Goods Market Research Articles

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Toko Pak Kusno Sidorukun Untuk Mempermudah Jual Beli Barang

Modern digital life relies heavily on information systems (IS) to manage data efficiently, make better decisions, and increase productivity. Mr. Kusno's shop faces problems of goods management, finance, and product promotion. This research designs a customized information system to solve those problems, such as easier digital transaction recording, more optimized goods management, and better financial management. The implementation of this system is expected to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of Toko Pak Kusno. The development method used is the waterfall method, which ensures each step is carried out sequentially from analysis, design, implementation, to system testing. The results showed efforts in designing an information system that can improve the operational efficiency and service quality of Toko Pak Kusno in buying and selling goods and store management.

Determinants of livelihood diversification in an integrated agricultural and non-agricultural livelihood system in Ghana

The diversification of livelihoods by households has been widely acknowledged as a way to overcome food insecurity and poverty challenges in developing countries. Diversification of livelihoods helps spread the risk among multiple livelihood earning activities to provide households with a range of their food needs all year round. By examining the integrated livelihood systems of 405 rural farm households in the Upper East Region of Ghana, empirical evidence is provided in this study using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to advance arguments in the literature for the creation of sustainable strategies that improve diversified livelihood systems. The mean diversification indices estimated were 0.45 for agricultural diversification systems, 0.32 for non-agricultural diversification systems and 0.59 for integrated agricultural and non-agricultural diversification systems. With the use of the Cragg two-step regression model, we demonstrate that the decision to diversify and the extent of diversification of rural livelihoods are distinct decisions and are influenced by distinct sets of factors. Similarly, for the three categories of livelihood diversification studied, the effect of these factors also differed. The results emphasize the significance of access to good road network, credit and market information in encouraging rural farm households to diversify their livelihoods. In the short term, improving access to credit and market information through community-based initiatives can provide immediate support to rural households. Communities should also organize local markets and cooperatives to strengthen their economic resilience. While government and stakeholders should focus on long-term infrastructure projects, these community actions can complement such efforts and contribute to achieving global and regional goals targeting food insecurity and poverty eradication.

Linking the BOPC growth model with foreign debt dynamics to goods and labour markets: A BOP-IXSM-Okun model

We link a BOPC growth model to the goods market, foreign debt dynamics, and Okun's law. A new condition for getting the Thirlwall effect of world GDP growth on domestic growth is that investment and export shares of GDP should react less to an increase in the domestic growth rate than savings and import shares. If this condition holds, the Thirlwall effect is present for the equilibrium point of stable and unstable debt/GDP dynamics and for positive or negative reactions of the current account to domestic growth. Okun's law translates the effect on the domestic GDP growth rate to a change of the unemployment rate. Under unstable debt/GDP dynamics, the change of world GDP growth may turn around the direction of the debt/GDP dynamics, a second important foreign growth effect. Estimations support the specification of the theoretical model and lead to simulations of the Thirlwall effect, terms of trade and interest rate shocks on output growth. Profit maximizing bank consortia set interest rates below growth rates ensuring stable debt dynamics in the presence of an interior maximum. Conditions for an interior maximum are empirically violated for Brazil indicating that banks would have to change the economy strongly. A crisis can be less likely through a jump into a steady state for the debt/GDP ratio; unstable, increasing debt/GDP processes through high interest rates cannot be ruled out though and may lead to crises unless the empirics of the stability conditions gets more favourable and leads the country-bank model into a stable steady state or out of indebtedness.

Musculoskeletal Health Problems Among the Loom Weavers of Sirajganj District, Bangladesh

Land use change is increasing in West Nusa Tenggara province, especially in Bima district. This condition occurs because people who make land use change patterns that are utilized as agricultural areas for corn commodities. The limited agricultural land in Bima Regency with the potential for good selling prices of corn commodities is a major factor in land use change, this has an impact on flood disaster vulnerability. This study aimed to determine the condition of the livelihood assets of seasonal corn farmers in the Bima district. The research method used a descriptive presentative statistical approach. The sample in this study amounted to 97 respondents who were taken in 8 districts with flood vulnerability, namely Sanggar, Madapangga, Palibelo, Woha, Belo, Monta, Sape, and Lambu. Random sampling was used to determine the respondents. The results showed that the condition of the livelihood assets of seasonal corn farmers in Bima District from 8 flood-prone villages is dominated by human resources, where the average percentage value is 83%. This is followed by physical assets at 81% and natural and financial resources at 71%, while the lowest is social assets with a percentage value of 69%. The farmer livelihood assets with high percentage values in each flood-prone area are human resources in Sanggar, natural resources in Palibelo, financial and physical in Sape, and social assets in Palibelo and Woha. The pentagon of livelihood assets does not form a triangle, so it can be concluded that there is inequality between assets. The lack of agricultural land owned by farmers encourages the use of land cover as corn farmland. This can be seen from the use of land by farmers that is not their own, resulting in environmental damage that causes flood vulnerability. Keywords: Land use change, Livelihood assets, Flood Disaster

