Training Goals Research Articles

The Organization of Training Process of Young Gymnasts in Preparatory Groups

Key words: educational, content, structure, readiness, phasing, introductory, professional, athletic, mastery, quantity, “Right Posture” The training process of young gymnasts is a complex of year-round and long-term training activities. It includes the content and structure of the training process, training planning, preparations. The main purpose of the work is to highlight and analyze the educational process of young gymnasts as the completories of the interconnected complex. The main content of the educational process in the preparatory groups forms general, special physical and motor preparedness (SPP), which follows from the main problems of the students included in the preparatory groups. Thе experiments show that the physical exercises in the initial training groups must engage 40-50 % of each workout. The schedules of preparatory groups’ workout are presented in a schematic form. The explementary structures of workouts for preparatory 6- and 8-hour groups are presented. Thus, before planning the training process of young gymnasts, it is necessary to determine the goals of training and, in accordance with them, to study and improve the program material of gymnastic exercises. Young gymnasts need more time to get in shape, they have fewer competitions, and their competitions are more of an educational nature. Based on the analysis of literary sources and experience of advanced trainers-pedagogues, we suggest implementing 6 hours per week in the preparatory first year groups in sports schools, which is based on the motor needs and interests of 5 and 6 year-old boys and girls. The organization of regular training will provide an opportunity to develop motor skills effectively. Besides, it will form “Correct Posture” and enable a smooth transition to the next academic year. All of the mentioned must be implemented by the interrelated complex processes.

Erkek Vücut Geliştirme Sporcularında Vücut Kompozisyonu ile Benlik Saygısı ve Beden İmgesi Arasındaki İlişki

Being in optimal body composition is an important factor in athletes due to factors such as health, performance and success of athletes. In general, lean body mass is considered an indicator of muscle fitness and is a performance-related factor. Bodybuilding is a branch of sports that aims to increase the strength and volume of the muscles and is mostly done by men. After a while, the training goals can move towards body images that cannot be achieved under normal conditions. In this review, it is aimed to examine the relationship between body composition, self-esteem and body image on male bodybuilders. Recent studies have shown an increased interest in the relationship between body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and body image. It is seen that there is a negative relationship between self-esteem and body image in individuals with body dissatisfaction. Approaches that change one's self-esteem and body image can lead to positive results in a treatment that will provide an approach to body dissatisfaction. More work is needed on this subject.

Training drills in high performance badminton-effects of interval duration on internal and external loads.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of interval duration on training loads and technical skill performance in high performance badminton drills. Methods: On three experimental days, 19 internationally ranked players (13 male: 22.7 ± 3.8years, 180 ± 6cm, 71.5 ± 6.1kg; 6 females: 20.4 ± 2.5years, 168 ± 4cm, 59.8 ± 6.0kg) completed one of three protocols (T10, T30, and T50) of a typical badminton specific drill, the so-called "Multifeeding" (the coach feeds shuttlecock without break in a random order) in a counterbalanced order. The protocols varied in interval duration (10, 30, and 50s) but were matched for the rally-to-rest-ratio (1:1) and active playing time (600s). Cardiorespiratory responses (portable spirometry, chest belt), energy metabolism (levels of blood lactate, La), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), player's kinematics (Local Positioning System), and technical skill performance (video analysis) were measured. Results: Average oxygen consumption (T10 45 ± 6; T30 46 ± 7; T50 44 ± 6mLmin-1·kg-1), Energy expenditure (886 ± 209; 919 ± 176; 870 ± 206kcalh-1), heart rate (164 ± 13; 165 ± 11; 165 ± 10bpm) and RPE (16 ± 2; 17 ± 2; 17 ± 2) did not differ between the protocols. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and La significantly increased depending on interval duration (RER: 0.90 ± 0.05; 0.93 ± 0.03; 0.96 ± 0.04 and La: 3.6 ± 2.0; 5.6 ± 3.0; 7.3 ± 2.3mmoll-1). Stroke frequency (SF; 0.58 ± 0.05; 0.57 ± 0.05; 0.55 ± 0.06 strokes·s-1) was similar while distance covered, and average running velocity were significantly lower for T50 compared to T10 (76 ± 17; 70 ± 13; 65 ± 11mmin-1). Moreover, jump frequency in T30 was higher than in T10 (6.7 ± 3.1; 8.8 ± 3.8; 8.5 ± 4.2 jumps·min-1), whereas differences in internal and external loads were not associated with changes in stroke precision (errors: 16 ± 6; 19 ± 4; 18 ± 4%; accuracy: 22 ± 6; 24 ± 8; 23 ± 8%). Conclusion: Anaerobic metabolic stimulus increases while running distance and velocity decrease, in case of longer interval durations. Even though there was no impact on stroke precision, extending the intervals beyond 30s might impair external training load and skill performance. Consequently, interval duration should be defined carefully depending on the training goals.

