Government Area Of Plateau State Research Articles

Role of Inclusive Leadership on Psychological Security: A Study of Jos Electricity Distribution Plc Business District

Some formal contextual factors influence on individual psychological security, has stated that employee perceived external risk and threat increase, thereby increasing the uncertainty, which will reduce psychological security in the workplace, the study aimed evaluating whether self-awareness, social awareness and relational agility leads to psychological security. The population is based 395 workforce of Jos Electricity Distribution Plc (JED) Jos business district in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis formulated in the study. The upshots stated Social-awareness does not have any significant impact on psychological security. The result shows that this hypothesis is rejected. The path coefficient from social-awareness and psychological security is statistically substantial with beta (β) value and robust t-value (β=0.167: t=4.036 p<0.020). Therefore, since P-value is<0.05 the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship amid SOA and PS is disallowed and Hi, supported. The study concludes psychological security shows a key part in workforce’ performance of psychological security, as well as work engagement and recommends that there should be hint that even though psychological elasticity is usually considered an individual distinctive as it inclines to be stable over time, current interventions can also boost it among individual workforce.

The Prevalence of Aeromonas Species in Salad Vegetables Sourced from Four Local Government Areas of Plateau State

The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in five salad vegetables, namely lettuce, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, and green pepper, in four local government areas of Plateau state. Aeromonas species have been linked to a number of gastroenteritis outbreaks connected to the consumption of contaminated fresh vegetables and fruits. In Nigeria, the use of untreated wastewater in irrigation is often regarded as an unavoidable alternative for compensating for water scarcity. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in salad vegetables from four local government areas of Plateau State. 800 lettuce samples, including 160 lettuces, 160 cabbages, 160 carrots, 160 cucumbers and 160 green peppers, were analyzed for the presence of Aeromonas species using standard isolation, identification and characterization methods. Of the 800 samples, 202 samples were positive. Aeromonas spp. was isolated from 60(7.50%) lettuce samples, 52(6.50%) cabbage samples, 35(4.38%) carrot samples, 30(3.77%) cucumber samples and 25(3.12%) green pepper samples making lettuce the vegetable with the highest prevalence of the organism. According to the findings, samples of salad vegetables from Lamingo had the highest percentage prevalence of Aeromonas species, at 45 (6.25%), followed by samples from Miango, at 42 (5.25%), and samples from Vom, at 37 (4.64%) had the lowest percentage prevalence of the organism. According to the statistical analysis's findings, the prevalence of the organism in various vegetable types with relation to the study locations did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05) at the 95% confidence level. The incidence of Aeromonas species isolated from the various study regions varied significantly depending on the season, with the organism being more prevalent during the wet season (3.7%) than during the dry season (1.35%).

The Prevalence of Aeromonas Species in Salad Vegetables Sourced from Four Local Government Areas of Plateau State

The Prevalence of Aeromonas Species in Salad Vegetables Sourced from Four Local Government Areas of Plateau State

Seroprevalence of Human Cysticercosis in Amper and Kabwir Districts of Kanke Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Human cysticercosis is an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The seroprevalence of human cysticercosis in Amper and Kabwir Districts of Kanke Local Government Area of Plateau State was studied between January and March 2019. Blood samples were collected from 151 individuals in the study area. Serum was obtained and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the prevalence of 1gG antibodies to cysticercosis. Forty-one (41) out of 151 individuals were positive for human cysticercosis giving a seroprevalence of 27.15%. Seroprevalence was higher in females (29.87%) than in males (24.32%) however, this was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). Age group 41 to 50 years had the highest (33.33%) seroprevalence of infection while individuals 51 years and above had the lowest (16.67%) seroprevalence. Other risk factors that influenced seroprevalence include the source of drinking water, the type of toilet system used, and the rearing of pigs. Good sanitary measures are suggested to combat this infection.

