Graduates Of Technical Universities Research Articles

Do the young employees perceive themselves as digitally competent and does it matter?

PurposeThe study aims to examine the digital competence of young employees (under 30 years of age) who graduated from the technical university. Self-assessment of selected digital competencies was examined along with the determination of a self-efficacy level in the area of using digital competencies.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research was conducted using the computer-assisted web interview method on a sample of 4532 respondents.FindingsYoung employees' self-assessment of digital competencies and self-efficacy in the area of using them is high, and it can be assumed that they perceive themselves as digitally competent. Both digital self-efficacy and assessed digital competencies have a positive impact on satisfaction with the university.Research limitations/implicationsThe research sample consisted only of employees who graduated from the technical university, but the results may provide feedback on the demand for digital competencies sought in the labor market and constitute valuable information useful in university curriculum development and in vocational education and training.Originality/valueThis is the first study that focuses on the Kozanoglu and Abedin approach to the concept of digital literacy in the context of research on self-assessment and self-efficacy in using digital competencies among technical university graduates, adapting the creative self-efficacy scale by Tierney and Farmer, for measuring digital self-efficacy.Highlights/value Young employees' digital competencies self-assessment is high.Young employees' self-efficacy of using digital competencies is high.Graduating from a DT-focused department has a positive impact on satisfaction.Digital self-efficacy has a positive impact on satisfaction with the university.Assessed digital competencies have a positive impact on satisfaction.

The attitude of students of a technical university to foreign languages in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods of study

Introduction. The study of the problem of teaching students of technical universities a foreign language before and during the pandemic is relevant due to the fact that higher education is looking for ways to improve the process of education for young people, in particular, to consider the problem of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university. The purpose of the study is to analyze the behavioral strategies of students of a regional university in the prepandemic and pandemic periods, focused on the formation of competencies and ensuring the achievement of the planned results of mastering the educational program when studying the discipline Foreign Language at a technical university. Materials and methods. The research material was the data of an anonymous sociological survey of 100 students of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Research methods: search, descriptive, comparative, method of analysis based on a sociological survey, method of graphical presentation of data, Pearson's chi-square statistical method, as well as the method of systematization and generalization. Results. A comparative analysis of the results of teaching a foreign language to students of technical universities before and during the pandemic showed that the pandemic and, against its background, the accelerated development of digitalization, as well as the introduction of online platforms to ensure continuous higher education for students of Russian universities, in general, contributed to an increase in motivation to learn a foreign language and had a significant impact on a number of studied indicators related to the level of language proficiency and the structure of the educational process. Statistical differences were assessed using Pearson's χ² goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of α=0.05, taking into account the number of degrees of freedom k. For individual indicators, a significant excess of the critical values of χ² was found, which indicates statistically significant differences between the studied indicators in the pandemic period of education from the indicators of the base period. Conclusion. Nowadays, learning a foreign language plays an important role in obtaining a prestigious job for graduates of technical universities, so the lockdown period was a serious test for both students and university teachers. However, innovative solutions using technology can help overcome gaps in foreign language education for engineering students

100 ЗАДАЧ КАК НЕОБХОДИМЫЙ БАЗИС ПОДГОТОВКИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТА

More than 30 years ago, Academician V.I. Arnold proposed to evaluate the knowledge of graduates of physics and mathematics departments of universities, checking their ability to solve a set of basic tasks that should be regularly updated. Despite the attractiveness and a number of advantages, the proposed idea has not yet found wide application in practice. The question of the expediency of using such an approach to assess the level of mathematical knowledge among graduates of technical universities is discussed.

PREPARING TO ORGANIZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK USING PROFESSION-ORIENTED BLOGGING

Modern approaches to the organization of students’ independent work based on the use of information and communication technologies are both a promising opportunity and a challenge for education due to its ongoing digitalization. This paper attempts to describe an algorithm for the preparation to such an independent work based on students’ profession-oriented blogging in a foreign language. This algorithm can be replicated by any foreign language teacher interested in developing the professional foreign language competence of future technical university graduates and implies a number of procedures. Starting from the analysis of regulatory documentation and determining the objectives and methods of students’ independent work, it is then suggested to form an expert group for further evaluation of this independent work’s results, the structure, content and levels of the competences to be developed, to organize a pedagogical assessment of the criteria to evaluate these results, as well as to prepare the information content and think through the technical support. The results of experimental work enable us to speak of high effectiveness of the given algorithm, as it implies the focus on professional orientation of students’ independent work which most foreign language teachers find challenging.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОБЩЕКУЛЬТУРНЫХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ В ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ УНИВЕРСИТЕТАХ: ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ДИСКУССИЙ

