Direction Of Government Policy Research Articles

Water resources and water pollution emissions in China's industrial sector: A green-biased technological progress analysis

Prior to the 21st century, China's industrialisation was mainly driven by investment; by contrast, it now relies on innovation-driven and environmentally friendly technology to achieve sustained and healthy growth. Spanning China's 11th-13th Five-Year Plans (2006–2020), chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions have been the key pollutants that require monitoring for waste water pollution management. To fit well into one of the focus areas under China's government policy direction, the main objectives of this study are to measure input- and output-based technological progress and their determinants for 30 provinces and regions in China from 1999 to 2015. A green-biased technological progress model based on the directional distance function is adopted in this study. The results reveal that sustainable growth in total factor productivity was primarily due to green-biased technological progress. Most provinces and regions in China overused water resources for industrial production, as demonstrated by the high water consumption over the study period, while output-biased technological progress exacerbated the discharge of water pollutants before the implementation of China's 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010). Technological progress in the eastern region was more likely to promote industrial growth, while progress in the central and western regions was likely to promote increased pollutant emissions. Furthermore, industrial research and development investment, governance of waste water treatment investment, the educational level of the labour force, and water prices contributed significantly to biased technological progress in China over the study period. Overall, this study has important policy implications and can provide guidance for emissions reductions to promote cleaner production and optimise resource allocation in China's industrial sector.

Internationalization of Indonesian Higher Education: Recent Initiatives and their Problems

While the Indonesian higher education sector is relatively inward looking in comparison with those of its neighbors in Southeast Asia, the government has been proposing new initiatives to speed up internationalization in an attempt to increase the sector’s quality. However, problems existing in the government policy direction and organizational factors within the universities may mean that Indonesian higher education will remain insular for quite some time. Adapting effective policies implemented in other Asian countries may help Indonesia transform its higher education sector.

Academic Drift in Canadian Institutions of Higher Education: Research Mandates, Strategy, and Culture

As with higher-education institutions around the world, British Columbia (BC) and Ontario are increasingly faced with demographic and market pressures that erode the traditional difference between the university and non-university sectors (i.e., colleges and institutes). Key components that ensure these provinces’ institutions preserve their unique roles and differentiations in a changing context, partially driven by their governments, include research mandates, transparency in institutional governance, and strategic documents that resist the academic drift created by institutional isomorphism. Both governments are actively reshaping their post-secondary systems to align with national or regional economic needs, increasing access, streamlining degree completion, and responding to community pressure to have a university or a degree-granting institution. An analysis of the enabling legislation, government policy directives, and institutional documents of both provinces shows that there is a blurring in the distinction between colleges and universities, and the costs associated with this.

Data Literacy for Employees of Agriculture Service in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province [Literasi Data Bagi Para Penyuluh Pertanian Di Kabupaten Pangandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat

Pangandaran District is a new district in West Java Province, established in 2013. The condition of the government is still in pioneering, some government institutions are still joining the original district, namely Ciamis District. This condition causes the Department of Agriculture in Pangandaran to have difficulty in providing the data. In addition to this situation, the department felt that the difficulties in data collection were due to the lack of understanding of the extension agents and field staff on the importance of data for regional development. Besides that, the agency needs agricultural data to determine the planning and direction of government policies in the agricultural sector. Therefore the agriculture department will the data literacy activities for its employees, its hope all employees to understand the scope of statistics, the importance of data and the Farmer’s Terms of Trade (FTT). The form of this activity is a one-day seminar with presentations and discussions methods. The result of this activity, participants can understand about statistics and data, all participants and field workers to develop it as part of them as data that is a very strategic part. Second, participants who are able to understand FTT as a measure of performance from the Agriculture Department, therefore the department will produce FTT.

