Government Area Of Plateau State Research Articles

Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Water from Different Sources in a Rural Community of Jos South Local Government Area (LGA), Plateau State, Nigeria

Surface and underground water polluted by microbes and chemicals exacerbates issues of water scarcity, given its importance to all life forms. This study investigated the impact of microbial and chemical pollution from water sources in the K-Vom community in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Four water samples from various sources underwent bacteriological and physicochemical analyses following the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard guidelines to assess their quality. Escherichia coli emerged as the predominant organism, with tap water showing the lowest contamination levels and well water, particularly from Angwan Madugu, displaying the highest bacterial counts. Physicochemical parameters generally met WHO standards, except for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Nitrates (Means: 0.14mg/L, 74.9mg/L) which exceeded recommended limits. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant differences for TSS, Nitrates, and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), suggesting overall compliance with international guidelines. Despite meeting certain standards, local water sources remain unfit for consumption due to bacterial contamination. Consequently, the study recommends the implementation of simple water treatment measures to mitigate health risks associated with waterborne diseases, emphasizing the urgent need for improved water quality management in the region.

Analysis of Poultry Farmers’ Utilization of Agricultural Credit in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study analyzed poultry farmers’ utilization of agricultural credit in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The population for the study consists of all the registered poultry farmers in Jos South Local Government Area. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires and interview schedule and were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study showed that majority (86%) of the poultry farmers’ were men, with a mean age of 42 years. Majorities (89%) were married and had five people on average per home. The study also showed that 51% of the farmers were educated beyond high school with a mean farming experience of 9 years and average stock size of 1658 birds. The responders received an average credit amount of ₦357224 while the average amount utilized for poultry business was ₦290164. About 75% of the farmers utilized the loan given to expand their existing farm business. Gender, household size, farming experience and flock size were the significant determinants of agricultural credit utilization by the poultry farmers. Inadequacy of the credit amount received (58.0) and competing family needs (32%) were the main obstacles to using agricultural credit among the poultry farmers. The study recommended more budgetary allocations and farmer’s friendly policies by financial institutions to enable bigger volumes of disbursements to farmers.

Effect of Pergularia daemia (Forssk) and Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd) leaf extracts on some enteric bacterial species

Medicinal plants are potential sources of new antimicrobial molecules. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of Pergularia daemia (Forssk) and Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) leaf extracts on some enteric bacterial species. Plant leaves were collected from Kerker village of Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State. Plants were identified, the leaves were shade-dried, pulverized into fine powder. Proximate analysis was carried out using AOAC methods. Extracts were obtained through cold maceration techniques. The extracts were used for phytochemical screening; antibacterial activity was carried out using well diffusion methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration and maximum bactericidal concentration was determined using broth dilution method. The results of proximate analysis showed that the plants powder were rich in carbohydrates, M. charantia 55.59± 0.02 and P. daemia 31.38 ± 0.03, followed by crude fiber and crude fat 19. 62± 0.04 and 16.69± 0.22 in P. daemia compared to 10.66 ± 0.03 and 10.78± 0.03 in M. charantia while ash content and moisture were moderate with 12.86±0.12 in M. charantia and 7.53 ± 0.02 in P. daemia. The phytochemicals showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids in all plant extracts. The antibacterial activity showed that the extracts have a broad spectrum of activity on the test organisms as compared to the standard drug gentamicin. There was a significant difference at p<0.05. Shigella flexneri was the most susceptible to methanolic and aqueous extracts with 22.53± 0.10 at 500 mg/ml as compared to standard drug gentamicin 32.33± 0.18, followed by E. coli with 21.13± 0.13 at 500 mg/ml as compared to the control 29.60±0.15 and Salmonella typhi with 20.47±0.14 at the concentration of 500 mg/ml as compared to standard drug with 38.50±0.36. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration showed that Shigella flexneri was the most susceptible with the MIC of 31.25 mg/ml and 62.5 mg/ml for both methanolic and aqueous extracts of P. daemia while salmonella typhi was the most susceptible with the MIC of 62.5 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml for M. charantia respectively. The presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids showed that the plants leaves have antibacterial activity. The results of this study support the use of these plants as therapeutic agents for diarrhoea caused by S. flexneri and E. coli.

ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON THE CAUSES OF ACTS OF TERRORISM IN JOS NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

Nowadays, terrorism is one of the biggest problems confronting the world. Terrorism and insecurity pose significant global concerns and Nigeria has been bedeviled by a number of security challenges, the most prominent being that of Boko Haram. Worldwide, terrorism continues to become more concentrated, with 57 countries reporting a terror attack in 2022, compared to 59 in 2021 and 74 in 2015 when terrorism reached its peak. Terrorism was most concentrated in the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa, where 65 per cent of attacks in the region took place in the ten countries in the region. In Nigeria, the impact of terrorism, however, witnessed a temporal decline; with total deaths falling by 23 per cent, decreasing from 497 in 2021 to 385 in 2022.This study assessed public perception on the causes of acts of terrorism in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State. In Jos North, a combination of factors-economic, political and identity - has instigated violence over the years, producing segregation in the city mainly along ethnic lines. The sample for this study is made up of four hundred and twenty (420) respondents drawn from a total population of 917,000, using a combination of probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The study sample was determined using the sample size determination table by Krejcie and Morgan. The survey gathered responses from 403 out of 420, with a response rate of 96%. Data were analyzed through the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. The study was guided by the social structure and anomie theory. It was found from this study that respondents attributed the causes of acts of terrorism in the study area to political marginalization, injustice, poverty, unemployment, and negative religious teaching. The consequences of terrorism are significant and have wide-ranging impacts on the community by way of economic and social disruption. In light of the above findings, the study recommends the need to address political marginalization through inclusive governance, tackling injustice through fair legal systems, implementing policies to mitigate poverty, reduce unemployment and promote positive teachings to counteract negative influences. Additionally, there is the need to encourage community engagement and education, to mitigate the root causes of terrorism.

Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting from the Roof and Attics of a Building

Globally people are faced with difficulties in environmental pollution, increasing power costs, and global warming. As such researchers are focusing on enhancing energy-harvesting using thermoelectric generators for power generation to lessen the difficulties. Through the Seebeck effect, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have proven their ability to convert thermal energy into electric power. Given the unique benefits they present, thermoelectric generators have arisen in the recent decade as a possible alternative to other green power generation technologies. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a solid-state device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. TEG consists of elements of p and n-type semiconductors, connected thermally in parallel and electrically in series. In this paper, one hundred and ninety-two thermoelectric generators connected in series and parallel were used to investigate the thermal energy potential at the roof and attic area for domestic application for 20 days from the falling solar radiation on a residential prototype in Bashar, Wase Local government area of Plateau State. A theoretical analysis was used in determining the average output power (P) due to the delta T across the thermoelectric generator module junction. The load resistance value of the thermoelectric generator configuration was evaluated. The results show that the TEG generated power output ranging from 217 mW to 1.99 W throughout the day, 5.97 mW to 13.8 mW in the morning, and 6.8 mW to 36.9 mW in the evening. Furthermore, The finding also reveals that the attic side has the capacity to store thermal energy, which can be harnessed owing to the fast heat transfer to the surroundings during the convection process. In conclusion, solar irradiance has a major impact on the system.