Low-carbon high-strength engineered geopolymer composites (HS-EGC) with full-volume fly ash precursor: Role of silica modulus

In this study, the influence of the silica modulus of alkaline activators on the overall performances of pure fly ash (FA)-based High-Strength Engineered/Strain-Hardening Geopolymer Composites (HS-EGC/SHGC) was comprehensively studied. The developed HS-EGC successfully presented simultaneous high compressive strength (over 90 MPa) and high tensile ductility (over 6.0 %) for the first time. Tensile strain-hardening and over-saturated cracking phenomena were observed for all the HS-EGC mixes. It was found that the increase of the silica modulus from 1.0 to 2.0 reduced the tensile strength and strain energy density of HS-EGC, but the most distinguished overall mechanical index was achieved in the mix with the silica modulus of 1.5. Additionally, the underlying mechanism behind the mechanical performances was explored by Back Scattering Electron and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (BSE-EDS) tests. According to the data comparison from literature review, the good sustainability and market potential of the developed material were successfully demonstrated, and the developed HS-EGC pushed the performance envelope of pure FA-based EGC materials. The findings could help promote the future development and practical applications of this strain-hardening geopolymer material with both good sustainability and high mechanical performances.

Implementing African Continental Free Trade Area: Lessons from Afro-Pessimists and Afro-Optimists

Global cooperation has been an acceptable strategy for addressing many of the world’s challenges. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement which entered into force on 30 May 2019 was designed in a similar light for Africa’s development. Its objectives among others are to create a single market for goods, and services, and deepen the economic integration of the African continent by the vision of an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa as enshrined in the Agenda 2063. However, these benefits may not be realized unless member states garner concerted and sustained efforts to ensure the effective implementation of the AfCFTA. These efforts often elude most developing countries, and it is against this backdrop that this study attempts to investigate whether the contrasting perspectives of the Afro-pessimists and Afro-optimists could be of relevance to AfCFTA implementation. Using desk review methodology, the study synthesized both empirical and theoretical literature and found that Afro-pessimists are very critical and paint a gloomy picture of Africa. Whereas the Afro-optimists, are more positive looking with the claim that Africa is mistreated and its achievements are inordinately ignored. Significantly, both perspectives deepen understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of Africa’s development, providing a useful context for either the failure or success of the AfCFTA’s implementation. The key lesson the study draws is for Africans to maximize their strengths as much as possible and minimize their weaknesses. This will actualize the “Africa rising” phrase and lead to the majority of Africans rising with Africa.

Exploring knowledge and uses of Moringa oleifera and understanding its cultivation constraints and proposed solutions: a case from Bangladesh

Multipurpose trees, like the moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), have become extremely popular in an attempt to reduce food, nutritional, and economic instability. The significant benefits of moringa’s leaves, pods, seeds, roots, and flowers are used in a wide range of commercial fields, including medicine, cosmetics, food, animal feed, water purification, and more. We applied a questionnaire-based survey to reveal the uses, problems and solutions related to the knowledge, uses and constraints of moringa in the region of Chapainawabganj and Kushtia districts in Bangladesh. Including the easiest propagation process and the lowest cultivation costs, year-round flowering, and production provide moringa with a wide window of opportunity. Besides using regular pruning of moringa branches, respondents make trees bushy to increase fruit and leaf production. Respondents from both regions opined that moringa has a good market value, increases family income, increases opportunity for fallow land utilization, enhances employment opportunities, and is known as a nutritive and multipurpose tree. We were pleased to find that moringa output regularly exceeded previous production records in Bangladesh from 2014–16 to 2020–21. Furthermore, our survey shows that a 5-year-old moringa tree provides a satisfactory yield per season with its high market price and demand. Despite the extensive use of moringa fruits and leaves by respondents, its commercial potential remains largely undeveloped and unknown to them. Constraints like limited scientific knowledge and technological infrastructure are the reasons why the elusive potential of moringa in Bangladesh persists. There is ample opportunity to enhance moringa production via effective management techniques, which will satisfy community demand and create market opportunities both locally and internationally. As a result, smallholder farmers’ livelihoods and food and nutritional security can be improved.