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of education related to the quality of training of specialists of higher professional school. Attention is focused on the issues of the quality of training of a new generation of graduates of technical universities, which should have not only a high level of special professional skills, but also an equally high degree of universal cultural competencies that contribute to successful adaptation in social reality. The need for the formation of a new image of a professional engineer as a highly cultured and creative person with high social and civic responsibility is actualized. The interrelation of the degree of development of universal cultural competencies and mastery of professional and technical skills to improve the level of engineering training is revealed.

The PREPARATION OF TEACHERS OF HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION TO ACTIVITIES IN CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES

The modern requirements of society, industry and government to technical university graduates define the direction of new studies at technical education. The task for modern university is seen at preparation of innovative specialists of technical education, that are able to work in conditions of unknown future, technical risks, and dangers; to construct technologies of high order with consideration of humanly accepted values and ethical norms. The success to achieve this task is provided by the preparation of teachers of technical education to organize innovational educational program, that faces requirements of society of new innovational tenor; to form professional-oriented education environment for future engineers and to organize different forms of interaction (remote, mixed, tutor-based and etc.); to master competencies of new type (scientifical-research based, managerial, entrepreneurial). The aim of the article is to find the degree of readiness of teachers to organize own activity and activity for students in conditions of innovative changes. The scientific novelty of research is based on enriching ideas of activity-based approach with knowledge on specific features of higher technical education teacher activity, that work with students of engineering majors; professional psychological-pedagogical, methodical, didactical tasks that they solve in organizing the educational process. The practical importance is seen at the opportunity to use the resource for conducting further research, studying difficulties of higher technical education teachers, development of scientific materials for listeners of increasing qualification courses.

METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF TEACHING HIGHER AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS OF STUDENTS OF ELECTROMECHANICAL DIRECTION

The article considers the main problems characteristic of mathematical education in higher technical institutions. The purposes and tasks of training of higher and applied mathematics of students of technical specialties, and also separate features of training of students of an electromechanical direction to mathematical disciplines are covered.
 Achieving the current goal of modernization of mathematics education in technical universities is associated with the solution of a number of pedagogical issues. The problem is the systematic and comprehensive reform of mathematics education in accordance with current trends in both production and education. The content of mathematical education needs to be changed, in particular: curricula and study programs, the level of educational material, methods, teaching technologies, procedures for diagnosing the quality of teaching. Curricula of specialties should contain mathematical disciplines, which include special mathematical sections that allow to provide quality training of professionally oriented disciplines and allow to form mathematical competence as part of the professional competence of the future professional. The solution of the problem of formation of mathematical competence as a part of professional competence of graduates of technical universities becomes actual. This necessitates the strengthening of the professional orientation of the content of teaching mathematics, the intensification of the activity approach in learning technologies, the importance of the formation of appropriate value orientations of students. Actualization of students' activities strengthens the role of such educational technologies as multilevel learning, independent work of students, computer technology, project activities. Thus, additional mechanisms are created for the systematic acquisition of knowledge and skills by students, for the systematic control of the formation of mathematical competencies, for a differentiated approach to learning.
 To improve the quality of mathematical education of students of technical universities it is necessary to pay attention to the construction of mathematical models of real production problems and methods of their solution. The use of mathematical modeling methods leads to the need for a deeper study of the relevant sections of mathematics. This approach changes the structure of training, gives the opportunity to use more independently the independent work of students. At the same time, students' knowledge will be deeper and stronger.