Prevalence and Pattern of Visual Impairment among Adult Population in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Aim: Visual impairment is a public health problem globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of visual impairment among adult population in Mangu Local Government Area (L.G.A), Plateau State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey of 802 adult population aged 18 years and above was conducted in Mangu L.G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design.&#x0D; Methodology: Subjects were evaluated using a magnifying loupe, Snellen E chart, direct ophthalmoscope and torchlight. Vision status was defined using World Health Organization categories of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity (VA).&#x0D; Results: Out of a total of 960 respondents enumerated for the study, 802 (83.5%) adults participated. Prevalence of blindness (presenting VA of less than 3/60 in the better eye) was 8.1%; prevalence of low vision (presenting VA of at least 3/60 but less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 27.6%; prevalence of overall visual impairment (presenting VA less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 35.7%. Prevalence of visual impairment was higher in males (40.8%) than in females (34.9%), although not statistically significant (p=0.098). Prevalence of blindness and impaired vision increased significantly with increasing age, from 21.7% at 20 - 39 years to 83.6% among those aged ≥80 years (P &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Much can be done by individuals, governments and non-governmental organizations to reduce so much blindness and vision loss through cost-effective interventions such as wears of sunglasses and other preventive measures to prevent ultraviolet radiation effect on their eyes.

Healthcare workers’ delivery of adolescent responsive sexual and reproductive healthcare services: an assessment in Plateau state, Nigeria

BackgroundAdolescents should have access to high quality and responsive sexual and reproductive health, however, it is unclear to what extent the national policy on health and development of adolescent is implemented by health care workers in Plateau State. This study assessed the general availability of sexual and reproductive health services, the delivery of responsive adolescent sexual and reproductive health services and health care worker?s understanding of what constitutes adolescent responsive sexual and reproductive health services.MethodsUsing a cross sectional design, we interviewed 409 health care workers selected through a multistage sampling technique, across six Local Government Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria using an interviewer-administered survey questionnaire.ResultsThe most available sexual and reproductive health services was antenatal and delivery care (69.2%), contraception 25.9% and 14.9% reported post abortion care. Only 1.2% indicated the availability of the four recommended essential sexual and reproductive health services (counselling/information provision, provision of contraceptives, testing/treatment for sexually transmitted infection (STI) /HIV and post abortion care) in their facilities. Little over half (58.4%) felt their facilities were adequate in meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescent and this was associated with delivery of post abortion care (AOR=3.612; CI=1.886-6.917; p = .001) and providing sexual and reproductive health services to adolescents without parental consent (AOR=3.612; CI=1.886-6.917; p = .001). Most health care workers had poor understanding of adolescent responsiveness of sexual and reproductive health services, understanding better among health workers who provided services without parental consent and in a separate room for privacy and confidentiality.ConclusionWe conclude that adolescent sexual and reproductive health services is not yet as stipulated in the national policy in Plateau State, Nigeria and in general, health workers have poor understanding of what it means to provide adolescent-responsive services.

Assessment of Availability and Quality of Family Planning Services in Private Health Facilities in Plateau State, Nigeria

Worldwide, there are inequitable differences in both the availability and quality of family planning services provided in different geographical regions of the world. In Nigeria's 2018 Demographic Health Survey, only 10.5% of women use a modern contraceptive method with 40.8% of users sourcing them from private sector providers. Despite the complementary role played by the private health facilities, women do not access and use family planning methods adequately. This study assessed the availability and quality of family planning services provided by private health facilities (PHFs) in Plateau state Nigeria. The study was a facility based cross-sectional study of private health facilities across the 17 Local Government Areas of Plateau state. A checklist questionnaire adapted from a combination of similar researches was used to capture details on availability and the quality of family planning services rendered by these private health facilities. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Three hundred and fifty-six (356) private health facilities were covered in this study, the availability of family planning (FP) in Plateau state PHFs was found to be adequate in 75.3% of the facilities. The quality of family planning services was assessed, majority (59.6%) of the private health facilities has high quality. However, this does not go hand-in-hand with the availability of the same services. Reason for this was due to the differences in location, staff strength, different support given to facilities and the training of staff of the PHFs in the provision of family planning. Only 59% of these facilities were able to score above 13.5 on quality score and thereby considered as having high quality. There is need for more private health facilities inclusion in all forms of manpower development in family planning by government and other partners; this is to help improve the quality of family planning services in the private health sector of the state and country at large.