Innovative potential of business environment development in the virtual market at the digitalization stage

Subject. The article discusses the innovation potential of business environment development. Objectives. The aim is to explore the innovative capacity of business environment development in the virtual market at the stage of digitalization. Methods. The study employs research methods, like comparative, dialectical cognition, scientific abstraction, morphological analysis, synthesis, and theoretical generalization. Results. We systematized preferential characteristics of the virtual market, which consist in large-scale opportunities for promoting marketing innovations in the market of goods and services. The paper defines the role of the virtual market, foundations of the formation of business environment, characterizes innovations of virtual markets, considers the main aspects of digitalization of virtual markets, strategies for innovative development, technologies for the development of innovative capacity of business environment in the virtual market. Conclusions. The digitalization of virtual markets changes the way of doing business, delivering products, and interacting with customers. It requires companies to be flexible, able to adapt quickly to new technologies, and remain competitive. Depending on the degree of readiness, companies need to create and implement various strategies that include transferring customers to the digital space, as well as digital transformation strategies.

RANCANG BANGUN UI/UX APLIKASI E-COMMERCE BERBASIS FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER MENGGUNAKAN MODEL LEAN USER EXPERIENCE

In today's era, some people require more specialized marketplaces for selling items such as driving equipment or automotive-related products. Individuals need consignment services to sell their driving gear like helmets, driving jackets, and other related items. Many people face difficulties in finding suitable and secure storage spaces for their belongings. This study explores the rapid expansion of internet usage, which has spurred the emergence of new business models, notably online marketplaces for buying and selling goods. The research focuses on developing a simple yet effective online store platform, particularly tailored for sellers at the Indonesian Helmet Shop. Employing the prototype method, this research constructs the application through various modeling techniques including use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, and sequence diagrams. The primary objective is to create a lightweight, web-based marketplace application that enhances the transaction process between consignment providers and consumers. Preliminary findings suggest that the application facilitates efficient user interactions and transactions. However, further development is required in the areas of user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) to ensure greater consumer satisfaction and engagement. This study underscores the potential of tailored digital solutions in optimizing e-commerce platforms, particularly in specialized market sectors.

Consumer Perception of Private Label Products in Hungary

Private labels have emerged as a significant force in the retail sector, particularly in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. Their importance has grown as consumers increasingly prioritise value for money, often choosing these products over manufacturer-branded items. As a result, private labels have become a competitive tool for retailers, driving down costs and fostering customer loyalty through consistent quality at lower prices. This study investigates Hungarian consumers' perceptions of private label products, focusing on quality comparison between private labels and manufacturer brands. A comprehensive online survey was conducted between April and June 2024, with over 10,000 respondents providing insights into their shopping habits and quality assessments of private label products. The primary findings reveal that more than half of the respondents (52.3%) believe that the quality of private label products is comparable to that of manufacturer-branded products, while 14.7% even consider it superior. Interestingly, 33% of the respondents perceive private label products as inferior in quality, although the differences are often seen as slight. These perceptions are influenced by both objective and subjective factors, including brand loyalty, price, and packaging. Demographic analysis using Cramer's V coefficient indicates that factors such as age, gender, income, and education have minimal impact on these quality perceptions. However, slight variations were noted, with men more likely to view private label products as lower in quality compared to women. Additionally, those with higher education tend to rate the quality of private label products more favorably. The study also explores consumer behavior in hypothetical purchasing scenarios, finding that 85.9% of respondents would prefer a private label product if it were identical in content and produced by the same manufacturer as a more expensive branded option. This suggests a strong potential for growth in the private label sector, particularly if retailers continue to emphasize the quality and value of these products. In conclusion, the research highlights the growing trust in private-label products among Hungarian consumers, driven by the perception that these products offer comparable quality at lower prices. Retailers are advised to leverage this trust by expanding their private label offerings, particularly in categories where consumer preference is already strong, and by continuing to market these products effectively to different demographic groups.