Mwaghavul Arable Farmers – Fulani Herdsmen Conflict and Socio-economic Development in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State

Arable farmers and the Fulani herdsmen conflict is a societal malaise that is bedeviling most societies in Nigeria. The scenes were more prevalence in the North-central geo-political zone of the country. In Plateau State, the incidence cut across different local government areas in the state. This study therefore examined the conflict between the Mwaghavul Arable farmers and the Fulani herdsmen in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State. The study adopted a mixed method research design. Data were elicited from documentary facts The main instruments for data collection were questionnaire, in-depth interview and observation; they were subjected to face and content validation. Focus group discussion and in-depth tinterview were used to corroborate the quantitative analysis. We used Pearson chisquare and ANOVA to test the hypotheses of the study at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that the conflict was triggered by the damages of crops of the Mwaghavul arable farmers by the herds of the Fulani herdsmen. The study also found the conflict has adverse on socio-economic development (schools, businesses, mutual trust, agricultural production, etc.). Based on the findings, study recommends the need to modernize herding system in Nigeria, need for civic education, moral probity, among others

Assessment Of Radionuclides Concentration And Radiological Impact Of Abandoned Tin Mines Soils In Some Communities Of Barkin Ladi, Plateau State, Nigeria

The concentration of natural radionuclides in the soil around the world has become an environmental concern for international and national authorities because of the harmful effect of radiation exposure on human health. The samples of soil used for this study were collected from Foron and Heipang districts of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State. The samples were analyzed using Canberra Model 727/727R Lead Shield Gamma-ray Spectrometer with NaI(Ti) detector. The result shows that 40K ranges from 301.91 ± 0.24 Bq/kg to 124.97 ± 0.31 Bq/kg from the mining spot to 400 m away from the mining spots. 226Ra ranges from 105.43 ± 1.76 Bq/Kg to 43.10 ± 0.62 Bq/Kg from mining spots to 400 m away from the mining spots, and 232Th also ranges from 92.79 ± 0.26 Bq/kg to 26.97 ± 0.39 Bq/kg respectively. The absorbed dose rate in the air (Dr) has a mean value of 82.88 nGh-1. The annual effective dose rate (AEDR) mean value was 0.1mSvy-1, and the radium equivalent (Ra eq) mean value was 180.23 Bq/kg, Hex and Hin have mean values of 0.49 and 0.69 respectively. The calculated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranges from 0.0003 to 0.00039 with a mean value of 0.00035 in the soil samples. Therefore, this result suggested that the area under study could be termed radiologically unsafe for people living around or close to the area.
 

Assessment of Concentrations and Distributions of Natural Radionuclides in Soils of Abandoned Mine Sites of Jos South and Barkin Ladi in Plateau State Nigeria

Barkin Ladi and Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State is situated in the central part of Northern Nigeria, on a rugged terrain of lowlands. It is the principal centre of tin and columbite mineralization, which forms the focal area of younger granites. The work was aimed at assessing the concentration and distribution of radionuclides in soils of abandoned tin mines and the soil’s physicochemical properties. The samples were collected in July, from five different locations in both Barkin Ladi and Jos South where mining activities were predominant. The samples were analyzed using a gamma-ray spectrometer. The result obtained reveals a range of the concentrations of 40K as 116.76 ± 0.21 to 250.15 ±0.,42 Bq/kg, 226Ra from 24.37 ± 0.31 to 90.45 ± 0.86 Bq/kg, and 232Th from 15.74 ± 0.71 to 88.43 ± 0.14 Bq/kg. The result of the physicochemical properties of the soil analyzed ranges from pH (3.12 to 6.81); organic carbon (0.01 to 1.62%); organic matter (0.22 to 3.01 %), cation exchange capacity (1.01 to 4,21Cmol/kg); clay (9.72 to 40.82 %); silt (8.32 to 40.32% and sand (32.42 to 75.38%) respectively. All the 40K results analyzed in all the sampling sites were lower than the recommended limits of 412Bq/kg, whereas most of the results of 226Ra and 232Th were above the 33Bq/kg and 45Bq/kg recommended safe limits. Exposure to elevated levels of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil can pose potential health risks to nearby populations. The physicochemical properties of the soil varied across the sampling sites. Most of the sampling sites are polluted with radionuclides and migrations of the radionuclides from the ex-mining sites to other parts of the environment were noticed from the studies conducted.