Comparism of Biogas Production by Maize and Sorghum Staiks in Pankshin Local Government Area of Plateau State: Implication for Household Energy Supply

This study was undertaken to compare biogas production by maize and sorghum stalks for house hold energy supply in Pankshin local government area of Plateau state. An experimental research design was used. The experimental procedure included the growth of maize and sorghum stalks for two months (60 days) the stalks were selected and harvested while still succulents. The stalks were washed, cut into pieces using clean knives, pounded into pastes using mortar and pestles. An empty metal bucket with known weight was used, the pastes of each was weight and equal number of each bucket was put inside each digester accordingly from the top. The top was then sealed with super glue and the digesters were each painted with black oil paint. As a result of the size and volume of the digesters, the set up stayed for 14 days and being monitored daily. Findings indicate that for the Maize stalk there was no gas generated in day one as such the Bunsen burner did not burn. It burns for 50 seconds in day two, 1.5 minutes in day three and it rises steadily to 4 minutes in day eight. Then it started dropping to 3.5 minutes in day nine, 2.7 minutes in day ten, then it drops steadily to 0. 00 minute in day fifteen. For the Sorghum Stalk, days one and two no gas was generated as such the Bunsen burner did not burn. It burns for 1 minute in day three, 1.5 minutes in day four, then it rises steadily to 2.2 minutes for days 7 and 8 then to 2 minutes in day 9 then it started falling steadily to 0.00 minute in days 14 and 15. This implies that energy in form of biogas can be generated from maize and sorghum stalks. Exploring this can meet the increasing energy of man. Based on the results it was recommended amongst others the study can also be replicated with other varieties of common grass using standardized digesters. This is because grass is a weed and do not have other economic value like stalks from food crops. It was concluded that energy in form of biogas can be generated from maize and sorghum stalks. Exploring this can meet the increasing energy need of man. It is recommended that; the study can be carried out with the stalk of other crops such as rice, millet, cow pea and others.

An Assessment on the Information Needs and Seeking Behaviours of Rural Farmers in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study investigated assessment on the information needs and seeking behaviours of farmers in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. There were four primary goals for the study and four related research topics that helped direct the investigation. Descriptive survey methodology was utilized in this research, with a questionnaire serving as the primary data collector. There were 2,000 farmers in the population, and 190 of them were randomly selected to be in the sample. The information was gathered with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. Farmers in Jos North Local Government Area face challenges like a language barrier, insufficient extension services/workers, and an inaccessible agricultural information infrastructure, among others, according to the study’s findings. Farmers previously relied on word of mouth, cooperative societies, family, and friends for agricultural advice. It was determined that the agricultural information resources available to farmers in the Jos North LGA of Plateau State are uninspiring. There is a lack of language support, extension worker services, financial support, public awareness, and current information that prevents farmers in the Jos North LGA from making informed decisions. Many suggestions were made, including that politicians at all three levels of government keep their word, that rural areas establish adult education programs, that agricultural agents, such as extension workers, be made available in all rural areas, and that the government hire and send extension workers to the countryside to help them produce higher-quality crops.

A study of number marking in Izere nouns

This research descriptively examines number marking in Izere nouns, using morpholexical rules as proposed by Lieber (1980). In essence, it describes noun inflections for number from base forms in Izere, with the aid of these rules. Data for the research were collected in Fobur, Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, using selected nouns from the Ibadan wordlist of 400 basic items, alongside an adapted list of nouns specifically designed for the research. The selected nouns were collected electronically and then transcribed in a way that identified the inflected noun forms from the base ones. The data were then analyzed qualitatively. Morpholexical rules were also proposed to account for morphological changes in the inflected forms of these nouns. The research findings indicate that affixation, tone pattern change and suppletion are the dominant morphological processes that account for noun inflections for number in Izere.

GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of EtOAc Extract Fraction of Acassia sieberiana (Fabaceae) for the Presence of Flavonoids