Competitive personalities of students - future engineers of the oil and gas industry

The goal of students' professional training in the oil and gas field is to form a competitive, highly qualified graduate. This article describes the criteria and requirements necessary for the formation of a competitive specialist in the oil and gas industry, namely, a future engineer, and emerging issues and problems faced by both university teachers and students. This work was carried out based on the analysis of scientific literature, which described the research of scientists on the competitiveness of graduates of technical universities in current conditions, as well as on the analysis of the results of the implementation of pedagogical conditions for the development of the qualities of a competitive personality of students. The implementation of the conditions proposed within the framework of this work contributes to the training of a highly qualified specialist who is ready to "survive" in modern conditions of competition.

Formation of supra-professional competencies sought in special economic development zones in graduates of technical universities

The problem and goal. Modern economy needs engineers having necessary competencies, able to impart a positive impetus to the development of further competitiveness of enterprises located in Priority Social and Economic Development Areas (PSEDA) and throughout entire Russia. The technical higher educational institutions face the mission to secure not only full-value professional training of engineering personnel, but also retraining of the existing specialists within a short time. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the efficiency of the adaptive organisational/pedagogical system of supplementary professional education aimed at developing trainees’ supra-professional competencies within the system of supplementary professional education. Materials and methods. The study involved 146 various-level top managers of PSEDA resident enterprises and 840 persons who were trained under 19 supplementary professional programmes at 43 advanced training courses structured in accordance with the educational services plan of the Centre for supplementary professional education (SPE). The development of trainees’ supra-professional competencies was monitored through observation, questioning and interviewing. The Likert satisfaction scale was used to analyse the collected data. Results. It was established that employers highly appreciate supra-professional competencies as a necessary component of specialist’s qualification characteristics. Following the survey results, it was revealed that 83 % of specialists out of 1000 interviewed persons had not attended any courses of supplementary professional education over the previous 5 years. The efficiency of personnel retraining was determined by analysing the changes in the company’s performance, based on the results of interviewing the employers; the growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators was 62% in 2018, 74% in 2019 and 93% in 2020. Discussion and conclusion. The components of the adaptive organisational/pedagogical system proposed by the authors made it possible to increase the efficiency of educational activities in the system of supplementary professional education, which was confirmed by a pedagogical experiment. The efficiency was determined through numerical measurement tools allowing accurate diagnostics of the experiment participants’ success.

Technoinnovation as an essential element of training for engineers

The paradox of the modern labor market, when there is a shortage of engineering and technical personnel in the presence of a sufficient number of graduates of technical universities, is associated with a deformation of demand: only those specialists are in demand, which are either economically unprofitable or impossible to replace with technical devices, since so far artificial intelligence is not capable of creative creating innovations. The problem is that there are disproportionately few well-prepared schoolchildren among applicants to technical universities, and among university graduates there are many who have chosen a career outside the STEM sphere. There is no shortage of engineers, there is a shortage of highly qualified creative specialists. To train such specialists, it is necessary to increase the inflow of the most talented and creative students to technical universities, and then keep them in the STEM sphere. To test the hypothesis that a good way of attracting young people to the choice of an engineering career is to endow students with successful experience of technological invention, courses “Techno-Startup” for schoolchildren and “Technoinnovation” for students of technical universities were developed. The objectives of these courses are: to give students the experience of creating techno-innovation, to increase the motivation for a career in STEM among the most prepared students, to form critical thinking.

Development of team competence among graduates of technical universities on the basis of collaborative learning

Problem and purpose. The modern economy needs engineers with a new consciousness and psychological attitudes, possessing the necessary competencies, capable of giving a positive impetus to the development of further competitiveness of enterprises located in the territories of advanced social and economic development and Russia as a whole. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of implementing a collaborative approach in the formation of team competence in the system of higher and supplementary professional education. Methods. The study involved 135 graduates of various technical fields of study, 243 third-year and fourth-year students of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, and 203 participants in supplementary professional education programs. The development of team competence among students and participants was monitored through observation, teamwork on projects, questionnaires, and interviews. To analyze the data, the Pearson χ2 statistical test was used. Results. It was found that the employers highly valued team competence as a necessary component of a specialist's qualification characteristics. The results of the study confirmed that the level of the formation of team competence among 135 graduates was mainly at a low level (41%) and an average level (45%). The analysis of various studies allowed concluding that the collaborative approach has great potential in the development of this competence. Discussion and conclusion. The stages of implementing the collaborative approach proposed by the authors made it possible to increase the efficiency of educational activities, both in the higher education system (χ2 = 7.72; p < 0.01) and in the system of supplementary professional education (χ2 = 7.46; p < 0.01), which is confirmed by the pedagogical experiment. The effectiveness was determined through numerical meters, allowing accurate diagnosis of the success of the participants in the experiment.

