K1, P1, P2, and P3 were scarified after 3 days, whereas groups K2, P4, P5, and P6 were scarified after 5 days. Histological observations of tissue by Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining were carried out to count the number of blood vessels. Result: The results of the statistical tests show that group P5 had the highest number of new blood vessels. Conclusion: The addition of lime peel extract to periodontal dressing can increase the number of blood vessels in the gingival wound healing process.

Preventive Effects of Vitamin C on Cataracts: In Vivo Study

Background: A cataract is a disease caused by various factors, one of which is the aging process. With increasing age, the formation of free radicals will cause pathological reactions in the lens and other toxic compounds, resulting in oxidative reactions. Administration of vitamin C injection as an antioxidant can reduce the reactivity of free radicals caused by oxidative reactions in cataract lenses induced by sodium selenite. This study aims to determine the preventive effect of vitamin C administration on selenite-induced cataracts based on the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.&#x0D; Methods: The experimental study used 30 rats which were then divided into 5 treatment groups (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). Lenses were extracted for the measurement of malondialdehyde. The value of MDA levels was then analyzed using the One-way ANOVA statistical test.&#x0D; Results: Statistically, there was no significant difference in MDA levels in each treatment group. Analysis of the difference in mean MDA between the 2 groups showed that the average MDA levels of mice in groups P4 and P5 were relatively lower than P2 and P3, but higher than P1.&#x0D; Conclusion: Giving vitamin C was able to reduce MDA levels (a marker of oxidative stress) better than the group that did not receive vitamin C, but not statistically different.

Effect of Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Extract on Malondialdehyde Serum of Wistar Rats Induced by Streptozotocin

Bajakah extract has antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds including phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. These compounds delay glucose absorption, bind free radicals, and stabilize hydroxides that can suppress oxidative stress conditions. The aim of this study is determined the effect of bajakah extract on serum malondialdehyde in wistar rats induced by streptozotocin. This research is an experimental study using a randomized post-test only control group design. The research sample was 25 male wistar rats ages 2-3 months, grouped into two control groups (K) which were given standard feed (K1) and those given standard feed and induced by streptozotocin (K2) and three treatment groups (P) with bajakah extract intervention as much as 50mg/kgBB (P1), 100mg/kgBB (P2), and 150mg/kgBB (P3). Statistical test using Manova test and Tukey HSD post hoc test. The antioxidant content of the pirated extract is 4.64% phenol, 2.48% flavonoid, 1.06% saponin, and 0.028% tannin. After being given the intervention of bajakah extract for 14 days, the mean serum malondialdehyde levels in groups P1 (2.43±0.33 nmol/L), P2 (1.98±0.50 nmol/L), and P3 (1.79±0.29 nmol/L) were control groups K1 (1.25±0.09 nmol/L) and K2 (3.87±0.70 nmol/L). Based on statistical tests, there were differences in serum malondialdehyde between the control and treatment groups after being given the pirated extract for 2 weeks (p&lt;0.05). The conclusion was obtained that the provision of bajakah extract had antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, was able to reduce serum malondialdehyde in wistar rats with hyperglycemia.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EXSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A Chev) PADA UDEMA KAKI TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN

Rhizome of red andong (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev) is a medicinal plant that contains saponins known to be anti-inflammatory. The research aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the rhizome ethanol extract of red andong. Phytochemical analysis was done qualitatively by using phytochemical reagents. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using 25 Sprague Dawley male rats which had been divided into five groups: negative control (P1), positive control (P2), and group P3, P4, and P5 given extract at doses of 125; 250; and 500 mg/kgBW, respectively. A phytochemical study revealed that the rhizome ethanol extract consisted of alkaloids, steroids, phenolic, flavonoids and saponins compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity test showed that the administration of the extract at a dose of 125 mg/kgBW resulted in an inflammatory inhibition of using 65,876%, on the other hand, a dose of 250 mg/kgBW could inhibit inflammation by 59,994%, and a dose of 500 mg/kgBW had the inflammatory inhibition of 3,908% for 360 minutes of observation. The results of the probit analysis gave an ED50 value of 158,48 mg/kgBW.&#x0D; Keywords: anti-inflammatory activity, extract, rhizome, red andong.

Effect of Pravastatin on eNOS and PECAM-1 Expression in the Placenta of Pre-Eclampsia Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Model

Introduction: Preeclampsia has two stages: improper placental and maternal circulation. Abnormal trophoblast invasion causes uteroplacental ischemia and hypoxia. Ischemia in the placenta produces endothelial cell dysfunction, which is defined by a change in endothelial cell activity to a reduced ability to vasodilate (decreased eNOS) and prothrombotic conditions (decreased PECAM-1). Reduced maternal eNOS activity and PECAM-1 can cause preeclampsia. Pravastatin is the statin class's most hydrophilic medication, and it limits placental transfer. Pravastatin can reduce endothelial dysfunction by targeting pleiotropic effects in pregnancy. The aim was to show the effects of pravastatin on the eNOS and PECAM-1 expression in the placenta of preeclampsia rat model.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This is a true experimental study with only a post-test and a control group design. The sample was biological material in the form of placental tissue from a pravastatin-treated preeclampsia rat model (using L-NAME exposure). This research was divided into five groups, each with five samples. The parameters studied were eNOS and PECAM-1 expression.&#x0D; Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test result was significant (p&gt;0.05). Annova tests on eNOS (p=0.000) and PECAM-1 expression (p=0.000) confirmed the hypothesis. The Tukey test showed significant differences in eNOS (sig. 0.001) and PECAM-1 (sig. 0.000) expression between normal and preeclampsia rats. Positive controls and treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 all showed significant changes in eNOS and PECAM-1 expression. Pravastatin dose considerably increased eNOS (p=0.015; r=0.536) and PECAM-1 (p=0.000; r=0.734) expression..&#x0D; Conclusion: Pravastatin has been shown to increase eNOS and PECAM-1 expression in the placenta of preeclampsia rat model.