국제물품매매거래에서 CISG상 지식재산권 침해 물품 인도에 따른 매도인의 책임에 관한 연구: CISG 자문위원회의 Black Letter Rule을 중심으로

Purpose: This study explores the liability of sellers of goods that infringe Article 42 of the United Nations convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) based on the official opinion of the CISG Advisory Council. Research design, data, and methodology: The requirements for seller liability under Article 42(1) of the CISG includes the seller's awareness and geographic limitations. This study also examines the requirements for seller immunity under Article 42(2), including the buyer's expectation of awareness and investigation. Results: M ost o f t he e xisting o pinions a nd t he o fficial o pinions o f t he C ISG A dvisory Council seem to be consistent with the responsibility of the seller who delivers goods infringing on intellectual property rights. However, regarding the timing for determining the suitability of rights to the goods, there are areas where opinions are different from those of scholars who view them as a transfer of risk. Conclusions: The CISG Advisory Council's official opinion appears to be a reasonable interpretation of Article 42 taking into account its purpose, which is to protect the interest of the purchaser in the free use of goods that are not subject to third-party rights or claims, the Secretariat's commentary on the Convention's legislative history, and the existing views of scholars. Therefore, practitioners should prepare for related situations by referring to the official opinion of the CISG Advisory Council on Article 42 of the CISG.

사상의 자유시장 이론과 플랫폼 거버넌스

The concept of ‘marketplace of ideas’ has been employed as a conventional argument to justify freedom of expression. The Constitutional Court of Korea has also been significantly influenced by this concept, presenting it as a rationale to protect freedom of expression and asserting that “the Internet is the medium most closely approximating the ‘marketplace of ideas’”. However, the proliferation of disinformation, hate speech, and the development of artificial intelligence have urged a re-evaluation of the validity of the ‘marketplace of ideas’, which posits that truth can prevail over falsehoods through unrestricted competition. ‘Marketplace of ideas’, which is advocated from a laissez-faire perspective, also encounters challenges related to market failure when examined from an economic perspective. This phenomenon occurs because market failure is not limited to the market for goods but extends to the market for ideas as well. In the context of freedom of expression, market failure can result in impediments to information distribution, insufficient dissemination of high-quality information, and democratic representation. To address market failure in the realm of free expression, it is imperative to focus on platform governance. In the United States, self-regulation by individual companies or industries, and in Europe, co-regulation by governments, have been proposed as potential solutions to market failure. The divergence between the US and European approaches to platform governance stems from the distinct constitutional traditions of freedom of expression. While platform governance mechanisms, such as self-regulation and co-regulation, offer advantages including flexibility, expedience, and professionalism, they may also generate tensions with the rule of law and potentially result in private censorship when limiting fundamental rights. To ensure the democratic legitimacy of self-regulation, limitations on freedom of expression must be implemented in a manner consistent with the rule of law. Furthermore, to prevent co-regulation from devolving into private censorship, considerable caution must be exercised to ensure that government intervention does not transform into censorship by administrative authority.

Regional trade agreements and economic integration in Africa: assessing the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA)

This article examines the impact of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) on economic integration in Africa, focusing on the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). As the largest free trade area globally, AfCFTA aims to create a unified market for goods and services across 55 African Union member states, fostering economic growth, reducing trade barriers, and enhancing intra-African trade. This article assesses the potential economic benefits of AfCFTA, including increased market access, industrialization, and job creation. It also considers the challenges of implementation, such as infrastructure deficits, varying levels of economic development, and non-tariff barriers. Through case studies of key African economies, including South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya, the article explores how AfCFTA is reshaping trade dynamics and regional cooperation. Furthermore, it evaluates the role of AfCFTA in addressing Africa’s dependence on external markets and enhancing global competitiveness. The article concludes by providing recommendations for policy reforms, capacity building, and regional cooperation needed to maximize the benefits of AfCFTA. By analyzing both opportunities and challenges, this article offers insights into how AfCFTA can drive deeper economic integration and sustainable development across the African continent.