The specificity of adaptation of future engineers to pandemic conditions on labor market: A gender perspective

The paper is based on the advance studies of the adaptation of MADI students, future engineers, to the conditions of a forced pandemic associated with the COVID-19 virus. At the first stage of the study (spring 2020), using the content analysis method, the main directions of adaptation and the patterns of future engineers were identified: educational activity, social responsibility, social communication, financial constraints that arose during the period of a sharp change in learning activity, and also the specificity of changes in the place and living conditions, including moving to another region of Russia. At the second stage (spring 2021), using the semi-formalized interview method, a survey of students of the same technical university was conducted about the difficulties faced by boys and girls at the beginning of the pandemic, based on the previously identified directions of adaptation. The results of the study have shown a gender difference in understanding the difficulties of forced adaptation to the conditions of a modern pandemic: girls adapted better to school. The specificity of gender adaptation will help to predict the behavior of graduates of technical universities on labor market in the future.

Transformation of higher education in civil engineering and quality of training of graduates

Introduction. Currently, there are numerous discussions concerning a relevant issue – the impact of transformations of the higher education system on the quality of graduates of technical universities. It is important to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of modern higher education in construction in comparison with one of the Soviet period and to define the direction it should be developed in the future. The present article analyzes the changes that higher education in construction has undergone since 1955 to the present time. Materials and methods. The data used in the analysis include regulatory documents which regulated the implementation of educational activities in different years: orders, classifiers, model curricula and state educational standards. The requirements to the structure and results of the study of educational programs in the field of construction were analyzed. Results. The analysis showed that over the past decades, higher education in construction has undergone significant changes. Fundamental transformations took place at the turn of the millennium when changing from a disciplinary to a competence model of education, as well as from direct government management of the education system to the normative legal regulation of educational activities. If in Soviet times, training was delivered under model curricula of construction specialties, now training is mainly performed according to Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs, the content of which educational institutions determine independently on the basis of educational standards. Conclusions. The performed analysis identified the deficiencies in the modern system of higher education. The imperfection of the regulatory framework, the deficiencies of the competence approach make it impossible to ensure quality training of specialists in the construction industry. This involves improvement of higher education system, including in the field of construction. It is necessary to establish more detailed requirements to the study results and the content of educational programs. It requires among educational standards, exemplary basic educational programs.

Проектирование методического обеспечения процесса формирования компетенций обучающихся технических вузов в сфере международного сотрудничества на занятиях по иностранным языкам

The analysis of third-generation Federal State Educational Standards convinces us that such an important area of activity for graduates of technical universities as preparation for international cooperation has not been adequately reflected in the goals of higher education formulated in the terms of competences. To overcome this shortcoming, the designing of methodical support (DMS) of disciplines related to the teaching of foreign languages for students of all specialties and all levels of education was implemented in order to prepare them for international cooperation. The content of the designing is studied, the author's definition is proposed, the structure and design algorithm are developed. In the process of studying the specifics of international cooperation as a pedagogical category, methodological, cultural and communicative components of this concept are described. The identification of the most significant areas of international cooperation for graduates of technical universities has become the fundamental element in the designing of methodical support. The article describes the designing content in accordance with the developed structure. The obtained results are analyzed and the ways to improve methodical support in order to form students' universal competences are suggested.

ДУАЛЬНА ОСВІТА ЯК ПРОГРЕСИВНА ФОРМА ЯКІСНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ДЛЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА АЕРОКОСМІЧНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