Clinician perspectives of policy implementation: A qualitative study of the implementation of a national infection prevention policy in Australian hospitals

BackgroundClinicians play an essential role in the implementation of infection prevention policy. Despite this, little is known about how infection control policy is implemented at an organizational level or what factors influence this process. In this study, we explore these factors and the policy implementation process in the context of the introduction of a national large-scale, government-directed infection prevention policy in Australia. MethodsFocus groups with infection control professionals were held in 3 states to investigate the perspectives of infection control professionals involved in the implementation of aseptic technique policy requirements in Australian hospitals. Data were analyzed using an interpretive description approach, with themes mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. ResultsCommon contextual factors were identified across all levels of the healthcare system that influenced implementation of the infection control policy, including external factors associated with the policy itself and the regulatory nature of government-directed policy. ConclusionsThis study suggests that there may be particular constructs and contextual factors that are specific to policy implementation in the hospital setting. A better understanding of these factors and their influence on policy implementation would present an opportunity for improved implementation planning, resource allocation, and more effective policy development.

PENGANGGURAN DAN TAWARAN SOLUTIF DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

Indonesia has crucial economic issue that has a very negative impact on other sectors. The problem is unemployment. The unemployment is an economic problem itself. The unemployment can also be a psychological burden for those concerned as well as being a social problem with the emergence of various kinds of social diseases; criminal and immoral acts. In addition, the unemployment also has a negative impact on the decline of the aqidah and moral, households, nations and countries. From an economic standpoint, the unemployment is a major problem that weighs on the economy as a whole, because unemployment is a waste of the valuable potential of human resources that impact on the disbursement of natural resources. Where appropriate natural resources can be optimally and maximally motivated, it turns out to be wasted, because the work ethic of the community is very low. Islam as a universal religion, encourages its adherents to work by producing and pursuing economic activities in all its forms as one solution to overcome unemployment. The work recommended by Islam is to work well (ihsan) full of perseverance and professionalism. Fulfillment of basic needs is the responsibility of each individual and the state must provide facilities and infrastructure that support the implementation of this. The decision and direction of government policies have an important role in suppressing the unemployment rate.

Pengangguran Dan Tawaran Solutif Dalam Perspektif Islam

Indonesia has crucial economic issue that has a very negative impact on other sectors. The problem is unemployment. The unemployment is an economic problem itself. The unemployment can also be a psychological burden for those concerned as well as being a social problem with the emergence of various kinds of social diseases; criminal and immoral acts. In addition, the unemployment also has a negative impact on the decline of the aqidah and moral, households, nations and countries. From an economic standpoint, the unemployment is a major problem that weighs on the economy as a whole, because unemployment is a waste of the valuable potential of human resources that impact on the disbursement of natural resources. Where appropriate natural resources can be optimally and maximally motivated, it turns out to be wasted, because the work ethic of the community is very low. Islam as a universal religion, encourages its adherents to work by producing and pursuing economic activities in all its forms as one solution to overcome unemployment. The work recommended by Islam is to work well (ihsan) full of perseverance and professionalism. Fulfillment of basic needs is the responsibility of each individual and the state must provide facilities and infrastructure that support the implementation of this. The decision and direction of government policies have an important role in suppressing the unemployment rate. Keywords: Unemployment, Solutive Bid, Islamic Perspective

Academic Drift in Canadian Institutions of Higher Education: Research Mandates, Strategy, and Culture

As with higher-education institutions around the world, British Columbia (BC) and Ontario are increasingly faced with demographic and market pressures that erode the traditional difference between the university and non-university sectors (i.e., colleges and institutes). Key components that ensure these provinces’ institutions preserve their unique roles and differentiations in a changing context, partially driven by their governments, include research mandates, transparency in institutional governance, and strategic documents that resist the academic drift created by institutional isomorphism. Both governments are actively reshaping their post-secondary systems to align with national or regional economic needs, increasing access, streamlining degree completion, and responding to community pressure to have a university or a degree-granting institution. An analysis of the enabling legislation, government policy directives, and institutional documents of both provinces shows that there is a blurring in the distinction between colleges and universities, and the costs associated with this. 