Boosting customer loyalty through marketing distribution, customer experience management and customer relationship management

This study aims to analyze the effect of marketing distribution on customer experience management (CEM), customer relationship management (CRM), and customer loyalty. This study also analyzes the effect of CEM and CRM on customer loyalty. This study uses quantitative methods with a population of all BPRS (Sharia People's Financing Bank) customers in the Cirebon area, West Java. The sample in this study was taken through the purposive sampling method regarding sampling criteria tailored to the research objectives. From the sampling process, we obtained 185 respondents who met the criteria and became the research sample. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires and analyzed using a structural equation model with Smart-PLS 3. The analysis shows that marketing distribution positively affects customer experience management, customer relationship management and customer loyalty. Furthermore, customer experience management and customer relationship management are also proven to positively affect customer loyalty. Conclusion: It is concluded that marketing distribution has an important role in improving CEM, CRM and customer loyalty. This research proves that the implementation of good marketing distribution can encourage consumer interest in the company's products and services and build customer loyalty.

Sistem Pemasaran Beras Bujang Marantau Di Kecamatan Sungai Tarab, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat

The “Bujang Marantau” rice variety is local rice from Tanah Datar Regency which was registered as a national superior rice variety by BPTP West Sumatra in 2015 and grows well in Tanah Datar Regency. This increase in “Bujang Marantau” rice production must be balanced with a good marketing system so that farmers and institutions marketing can receive more favorable prices. The study is aimed to analyze the channels, functions and operational efficiency of rice marketing (marketing margin, farmer’s share, and profit to cost ratio) in Sungai Tarab District. This research involved 45 farmers as samples obtained through a simple random sampling method. Marketing institution respondents were obtained using the snowball method based on the flow of information from farmers and 15 marketing institution respondents were obtained. Qualitative data is used to analyze marketing channels and institutions. Quantitative data is used to analyze marketing margin, farmer’s share, profit to cost ratio and marketing efficiency index. The results showed that there are 3 marketing channels and 3 types of marketing institutions involved. The results of the marketing operational efficiency analysis show that the relatively efficient marketing channel is channel III because it has the lowest marketing margin value, the highest farmer’s share, and the shortest marketing channel compared to other channels. Marketing institutions should further optimize the marketing functions of each institution, such as the transportation function, so that transportation costs can be lower and minimize marketing costs more efficiently.

Performance of Kinnow (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco) based Agri-horticultural Systems during Intermediate Stage of Fruiting in Light Textured Soil of Arid Rajasthan

Kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivation is increasing in IGNP area due to its profitability and good market value. It is cultivated as sole crop and the interspaces are left unutilized. Growing suitable intercrops in the left over spaces of kinnow may generate extra income to the farmers. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the productivity and profitability of kinnow based intercropping systems in hyper arid partially irrigated zone of western Rajasthan.The study was conducted during rabi and kharif seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively in seven years old plantations of kinnow with five treatments viz (i) kinnow + wheat - groundnut, (ii) kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean, (iii) sole wheat -groundnut, (iv) sole fenugreek - cluster bean and (v) sole kinnow. Intercropping showed positive effect on growth and yield of kinnow with highest yield in kinnow + wheat -groundnut followed by kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean. However, the yield of intercrops decreased by 37-42 % when grown in association with kinnow as compared to their sole cropping. The annual system productivity in terms of cluster bean equivalent yield (CEY) was minimum in sole kinnow (1.15 t ha-1) and increased when kinnow was intercropped with fenugreek-cluster bean (2.95 t ha-1) and wheat-groundnut (4.97 t ha-1). There were 2.56 and 4.33 times higher annual system productivity of kinnow + fenugreek-cluster bean and kinnow + wheat - groundnut intercropping system as compared to sole kinnow. The share of kinnow in system productivity was 42.0 and 24.4% and in net return was 43.5 and 18.0% in kinnow + fenugreek-cluster bean and kinnow + wheat - groundnut intercropping system, respectively. Intercropping systems of kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean and kinnow + wheat - groundnut showed higher physical as well as economic water productivity as compared to sole kinnow. The water productivity in terms of gross return (WPGR) increased from Rs. 4.99 m-3 in sole kinnow to Rs.7.94 and 9.89 m-3 in kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean and kinnow + wheat -groundnut intercropping systems, respectively. Net return and BCR of intercropping systems were more as compared to sole kinnow which indicated that the intercropping systems of kinnow provides higher economic benefits through additional return from crop produce

Analysis of land-use and livelihood transformations in peri-urban areas: Insights from North-Western Ghana