A GIS-based assessment of flood impact on agricultural farm activities along river Dilimi, JOS north local government area of Plateau state

Flood is a natural disaster that impacts lives, food security, and ecosystems. Hence, this study sought to investigate the impact of urban flooding on agricultural farm activities along river Dilimi, Jos North LGA Plateau State Nigeria. The study identified urban agricultural farm activities along River Dilimi, and flood-prone areas along the river, and evaluated the economic impact of flood on farmer’s activities in the study area. The study utilized a satellite image of 2021 to digitize urban agricultural farmland along River Dlimi while, DEM, slope, and the landuse of the study area were utilized in an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) on ArcGIS version 10.4 to determine areas prone to flood in the study area. Concerning the economic impact of flooding, the study revealed that loss of farm was ranked 1st, hunger and starvation, loss of properties, and high incidence of poverty with a weighted mean score of 1.22, 1.21, and 1.20 ranked 2nd, 3rd, and 4th while loss of family members, displacement from a natural domain with a weighted mean score 1.19, 1.15 ranked 5th and 6th. Other impacts of floods include damaging roads (1.14), causing malaria (1.13), adding nutrients to the soil (1.11), and causing environmental pollution (1.09). loss of farmland, hunger, and starvation, loss of properties, high incidence of poverty were perceived as serious economic impacts of flood on farmers in the study area. In addition, the result further reveals that river Dilimi covers 1.5%, agricultural landuse covers 2.82%, and other landuse covers 95.66%.

Refractive status seen amongst school pupils with vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, North - Central Nigeria [Letter

Refractive status seen amongst school pupils with vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, North - Central Nigeria [Letter

Socio-Economic Determinants of Households’ Dependence on Forest Resources. A Case of Forested Communities in Quan’Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Socio-Economic Determinants of Households’ Dependence on Forest Resources. A Case of Forested Communities in Quan’Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Generation of Architectural and Other Safety Measures Against Crises and Killings at Residential Environments in Plateau State of Nigeria

Over the years there have been series of crisis in Plateau State of Nigeria and they have led to massive killings and destruction of valuable properties; this is a very serious problem. Hence, it became necessary to conduct a research work with the aim of overviewing the cases of crises and killings at residential environments in Plateau State, in order to generate architectural and other safety measures to reduce their future occurrences in Nigeria. The research focused on desktop study as the instrument for data collection; reviewed different newspapers in Nigeria with available crisis and killing cases in Plateau State, in order to get relevant information to the research. Thus, table was used for the presentation and analysis of the research data, so as to generate results and the results were checked by using contents analysis technique, in order to validate them. Among the architectural research findings is: 1,290 houses were burnt during December, 2023 crisis in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State and some other research findings are: the security agencies knew that an attack was coming before the 2023 Christmas eve massacre; the security forces know the attackers, and they even know their hideouts for two decades. Among the recommended architectural safety measures to reduce future crises and killings is: the design of the members of roof, door, window, ceiling and any other part of building that can easily burn with the use of wood should be fire retardant type, in order to reduce death, massive destruction of houses and valuable properties in times of fire attack from the terrorists. Some other recommended safety measures are: there should be advanced training of security agencies on immediate defensive responses against the terrorists been rumored of their coming to the state; urgent investigations must be made on the security forces that knew the attackers and their hideouts for two decades without revealing the information, so that the defaulted members of those security forces can receive a very severe/appropriate punishment, in order to stop this kind of bad service in Nigeria.

Comparative Analysis of the Physico-Chemical Properties and Trace Metal Content of Palm Oil, from Selected Markets in Jos South and Jos North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria.