This research is aimed at analyzing the flavonoid content of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract fraction of Acassia sieberiana through Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and testing its radical scavenging activity on DPPH. The stem bark of the plant was collected from Pankshin local government area of Plateau state. It was made into fine powder and macerated in methanol. The concentrated extract was fractionated in EtOAc and water. The EtOAc fraction was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The concentrated EtOAc extract fraction was subjected into phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and terpenes. The components of the EtOAc fraction were separated by TLC using solvents mixture of n-hex:EtOAc in the ratio 3:1 and n-hex:EtOAc:MeOH in the ratio 5:1:1. Flavonols, aurones, flavones, flavonones and catechines were indicated. The GC-MS showed the presence of Ergosta–5,22-dien-3-01-acetate(93β,22E), 4H-Benzopyran-4-one,5,6,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl), Ethyliso-allocholate, 3,9- epoxypreg-16-en-14-ol-20-one-11,18-diacetoxy-3-methoxy and 10-Octadecnoicacidmethyl ester at retention times 30.038, 31.685, 32.057, 34.148 and 38.780min respectively. The antioxidant activity of the EtOAc extract fraction was appreciable in the sense that it has IC50 of 57.18ug/ml though less than that of ascorbic acid which was found to be 52.04ug/ml.

Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Subclinical Mastitis in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to investigate antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) at dairy farms in Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Three (3) dairy herds who met the inclusion criteria were identified and selected by convenience and using a minimum size calculation, 36 lactating cows were sampled. The cows were selected by a blind random sampling technique. Clinical examination was performed to exclude clinical mastitis (CM) and California mastitis test (CMT) to identify subclinical mastitis (SCM). A total of 142 quarter milk samples were collected for culture enrichment in nutrient broth followed by culture on mannitol salt agar (MSA) for S. aureus isolation and biochemical identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of the isolates against selected antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. Using R Commander version 3.6.2 data such as cow breed, age, parity, lactation, and management system were collected, and analyzed to determine their relationship with bovine subclinical mastitis. Of the total of 142 quarter milk samples collected from the 36 cows, 43 (30.3%) were positive for subclinical mastitis by CMT in 16 (44.4%) cows, and S. aureus was isolated in 29 (20.4%) of the positive samples, with MRSA from 17 (11.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility test showed resistance of S. aureus to oxacillin (60.7%), cotrimoxazole (46.4%), nalidixic acid (42.8%), ampicillin (39.2%), cefalexin (32.1%), Augmentin (14.7%), gentamicin (10.7%), ciprofloxacin (10.7%), streptomycin (10.7%) and levofloxacin (0%). The result in this study indicates the growing concern in the diary and healthcare industries of Nigeria since the strains of this pathogen is becoming more resistant to commercially available antimicrobials, and this is an alarming concern for both animal and public health. Therefore, public awareness on transmission, prevention and control of methicillin-resistant S. aureus is suggested.

Effects of Constructivist teaching Approach on Secondary School Students’ Geography Achievement in Jos North LGA of Plateau State, Nigeria

The study has investigated the effects of a Constructivist Instructional Approach on senior secondary (ii) school students’ geography achievement in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The study adopted the Quasi-experimental research design and random sampling method to select the sample of 110 students from the population of 859. The sample consisted of 46 students in the experimental group, 22 male and 24 females, and 64 students in the control 41 male and 23 females. Intact classes of two schools were used for the study. The research instrument was the Geography Achievement Test (GAT) that was adopted from the past questions of WAEC and NECO SSCE 2015 Gat was validated by three experts from the University of Jos in the department of science and technology education. A reliability coefficient of 0.73 was established through the Guttman split-half coefficient using SPSS 22. Two research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested at α 0.05 level of significance using t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. Findings from the study revealed that there was a significant difference in the posttest score of the experimental and control group, in favour of the experimental group. The null hypothesis was rejected because (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that there was no significant score difference between male and female students of the experimental group that received the treatment on constructivist learning approaches. Based on the outcomes of the study, few recommendations were made.

Performance Evaluation of Waste Stabilization Pond for Treatment of Wastewater from a Tertiary Institution Campus Located in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

Appropriate treatment of wastewater before disposal into the environment or reuse is very important in the quest to protect the environment and safeguard public health. This paper investigated the performance evaluation of a waste stabilization pond (WSP) for treatment of wastewater from a tertiary institution campus located in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State in North Central Nigeria. The waste stabilization pond of the tertiary institution campus was designed for a wastewater flow rate of 12,945 m3/day. In order to evaluate the performance of the WSP, a model was developed following the Froude’s number dimensional analysis technique. The model was evaulated based on a wastewater flow of 0.4 m3/day. The final effluent from the maturation pond had 80 mg/L BOD, 195 mg/L COD, 75 CFU/100ml Total Coliforms, 610 mg/L Total solids, 19 mg/L Total Nitrogen, 210 mg/L Chloride, 28 mg/L Phosphate, 1.3 mg/L Ammonia and 7.0 pH. The WSP was able to achieve an overall efficiency of 77.78% reducing all quality parameters to recommended limited with exception of total nitrogen and phosphate. The implementation of this design will go along way to aid the treatment of wastewater from the campus of the university.