The problem of using a new form of dual education training to provide high-tech developing production with new qualified personnel from graduates of technical universities is being developed and solved. The solution to the main problem is presented in two stages. At the first stage, the possible directions of development and modernization of high-tech production of innovative products are analyzed. To choose the direction of development of the enterprise, a database of existing and promising orders, which affect the competitiveness of aerospace products has been developed. For this purpose, a method based on a precedent approach is used. The new order portfolio requires of highly qualified specialist training. Therefore, the competency requirements of specialists who must meet the portfolio of modernized production orders are analyzed. The set of competencies of university graduates does not always match the requirements of employers. Therefore, at the second stage of the study, the choice is made of those dual education methods (distance learning, virtual education, master classes, etc.) that allow bringing the knowledge of graduates to the competencies of employers. Dual education is used for this purpose, taking into account the possible individual learning path for each student. The activities are presented in a combined presentation and include various learning tools. As a result of individual training, each university graduate must receive a set of competencies that meet the requirements of the employer. A precedent database is being formed that contains indicators of competitiveness of products with new requirements for the competencies of university graduates. The costs related to dual training are being optimized. Lexicographic ordering of variants and integer optimization are used as mathematical models of research. It is advisable to use the proposed approach in the tasks of preparing of highly qualified specialists for the implementation of innovative projects to create competitive products.

The evaluation of university’s impact on «human resource potential» of alumni

This paper considers university educational environment to be an important factor in the development of students' organizational and managerial competence. The authors discuss the approaches to the educational environment of the university, analyze its parameters and characteristics and study the connection between the developmental educational environment and a high level of managerial competence attained by technical university graduates. The authors rely on the environmental approach which allows them to assess the impact of the educational environment on students' organizational and managerial competence taking into account the analysis of empirical data obtained by monitoring methods of sociological research. This method also made it possible to improve self-organization and self-management skills of students and to achieve a high level of resilience both on the environmental and personal level.

The Formation of Students’ Self-Organization Skills in a Technical University

The main components of self-organization and its implementation stages are identified against the background of determining the importance of self-organization skills mastery by technical university graduates for the successful implementation of educational and future professional activities. Based on the social demands generated by the need to form general cultural and professional competencies in the learning process, the necessity to organize students’ independent work in such a way that it motivates self-organization and, as a result, self-education is confirmed. It is proved that the transformation of students’ independent work should be carried out regularly, taking into account the changes taking place in society, using modern information technologies as a kind of organizational resource. In order to reduce time expenditures in the process of updating the educational material for a particular discipline, it is proposed to establish the relationship between the components of the educational process by identifying intersubject communications, which are considered as a means of achieving the applied orientation of the discipline, at the stage of selecting the necessary information. The formation of students’ self-organization skills has been carried out on the basis of data from a frequency analysis of the network information sources. The results of frequency analysis and statistical processing of experimental data show the ability to make a forecast about the weight of specific topics for future professional activities, which will allow to distribute study time correctly. The use of established intersubject communications of disciplines and the fulfillment of the selected conditions contribute to the development of students’ educational activities self-organization.

THE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF FUTURE ENGINEERS’ COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE

Purpose: The article deals with the problem of the development of the communicative culture of future engineers, which determines success in any field of activity.
 Methodology: This is analytical-review research whose data have been collected based on previous studies. These data are gathered in four general topics: studies on the theory of culture; studies on the communicative culture of the individual; theories of professional communication and personal development in the process of communication and studies on the methodology of higher professional education.
 Result: The oil industry in petroleum engineers with formed professional competencies reflected in the Federal State Standard of Higher Education in the direction of bachelor’s studies in Oil and Gas, involving the development of a communicative culture of graduates of technical universities, successfully working in a team, presenting themselves, building relationships with other people.
 Applications: This research can be used for petroleum engineers and graduates of technical universities.
 Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the content and structure of future engineers’ communicative culture is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

The Features of the Career Strategies of Technical University Graduates

The article discusses the features of the career strategies of technical University graduates, as well as the content of a career as a phenomenon, by highlighting its structure. The article presents the results of the study of the graduates’ career strategies of the direction 21.03.01 “Petroleum Engineering” of the Surgut Institute of oil and gas (a branch of the Industrial University of Tyumen in Surgut). The results of the career orientations and the career planning features are analyzed on the basis of the study, as well as a comparative analysis of the career strategies of each group of the graduates is given.

Features of the formation of interdisciplinary competencies in engineering education

The contradiction between the demands of employers and the insufficiently developed methodology for the formation of over-subject competencies of graduates of technical universities has been revealed. On the example of federal universities, the technology of forming “flexible skills” in mechanical engineering, allowing to be successful regardless of the specifics of a person’s professional activity, is considered.