The quality of palm oil samples collected from three different markets in Jos South and Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State were analyzed and evaluated using standard analytical laboratory procedures. The relative ranges of the physicochemical values obtained were as follows; Moisture Content (MC): 0.56 - 1.89, Iodine value (IV); 51.88 - 55.57 g I2/100g, Peroxide Value (PV): 0.98 - 4.16 mEq02/kg, Saponification Values (SV): 198.46 - 201.54 mgKOH/g, Acid Value (AV): 9.93 - 57.65, and Refractive Index (RI), 1.4576 - 1.4580. The moisture content, iodin value, pH values and acid values were found to exceed the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) permissible limits of moisture content (0.29 mgKOH/g), iodine value (45 - 53 mg I2/100g), pH (5 - 7 mg/L), and acid value (0.7 max mg/L) for edible oils respectively while the refractive index, saponification values, peroxide values falls within the SON allowable limits of refractive index (1.4612-1.4707 mg/L), saponification value (195-205 mgKOH/g) and peroxide value (10 mEq02/kg) respectively . The amounts of trace metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd) determined in the palm oil using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer ranged from Cu(0.34 - 0.52 mg/l), Zn(1.58 - 2.33 mg/l), Fe(19.18 - 26.74 mg/l), Pb(2.87 - 4.06 mg/l) and Cd(1.58 - 2.24 mg/l). However, the levels of Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd exceeded the WHO/FAO recommended values of (1.50, 1.00, 0.05 and 0.02 mg/L) respectively while only Cu concentration was below the WHO/FAO limits of 2.00 mg/L for trace metals in edible palm oil. Consequently, the results of this study shows that the palm oil consumed from these selected markets does not meet the standard quality specification for edible palm oils and hence can post significant health threat to consumers. Therefore, food regulatory agencies should strengthen their surveillance to promote food and health safety of the populace.

Interrogating the Efficacy of Educational Interlocution in Enhancing Climate Change Education Amongst Early Learners in Selected Primary Schools in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Interrogating the Efficacy of Educational Interlocution in Enhancing Climate Change Education Amongst Early Learners in Selected Primary Schools in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Male Infertility in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Male Infertility in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Refractive status seen amongst school pupils with vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Jos East Local Government Area of Plateau State, North - Central Nigeria

Objectives: This study aims to determine the types of refractive errors commonly seen in patients with Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) among the pupils in the Jos East Local Government area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A school-based descriptive study using a multistage sampling technique was carried out for 4 months. The visual acuity of the pupils was checked using a non-illuminated Snellen’s chart at 6 m, assessing one eye at a time. Individuals with visual acuity worse than 6/12 had pinhole tests and refraction done. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 and frequencies, simple percentages, and Chi-square were used to compare proportions. Results: A total of 400 participants were seen during the study, out of which 84 participants had vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Of these, 51 (60.7%) had refractive errors. Astigmatism was the most common form of refractive error seen in our study 26 (31%), myopia was seen in 15 (17.9%) whereas hypermetropia was the least seen in 10(11.9%). Simple astigmatism was seen more in individuals with acute stage of VKC 9 (75.0%) whereas compound astigmatism was commonly seen in participants with chronic stage of VKC (42.9%). Conclusion: Astigmatism was the commonest form of refractive error seen in these patients and simple astigmatism was the commonest variant of astigmatism seen.

Analysis of Agricultural Loan Repayment Behaviour among Poultry Farmers in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

This study examined agricultural loan repayment behaviour among poultry farmers in Jos south Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. In order to conduct the study, 136 poultry farmers were sampled. The study's respondents were chosen using a two-stage sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the primary data, which were gathered using a questionnaire and an interview schedule. According to survey results, the majority (65%) of respondents were men with a mean age of 44 years. The majority of respondents (90%) were married, and the average household size was 5 persons. The study also revealed that 1795 birds on average were kept in stock, and that 50% of farmers had tertiary education. Further analysis of the results reveals that 73% of the respondents had no contact with extension services. The outcome also demonstrates a significant level of loan default among farmers with 65% not repaying their loans as agreed. Poultry farmers in the study area obtained financing from both conventional and informal credit institutions. Age, educational attainment, household size and income were shown in the logit regression results to be the important factors influencing loan repayment among poultry farmers. The study recommended funding organizations to support farmers while also educating them on the need for loan repayment. Government and other agricultural stakeholders should make sure that farmers have access to formal education because research results indicate that farmers' educational attainment has a major impact on loan repayment. All the important factors that affected loan repayment should be taken into account when formulating policy. Interest rates on loans from official sources like commercial banks should be reduced. Informal sources should be supported so that farmers in the study area would have wider access to alternative sources of loans.