Determinants of Tomato Farmers Participation in Agricultural Services and Training Centre (ASTC) Activities

Agricultural production have remained rudimentary despite many years’ of technology development and transfer; to reverse this declining trend, several agricultural policies and programmes aimed at ensuring sustainable production, improved income and farm expansion with added value output have become very germane. This study therefore analyzed tomato farmers’ participation in ASTC activities in Jos-south local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria. This study adopted multi stage sampling techniques. Primary was data collected from 80 respondents, during the 2017/2018 farming season and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, participation index, weighted average index analysis and Binary Logit regression. The result of the study revealed that 73.8% were male; 88.75% had access to extension contact. The estimated mean for educational training, household size, farm income and farming experience were 6 years; 8 people; ₦108,500/ha and 12 years respectively. Also, most (68.7%) of the farmers have low participation index of ≤0.45; this trend is responsible for the existing low farm productivity of this crop in the area. Furthermore, the benefits derived from participating in ASTC activities among the respondents were significant as indicated by their weighted average index. In addition, the estimated coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.7602. Also, the coefficients of household size (0.421), education (0.559), experience (0.808), income (0.485) and extension contact (0.376) were statistically significant; implying that these factors in the regression model affected the likelihood of farmer’s decision to participate in ASTC activities. Adequate labour supply; establishment of pilot farms; capacity training; access to agricultural credit, extension services, agro service centres, agricultural information, input supply and cooperative formation are strongly recommended.

The Prevalence Study of Urinary Schistosomiasis among the Primary School Pupils in Kisayhip, Bassa Local Government Area, Plateau State-Nigeria

Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by parasitic flat worms also known as trematodes, which belongs to the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis is considered to be the third most acute tropical illnesses globally, after malaria and helminthiasis as it is a main origin of morbidity and mortality, highly prevalent among school children, adolescents and young adults. The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis of the urine and intestine in primary school pupils in Kisayhip, Bassa local Government Area of Plateau State. This study was conducted in five primary schools in Kisayhip, Bassa Local Government Area, Plateau State. A total of 230 children who were within the age 5-14years participated in the study. The schools and participating subjects were selected randomly provided they met the inclusion criteria. Fresh urine samples were collected between 10am-2pm, twice a week. The samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically to determine physical characteristics and parasite presence respectively. The result showed that prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in A, B, C, D and E schools in Bassa Local government area were 6.00%, 4.00%, 8.00 and 4.00% respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence among the participating schools, P-value&gt;0.05. There was also no significant difference was recorded in gender based comparison, P-value&gt;0.05. There was no significant difference in the prevalence with respect to various age distributions. The study has revealed that though schistosomiasis was present in the area, the prevalence of the infection was very low and below WHO threshold.

Phytochemical and FTIR Analyses of Six Medicinal Plants from Pankshin Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Aim: To analyze the phytochemical and FTIR of six medicinal plants frequently used by the Ngas in Pankshin District of Plateau State, Nigeria in the traditional treatment of some ailments. &#x0D; Methods: The medicinal plants were extracted with water, ethanol and cyclohexane/hexane, screened for the presence and levels of phytochemicals by standard methods and the FTIR analyses were carried out on the ethanolic extracts.&#x0D; Results: The study revealed that the aqueous extracts contained most of the phytochemicals analyzed. The quantitative analysis of five phytochemicals in four of the plants showed that the order of the levels of phytochemicals in plants were: alkaloids; F. phytophylla &gt; C. tinctorium &gt; F. abutilifolia &gt; F. phytophylla, saponins; F. abutilifolia &gt; F. phytophylla &gt; F. abutilifolia &gt; C. tinctorium, terpernoids; F. phytophylla &gt; F. abutilifolia &gt; C. tinctorium &gt; F. abutilifolia, flavonoids; F. phytophylla &gt; F. abutilifolia &gt; C. tinctorium &gt; F. abutilifolia and glycosides, F. abutilifolia &gt; F. phytophylla &gt; C. tinctorium &gt; F. abutilifolia with saponins being the most abundant phytochemical in the study and flavonoids the least. F. phytophylla was richest in the phytochemicals while F. abutilifolia was the least. The presence of characteristic functional groups such as ─OH, C─O, –C=C and C─H indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, alcohols, carbohydrates, and proteins in the plants that could be responsible for various medicinal properties in the plants.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results justified the local use of the plants in the treatment of illnesses like malaria fever, yellow fever, cough and healing of wounds among the Ngas people in Pankshin Local Government of Plateau State. These compounds can be harnessed for industrial and pharmaceutical utilization.