A Study on Supporting Strategy for Renewable Energy Industry to Advance into the Global Market

This study is to derive comprehensive support strategies for the Korean renewable energy industry to advance into overseas market and expand its market share through cooperation with relevant domestic and international organizations, establishing a foundation for another export industrialization. Starting with market analysis of regions (Southeast Asia, Mideast/Central Asia, Africa, Latin America) and benchmarking the practices of major economies (EU, USA, Japan, China), we try to develop an effective overseas expansion strategy for domestic renewable energy industry. By conducting a questionnaire survey to analyze the export capacity of domestic renewable energy industry, we grasp the current status of domestic enterprises, and capture the basic direction of government policy for expanding renewable energy business at the global level. We developed a customized strategy for entering countries through SWOT analysis and finally came up with a region-specific strategy and business model.

A Study on the Improving Direction of Government Policy for Micro-enterprise : Focused on Fund, Education and Consulting Service

A Study on the Improving Direction of Government Policy for Micro-enterprise : Focused on Fund, Education and Consulting Service

FTAA (A Research on Expansion of Economic Cooperation with Shandong Province in China Through Utilizing the Korea-China FTA)

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 한·중 FTA를 활용하여 중국의 지방, 특히 산둥성과 경제협력을 확대할 수 있는 방안에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 산둥성의 대외개방 및 국제협력 현황과 정책, 한·산둥성 간 경제협력, FTA를 활용한 중국의 대외경제협력 사례에 대해 분석하였다. 아울러 협력 패러다임의 전환, 무역 및 투자의 협력 방향, 산업협력과 관련한 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. English Abstract: Considering that Shandong province is the most active in economic cooperation with Korea and has already been conducting economic cooperation with Korea for a long time, Korea should formulate plans to utilize Shandong as a base area for expanding the performance of the Korea-China FTA, and further develop a successful cooperation model. This requires a transition to a cooperation paradigm that fits the new economic environment. Labor-intensive manufacturing and SMEoriented cooperation need to be rapidly shifted to high-tech industries, high-tech and service-oriented cooperation in accordance with the demand for cooperation and policy directions of Shandong Province. The trade and FDI of Shandong Province are mostly concentrated in low-tech industries, putting the region somewhat at odds with the policy direction of the Shandong provincial government, which is currently pursuing industrial advancement. On the other hand, the trade and investment between Korea and Shandong is centered on high-tech industries with a high level of technology, which is in line with the advanced industrial structure and export structure of Shandong Province. In recent years, the Shandong provincial government has been pursuing various cooperation pilot policies like the Korea-China industrial complexes and demonstration zone for Korea-China local economic cooperation. These policy changes are in line with Korea’s demand to promote its economic cooperation with China to a new level with the conclusion of the Korea-China FTA. In the future, Korea should use Shandong as a base and test bed for economic cooperation with China, and expand the cooperation achievements and models in Shandong Province to all regions of China.

Regional diffusion of smart city service in South Korea investigated by spatial autocorrelation: focused on safety and urban management

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the introduction of smart city service is affected by geographically adjacent local governments and to analyze how the local governments that introduced smart city services are clustered empirically. For this purpose, this study surveyed 226 primary local governments nationwide regarding whether they introduced smart city service or not and the introduction date of smart city service in the field of safety and urban management. Next, the introduction degree of smart city service is divided into the first Smart City Comprehensive Plan and the second Smart City Comprehensive Plan period and compared. The empirical analysis was conducted to examine spatial autocorrelation of the introduction degree of smart city service in the field of safety and urban management. As an analytical method, data mapping, Moran’s I statistic of spatial autocorrelation, LISA (local indicators of spatial association) were used. As a result, first, before the second Smart City Comprehensive Plan was established, smart city services were introduced mainly in urban management fields such as facility management rather than safety fields. Second, the introduction of smart city services of the primary local governments showed a positive autocorrelation and it revealed that the area where the degree of introduction of the smart city service in the unit area and the adjacent area are both high and the low areas are clustered respectively. The results of this study can be used as the basic data for policy direction of central government for further introduction of smart city service.