Influence of Training, Work Discipline, and Motivation on Organizational Performance (A Case Study of Members of Samsat, The West Jakarta Regional Police)

This study aims to analyze the effect of training, work discipline, through motivation on the performance of members of Samsat, the West Jakarta area. With the results of the data obtained that happened to members of the West Jakarta’s Samsat, namely that training goals and objectives were still not achieved, there was still a lack of work discipline, a lack of motivation to prioritize office work which caused delays in completing assignments, performance results that did not meet the target expected by the agency with complaints from the public. The sampling collection technique used was purposive sampling method where the sampling was taken from the largest population, namely 77 members of the police. The data analysis used was path analysis. The conclusion from this study is that training, work discipline, and motivation directly affect member performance, but indirectly motivation has a greater effect on the performance of West Jakarta’s Samsat members. This shows that work motivation is an intervening variable then it can shape the performance desired by the agency.

Analysis on the construction of an integrated system for ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the new era

In the work of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, building an integrated work system is the requirement of the development of the times, and it is also an inevitable choice for the continuous development of ideological and political education with the times. An integrated work system requires that all links and elements of ideological and political education be closely connected, coordinated, and orderly to form an organic and unified whole, so as to realize the mutual promotion of the educational process and effect. Building an integrated system for ideological and political education in colleges and universities is conducive to promoting the consistency of ideological and political education in colleges and universities with the goal of talent training, realizing the organic unity of the content and methods of ideological and political education, and promoting the continuous improvement of the quality of talent training.

中国应用型本科高校法学教育内涵式发展路径探析

Chinese applied undergraduate universities are the main body of cultivating socialist legal talents and play an important role in the law education system. However, due to the failure to export legal talents needed by society, the employment of law graduates has been depressed, and the contradiction between supply and demand of talents has existed for a long time. In recent years, law education has shifted from expanding the scale to improving the quality, and it has become a consensus to take the road of connotative development. Application-oriented undergraduate law majors should avoid homogeneity in the connotative development, locate their positions according to the economic and social development of the region where the universities are located, highlight the training direction of application-oriented and compound legal talents, and reform practical courses to build a team of teachers integrating knowledge and practice to achieve the goal of talent training.

Exploration and Reflection on the Training Model of Customer Service Talents in Higher Vocational Education in the Digital Era

Purpose - Higher vocational colleges need to promote the reform of customer service talent training mode to adapt to the new requirements of the digital age and train customer service talents that meet the needs of enterprises. Therefore, the training mode of customer service talents in higher vocational colleges is studied.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on the basic theory of innovation and development, this paper studies the problems existing in the training of customer service talents in higher vocational colleges: there is a gap between the standards of school talent training and the needs of enterprises; The application ability of digital technology of higher vocational college graduates is insufficient; The community consciousness of both sides of school-enterprise cooperation is weak, so we put forward the path of talent training.
 Findings - This paper integrates digital skills into the goal of talent training, Build a customer service digital knowledge system according to customer service positions; To build a double-qualified teaching staff; Deepen the deep integration of production and teaching, optimize the practice of digital curriculum; University-enterprise joint development of industry-university-research cooperation platform and other paths to promote innovation and reform of customer service talent training model.
 Research Implications - The research of this paper is of great significance to reform the training mode of higher vocational customer service talents in the digital era. Also, it provides reference for the follow-up research of other scholars

DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL PROJECT TEAMS

With the emergence of globalization, the business models have been completely transformed. A growing number of businesses are operating globally giving rise to diverse multicultural teams. Nevertheless, cultural differences have undermined the efficiency and decision-making of the international project teams as there is more cultural diversity in the teams than ever before. Hence, it has become imperative for the organizations to take cultural diversity into consideration. Prominent cultural studies postulate that having diverse teams in the organizations can have both challenges and opportunities, yet it lacks emphasis of cultural understanding in project management. Moreover, digitization of business operations have moved organizations towards more specialized roles instead of traditional roles. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of team dynamics, their cultural backgrounds, values, and beliefs. It also emphasizes project team development to adopt increased empathetic attitude and emotional intelligence. The research has employed qualitative data retrieved from questionnaires and interviews. A project group development model is proposed aimed at avoiding conflicts arising due to lack of cultural understanding .The findings show that multicultural project groups will experience conflicts caused by cultural differences. Therefore, cultural understanding is vital for group members before they start working together as a group. In addition, cultural training, effective communication, teambuilding exercises and well-defined project goals are important determinants in avoiding team conflicts. Furthermore, project management methodologies should also address cultural aspects of project groups in addition to technical details as present studies lack any cultural advice.