Effects of Using Instructional Materials on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students’ in Economics in Jos-North Local Government Area of Plateau State

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of using instructional materials on the academic performance of senior secondary school students’ in economics in Jos-North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Two research questions were used for the study. The design of the study was experimental: the area of the study was two secondary schools (one public and one private secondary school) out of 22 public schools and 97 private schools in Jos-North Local government area of Plateau state. The sample of the study was 87, comprising of 44 and 43 SS 2 Economics students respectively. The research questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and standard error mean. The instrument used in the study was the Economics Students’ Achievement Test (ESAT). The instrument was a 20-item multiple choice test covering the following topics: the theory of demand and supply and population, which were covered during instruction. The instrument was trial tested on 20 students selected from a different school outside the study area using the Kuder-Richardson formula and the reliability of 0.84 was obtained. Hence, the reliability co-efficient was found to be reliable. The students were grouped into experimental and control groups by way of randomization. The findings showed that the experimental group scored higher than the control group which indicates that the use of instructional materials was more effective in teaching economics in secondary schools. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that teachers should be trained and re-trained through workshops, seminars and conferences in order to acquire necessary skills for the improvisation and utilization of instructional materials for teaching economics.

Role of Value Alignment and Work-Family Enrichment on Employee Retention among Private Secondary School Teachers in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State

Retention is one of the biggest challenges for today’s organizations especially in private secondary schools where there is a high exodus of teachers. The rate of turnover among private secondary school teachers is on the increase; this situation is not only catastrophic to the school but to the entire education system as the quality of education is determined by the quality of the teachers. The fact that teachers are liable for educating, forming and shaping the students who are regarded as the country’s future leaders, it is fundamental that their employers create programmes that would make these teachers feel connected to their work environment so that they would want to be retained. This study aimed to examine the role of spirituality and work-family enrichment on employee retention. A survey was conducted on 336 teachers of private secondary schools in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. Matter-formism and Role expansion theories were used to explain the relationship that exists between the variables. Using SPSS version 22, results from regression analysis showed a strong positive significant relationship between the variables indicating that increase in meaningfulness at work would lead to high retention. Further analysis testing mediating relationship revealed a positive relationship between spirituality dimensions and retention. Conclusion showed a statistically significant relationship between meaningfulness at work and employee retention when work-family enrichment is used as a mediator. It was recommended that the organizations should enrich the work content of employees; pay more attention on work activities that would enrich family life and create an environment of mutual trust where employees would have a deep connection with one another; as these would make the employees happier, satisfied and remain with the organization.

Impact of Government Expenditure on Public Primary Schools Teachers’ Welfare in Jos-South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study examined the impact of Government expenditure on public primary school teachers’ welfare in Jos-South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. One research question was answered to achieve the objective of the study. Descriptive survey design was employed for the study. The population of the study consisted of 36 supervisors and 139 teachers in public primary schools in the study area. The sample size was made up of 27 supervisors and 91 teachers. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed for selecting the sample. The instruments for data collection were self-structured questionnaires titled Government Expenditure and Primary Education Development Questionnaire for Teachers (GEPEDQT) and Government Expenditure and Primary Education Development Questionnaire for Supervisors (GEPEDQS). The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha method which yielded 0.89 and 0.87 respectively, it was found to be reliable. The study employed the use of mean and standard deviation in analysing the data. Findings from the research question indicated that government expenditure for teachers’ welfare in public primary schools in the study area was inadequate. Based on this finding, it was recommended among others that government should increase the expenditure of the educational sector in line with the recommendations of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) which is 26 percent for developing countries.