Innovation development and adoption in small construction firms in Ghana

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify the conditions under which the internal environment of small construction firms makes them either develop or adopt an innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe research described in this paper adopted a qualitative case study approach. The data were obtained from multiple sources such as face-to-face semi-structured interviews with company representatives and from project reports.FindingsThe study identified that firms’ decision to either adopt or develop an innovation is determined by a complex interaction between their internal environment and 12 different conditions. Some of the findings contrast widespread perceptions in broader literature on innovation development and adoption in small construction firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused only on firms from two regions in Ghana. Additionally, adopting a purely qualitative approach meant that the quantitative impacts of the different factors were not presented.Practical implicationsThe results can inform the decisions of agencies and persons wishing to invest their resources in innovation activities of small construction firms. It can also inform the policy debate and directions of government and industry associations looking to create innovation-friendly environments in the small business sector.Originality/valueThis research provides a better understanding of innovation development and adoption by small construction firms. Given that there is little previous research on innovation by small construction firms, especially in developing economies, the paper complements existing studies that generally focus on much larger firms and developed economies.

Sexuality education delivery in Australian regional secondary schools: A qualitative case study

Background: Factors affecting the delivery of sexuality education to school students include government policy, school leadership and teacher confidence. Objective: The aim of this paper was to understand, from the perspective of regional education, health and welfare sector professionals, what is needed to support good sexual health for secondary school students. Methods: A qualitative study that took place in ‘Fairview’, a regional location in Victoria, Australia. Five focus groups, totalling 37 participants, were conducted in 2015. An inductive analysis was used to identify key themes. Findings: The main theme was the inconsistent presence and delivery of sexuality education curriculum in Fairview schools. This was attributed to factors such as perceived lack of commitment at government level to sexuality education, lack of importance in comparison with other subjects and variation in inclusion across year levels. Teachers and the delivery of sexuality education and the role of school leadership in supporting sexuality education were the two sub-themes present within the broader narrative. Teacher capacity to deliver sexuality education was ascribed to lack of training. Perceptions concerning the use of external providers to deliver sexuality education differed, as did opinions about the role of school leadership in supporting sexuality education. Conclusion: Sexuality education in schools could be improved through clearer government policy direction. This would signal the importance of sexuality education to school leaders and, if supported via resources such as training for teachers, could assist in achieving the aim of improving students’ sexual health and well-being.

The Impact of the Politics of Privatization and Commercialization of Public Enterprises in Nigeria on the Level of Productivity and Economic Viability: The Case of Alscon and Nitel

One of the most debated economic policies in the developing world today is the privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa, and its positive and negative implications both in the short and long run. Much attention has been drawn to the observation that although privatization and commercialization was a popular policy in the liberalization process in developing economies in post cold war era, it has in many instances failed to translate to improved productivity and simulate the domestic economy (Obadan and Ayodele, 1988; Okanachi and Obutte, 2015). Situated within this observation, this paper opined that the interplay of politics and public policy direction of government in Nigeria have a negative influence on the process of privatization and commercialization of the state owned enterprises (SoEs) in the country in terms of their productivity, economic viability and contribution in stimulating the economy. Data for this study was drawn from 200 respondent (both managerial and non-managerial staffs) of the privatized Aluminums Smelter Company (ALSCON) and 200 too from Nigeria Telecommunication Limited (NITEL). Evidence showed that the two SoEs although marked for privatization and commercialization witnessed a downturn in their level of productivity and economic viability because the process was marred as a result of its politicization.

APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR PROMOTION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN MARINE ECOTOURISM: A CASE STUDY IN BANGSRING, BANYUWANGI

Ecotourism is a form of tourism management by promoting the unique tourist attraction such as natural destination, conservation, education and local wisdom. Banyuwangi is a region that makes ecotourism as a n important pillar of the economy in coastal areas. Communities in the coastal village of Bangsring District , Banyuwangi, generally have a chance to earn more revenue from ecotourism sector. The existence of coral reefs and beautiful island s are natural potential that can be developed into high-value marine ecotourism, especially with the increase in ecotourism trend. It is also in line with the direction of Government policy in Banyuwangi to advance marine ecotourism sector. Based on information obtained from the chairman of Pokwasmas Samudera Bhakti and KNIH Bangsring, the problem faced by partners related to the development of ecotourism was that Bangsring ecotourism requires more promotion s. I nformation about ecotourism so far has not fully use information technology, whereas characteristics of ecotourism fans who belong to a niche market requires their websites and other social media as an effective media campaign. Bunder (Underwater Bangsring) is one of the marketing strategies and promotion of village tourism potential in Bangsring using mobile application based on android. By using information technology (IT) , “Bunder” is able to generate information s based on android platform that can be accesed from anywhere and by everyone. A downloadable app lication named Bunder is regarding the potential of tourism and natural resources in Bangsring and its surrounding. This application is expected to support effective promotion towards sustainable management of marine ecotourism in Bangsring, Banyuwangi.

Pettit, Philip. On the People’s Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. 347. $74.00 (cloth); $27.99 (paper).

Pettit, Philip. <i>On the People’s Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy</i>.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. 347. $74.00 (cloth); $27.99 (paper).

The need to demonstrate service effectiveness and improved health outcomes

Since 2013, public health services for school-aged children have been the responsibility of local authorities. With this responsibility comes a need to ensure that appropriate and effective services are being delivered, by providers, to children and young people. Commissioners need to have an understanding of Government policy direction to ensure that effective local services are developed which tackle core health issues. This paper illustrates how, through the use of a range of tools, school nurses and their teams can demonstrate the effectiveness and impact of the service they deliver. The article concludes with a rallying cry for school nurses to engage with commissioners and show them the successful work taking place within the service.

Issues in Cluster Development for SMEs in Thailand

Despite consistent and coherent policy positions from the government concerning small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a means of stimulating economic development, Thailand continues to suffer from a medium-sized company deficit. One of the means by which it is possible to tackle this issue is through encouragement of cluster formation. This can be successful only when commercial logic already exists and top-down imposition of a cluster where there is no such logic is doomed to failure. In this paper, qualitative research has been used to interview SME business leaders and other relevant stakeholders (with a total sample size of 65) to identify issues related to cluster formation in contemporary Thailand and the means by which they have sought to overcome challenges. These have included low purchasing power, unclear information and uncertainty with respect to the direction of government policy, which has varied wildly over the past two decades, as well as unrealistic loan arrangements. More positively, entrepreneurs detect improvements in the quality and quantity of knowledge workers in the local economy and, when clusters have been able to flourish, reduced transaction costs and better provision of information have helped to create some sustainable forms of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the perennial complaints of SME owners (i.e. lack of access to capital and markets, government regulations) were also well-represented here. The implications of this research are presented and recommendations made at various scales. Keywords: clusters, competitiveness, SMEs, Thailand

Issues in Cluster Development for SMEs in Thailand

Despite consistent and coherent policy positions from the government concerning small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a means of stimulating economic development, Thailand continues to suffer from a medium-sized company deficit. One of the means by which it is possible to tackle this issue is through encouragement of cluster formation. This can be successful only when commercial logic already exists and top-down imposition of a cluster where there is no such logic is doomed to failure. In this paper, qualitative research has been used to interview SME business leaders and other relevant stakeholders (with a total sample size of 65) to identify issues related to cluster formation in contemporary Thailand and the means by which they have sought to overcome challenges. These have included low purchasing power, unclear information and uncertainty with respect to the direction of government policy, which has varied wildly over the past two decades, as well as unrealistic loan arrangements. More positively, entrepreneurs detect improvements in the quality and quantity of knowledge workers in the local economy and, when clusters have been able to flourish, reduced transaction costs and better provision of information have helped to create some sustainable forms of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the perennial complaints of SME owners (i.e. lack of access to capital and markets, government regulations) were also well-represented here. The implications of this research are presented and recommendations made at various scales. Keywords: clusters, competitiveness, SMEs, Thailand