The Relationship Between the Force Production in the Isometric Squat and Bench Press Exercises and the Lower and Upper Body Anaerobic Power Parameters

The primary aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the muscular force in the isometric bench press and squat movements and the Wingate anaerobic test (WanT) results for the upper and lower body. Secondary purpose was to investigate possible correlations between the WanT and the explosive isometric force. Eighteen healthy male volunteer athletes (age: 23.37 ± 1.65, height: 178.37 ± 5.67, body mass; 76.69 ± 3.73) with at least 2 years of strength training participated in the study. During the two test sessions, one-repetition maximum (1-RM), isometric squat and isometric bench press tests and anaerobic power tests with Wingate anaerobic power and arm ergometer were performed. Results of the study showed a high degree of correlation between isometric squat (Squatiso) and lower body Peak Power and Average Power (r (14) = 0.766, p < 0.001 and r (14) = 0.690, p < 0.003 respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between Squatiso and Fatigue Index (FI) (p > 0.05). In isometric bench press, there was also a high level of correlation between upper body peak power and average power (r (14) = 0.620, p < 0.01 and r (14) = 0.749, p < 0.001 respectively). These data can be used to classify the power capabilities of the athletes and determining the training loads to be used in achieving the training goals. In addition, periodic measurements of the maximum power and strength performances of the athletes with field tests and laboratory test batteries according to the characteristics of the sports branch can also provide significant contributions to the coaches and researchers.

Application of BIM + Virtual Simulation Technology in Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization Course

We focus on the goal of undergraduate talent training, consider the course features of Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization, analyze the problems existing in the practical teaching of the course, use the advantages of BIM + virtual simulation technology, design a scientific and reasonable practical teaching content of Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization, and address the contrast between the strong practical aspect of the traditional Road Engineering Construction Technology and Organization course and the lack of practical instruments in hope to improve students’ learning autonomy, enhance the quality of practical teaching, achieve the training objectives of the course, and nurture applied technical talents.

Preliminary Study on the Open Course Design of Geoscience 3D Printing Laboratory in the context of Digital China

Talents with digital knowledge structure and practical ability are the "main force" to realize the construction of digital China. As the core element of subject education, the course is the specific form and effective grasp to achieve the goal of talent training. Based on this, this paper explores the design of the open course of the Geo-science 3D printing laboratory. This course allows students to immerge in the process of solving scientific research problems by integrating the current cutting-edge information technology with their major, and accumulate the knowledge, energy and practical skills needed to participate in the construction of digital China after graduation.

Influence of Training, Work Discipline, and Motivation on Organizational Performance (A Case Study of Members of Samsat, The West Jakarta Regional Police)

<p>This study aims to analyze the effect of training, work discipline, through motivation on the performance of members of <em>Samsat</em>, the West Jakarta area. With the results of the data obtained that happened to members of the West Jakarta’s <em>Samsat</em>, namely that training goals and objectives were still not achieved, there was still a lack of work discipline, a lack of motivation to prioritize office work which caused delays in completing assignments, performance results that did not meet the target expected by the agency with complaints from the public. The sampling collection technique used was purposive sampling method where the sampling was taken from the largest population, namely 77 members of the police. The data analysis used was path analysis. The conclusion from this study is that training, work discipline, and motivation directly affect member performance, but indirectly motivation has a greater effect on the performance of West Jakarta’s <em>Samsat</em> members. This shows that work motivation is an intervening variable then it can shape the performance desired by the agency.</p>

Enhancing effectiveness of online training program through assessment of participant engagement index