Soil pH Variability in Mangu, Bokkos and Pankshin Local Government Areas of Plateau State

This paper investigates soil pH variability in three local government areas (LGAs) in Plateau State, Nigeria: Bokkos, Mangu, and Pankshin. Soil pH is a crucial factor influencing soil biogeochemical properties, which in turn affect crop yield, soil nutrient levels, and microbial activity. The study utilized Stratified Random Sampling to collect soil samples, and employed IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) interpolation for analysis. The results revealed a pH range of 4.5 to 7.07, categorized into five classes: very strongly acidic (4.5 - 5.05), strongly acidic (5.05 - 5.35), moderately acidic (5.35 - 5.58), slightly acidic (5.58 - 5.83), and neutral (5.83 - 7.07). Slightly acidic and moderately acidic soils were predominant across the entire study area, covering 1643.96 Km² and 1444.41 Km² respectively. Noteworthy variations in pH were observed between the LGAs, with Bokkos and Mangu exhibiting more acidic soils, while Pankshin had soils tending towards neutrality. These variations were attributed to the local topography and geology. The pH variations also play a significant role in determining suitable crops for cultivation. Bokkos and Mangu are conducive for extensive farming of maize and Irish potatoes, while Pankshin is better suited for millet and sorghum cultivation. Given the global implications of events like the Russia-Ukrainian war on food supply, the study recommends that relevant government agencies identify areas with similar soil characteristics and invest in extensive cultivation of crops well-suited to those soils. This could contribute significantly to enhancing food security on a global scale]

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Stream Water in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Water from selected streams in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State Nigeria was obtained and analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the resistance pattern of the isolates against several antibiotics. A total of 25 stream water samples were collected for testing from five (5) different study sites (Tudu, Mabel, Dairy Farm, Maihakorin Gold and Kuba). Heterotrophic and coliform bacteria were isolated from the samples using 10-fold serial dilution and the pour plate method. The isolated bacteria were Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp., Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Among the eight bacterial isolates, Salmonella spp. was the most frequently occurring bacterium 18(22.8%), followed by E. coli 16(20.3%), while the least occurring bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus 5(6.3%). The highest antibiotic resistance was recorded for Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. against ceftazidime 12(67%), Ampicillin 12 (75%), and ceftazidime 11 (92%), respectively. However, E. coli, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Shigella spp. showed high antibiotic susceptibility against cefuroxime 0(0%) and Gentamicin 0(0%). The results suggests that there are antibiotic resistance bacteria in stream water in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State. Educational awareness regarding the proper use of safe drinking water and the treatment of water before use should be encouraged.

Effects of Senior Secondary School Physics Students’ Self- Concept, on Performance in Jos North L.G.A Plateau State, Nigeria

The study investigated the relationship between Senior Secondary School physics student, self - concept and academic performance in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, three research questions and three hypotheses was formulated for the study. The instrument for data collection was self- concept conduct inventory questionnaires (SSCIQ) and physics achievement test questions (PAT). A correlation research design was used for the study. The correlation coefficient of 0.98 provides an estimate of reliability of a full test were half- test correlation is 0.96. The targeted population of the study comprises of SS II physics students in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, numbering 350 students of these numbers 227 were male and 123 were female students respectively. The sample size used for this study was 200 students. A simple random sampling technique was employed to draw a representative sample for the study. The Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ‘r’ was used to determine the relationship between self-concept and students' academic performance. While the t- test for independence samples was used to examine the differences that existed between male and female self-concept and their academic performance in physics. The finding was that there is positive relationship between Senior Secondary school students' self-concept and their performance in physics. It also revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female students' self-concept and academic achievement in physics. The findings further revealed that the male and female students do not differ significantly in their academic performance in physics. The recommendations made among others were that necessary measures be put in place in our educational system to remove inferiority complex in our students and enhance the development of positive self-concept on their academic achievement students.