This paper questions claims that peri-urbanization perpetuates the shrinking of livelihood opportunities. A critical analysis of the peri-urbanization process presents a more nuanced transformation of livelihood opportunities. Drawing on concurrent triangulation mixed-method, primary data was sourced from non-farm workers using survey questionnaires, informant interviews, and observation from 225 respondents in a Ghanaian peri-urban community -Bamahu. Digital image software, Erdas Imaging 2015 and Landsat satellite were used to acquire land use and land cover data to affirm spatial differences. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics complemented with thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings showed significant land use and land cover alterations from 2000 to 2019. These changes resulted in the springing up of non-farm livelihoods that populated formal and informal non-farm opportunities. The analysis provides evidence that supports two key contributions to peri-urbanization and livelihood transformation debates. Empirically, it brings in-depth insights from original fieldwork data to highlight specific contextual realities by not only revealing the spatial alterations but also peering into how emerging non-farm livelihoods trade-off with existing farm-based livelihoods. Theoretically, it extends the debate by reframing peri-urbanization as a process of transforming livelihoods that thrive due to infrastructural development, new skills, and a ready market for goods and services. These findings have important implications for opening up a theorization of the peri-urbanization phenomenon. This paper concludes that the emergence of these livelihoods is crucial and should be adequately integrated into urban policies and plans to ensure inclusive cities.

Optimal fiscal policy in small open economies with habit persistence

Abstract This paper sets up a small open economy model with habit persistence in consumption in which distortionary taxation is available in a flexible price environment. In open economy, the habit persistence in consumption aggravates the terms of trade externality, absent in closed economy, calling for more aggressive fiscal policy. While optimal labor income taxes are time-invariant in a closed economy with internal habit, they should be time-varying in an open economy to alleviate the terms of trade externality, even if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution equals the intratemporal elasticity of substitution. In a small open economy composed of households with habit persistence in consumption, households’ decision to gradually adjust their consumption and labor hours intensifies the undesirable terms of trade externality or the terms of trade channel. This generates a time-varying wedge between the efficiency conditions of the Ramsey planner and the market equilibrium conditions, calling for a time-varying taxation which takes into account the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the intratemporal elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods, in addition to the degree of habit and goods market distortion. The volatility of optimal tax rate increases with the degree of habit, whether households have external or internal habit. The volatility of tax rate shows an inverted U-shape in the degree of openness in the small open economy with habit. Finally, the optimal labor income tax rate moves countercyclically for low degree of intratemporal elasticity of substitution, while it moves procyclically for high degree of intratemporal elasticity of substitution.

Technical Efficiency Of Rice Farming Around The Nickel Mining In Konawe Selatan District

South Konawe Regency has vast potential agricultural land, It can support the regional economy by supplying the food needs of the community and being a major player in trade across districts. In addition to providing food, the agricultural sector also serves as a market for goods produced by the industrial sector in rural communities and urban areas, a source of labor for industry, a source of capital for modern economic growth, particularly in its early stages, and a source of foreign exchange. Policy support is needed from the government in developing the agricultural sector considering the importance of synergy between the agricultural and mining sectors to minimize negative impacts in order to achieve economic balance so that it becomes the basis for local governments in taking appropriate policies to support the agricultural sector amidst mining activities. The purpose of this study is to examine lowland rice farming's technical effectiveness and production characteristics in the vicinity of South Konawe Regency's nickel mine. The data collected used primary and secondary data, with a total of 20 farmers as respondents. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was utilized to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that lowland rice farming is technically efficient when it is conducted near nickel mining and that the production elements that actually affect lowland rice farming include land area, labour force, urea and NPK fertilisers, and insecticides.

Exploring counter-cyclical monetary policy in a small open economy using the portfolio balance approach

Whether or not the money supply is endogenously determined in response to demand variations has been the subject of recent debates. Regardless of the answer to this question, central banks can and do react to cyclical fluctuations, and their responses, in turn, affect the balance of payments and the foreign asset position. We explore the feasibility of a counter-cyclical monetary policy rule in a small open-economy portfolio balance set-up where assets are imperfect substitutes, capacity utilization endogenously adjusts in a neo-Kaleckian manner to clear the goods market, the exchange rate is flexible, and prices are fixed. This set-up, under some non-restrictive conditions, generates a stable steady-state solution, suggesting that a monetary policy based on a counter-cyclical interest-rate rule is a viable option for macroeconomic stabilization.