PurposeThis study focuses on the identification of key attributes to measure participant engagement in an online training program (OTP) to improve training effectiveness through active and positive learning engagement with learners learning ownership.Design/methodology/approachAs a qualitative study, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with corporate and L&D (learning and development) experts from multinational companies operating in India. The interviews were transcribed, and the data was analyzed using content analysis. One focused group discussion was conducted for validity.FindingsThe study found six factors for developing the participant engagement index (EI) namely, 1. Quality of questions, 2. Attention to details, 3. Quality of output during training activities, 4. Connecting to practical examples, 5. Professional approach (adhering to guidelines), 6. Team dynamics. Each identified attribute pertaining to these factors was further validated into cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement components forming a part of the EI.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights for HRD managers, functional managers, L&D experts, and participants to leverage engagement measurement attributes for collaborative learning in OTP for effective learner ownership and learning outcomes. Further, this study will assist trainers to focus and prioritize their efforts to increase participant involvement and engagement in OTP.Originality/valueIt contributes to the growing field of virtual training for enhancing learning engagement, learning enhancement, and learner accountability. The author's contribution to this study is to evaluate the key attributes of the participant’s EI for meeting training goals, which is unique to the study

Current Implementation Outcomes of Digital Surgical Simulation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Scoping Review

Background Digital surgical simulation and telecommunication provides an attractive option for improving surgical skills, widening access to training, and improving patient outcomes; however, it is unclear whether sufficient simulations and telecommunications are accessible, effective, or feasible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective This study aims to determine which types of surgical simulation tools have been most widely used in LMICs, how surgical simulation technology is being implemented, and what the outcomes of these efforts have been. We also offer recommendations for the future development of digital surgical simulation implementation in LMICs. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials to look for qualitative studies in published literature discussing implementation and outcomes of surgical simulation training in LMICs. Eligible papers involved surgical trainees or practitioners who were based in LMICs. Papers that include allied health care professionals involved in task sharing were excluded. We focused specifically on digital surgical innovations and excluded flipped classroom models and 3D models. Implementation outcome had to be reported according to Proctor’s taxonomy. Results This scoping review examined the outcomes of digital surgical simulation implementation in LMICs for 7 papers. The majority of participants were medical students and residents who were identified as male. Participants rated surgical simulators and telecommunications devices highly for acceptability and usefulness, and they believed that the simulators increased their anatomical and procedural knowledge. However, limitations such as image distortion, excessive light exposure, and video stream latency were frequently reported. Depending on the product, the implementation cost varied between US $25 and US $6990. Penetration and sustainability are understudied implementation outcomes, as all papers lacked long-term monitoring of the digital surgical simulations. Most authors are from high-income countries, suggesting that innovations are being proposed without a clear understanding of how they can be incorporated into surgeons’ practical training. Overall, the study indicates that digital surgical simulation is a promising tool for medical education in LMICs; however, additional research is required to address some of the limitations in order to achieve successful implementation, unless scaling efforts prove futile. Conclusions This study indicates that digital surgical simulation is a promising tool for medical education in LMICs, but further research is necessary to address some of the limitations and ensure successful implementation. We urge more consistent reporting and understanding of implementation of science approaches in the development of digital surgical tools, as this is the critical factor that will determine whether we are able to meet the 2030 goals for surgical training in LMICs. Sustainability of implemented digital surgical tools is a pain point that must be focused on if we are to deliver digital surgical simulation tools to the populations that demand them the most.

Model Construction of Education Community for Foreign Language Major: A “Great Ideological and Political Courses” Perspective

“Great Ideological and Political Courses” conforms to the goal of talent training in the new era, which is the practical innovation of reforming ideological and political education in universities. At present, the problems of foreign language courses with ideological-political elements in universities are (1) loose cooperation between professional teachers and ideological and political workers, and (2) disconnected goals between teaching and educating students. In this study, the model of education community can help solve these problems, and is constructed from the perspectives of the coordination between professional teachers and ideological and political workers, the formulation of macro-cultivation scheme, and the complementary between professional and extracurricular classes, which will be applied to all aspects of foreign language education at university level, so as to promote the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in all courses (IPTTIAC).

Peran Pelatihan Konvensional dalam Pengembangan Organisasi dan Dunia Industri

Training and development is a field related to organizational activities aimed at improving individual and group performance in an organizational environment. As a joint role commonly known as human resource development (HRM), namely developing human resources to remain competitive. Training focuses on taking actions to develop employees for their current jobs and development that prepares employees to take on future roles and responsibilities. It makes the analysis that the goal of training and development is for innovative learning organizations to ensure that employees, through added value, are able to do their job effectively, get results, gain competitive advantage and seek personal growth. Measurable performance due to good training and development will increase organizational growth. This process is called transferring information and knowledge to the employer. This enables employers to put this information and knowledge into practice with the aim of increasing organizational efficiency and growth, and the quality of human resource management should be considered alongside educational policies and systems so important to human capital development.

Improve individual fairness in federated learning via adversarial training

Federated learning (FL) has been widely investigated these years. Since FL will be universally applied in the real world, the fairness issue involved is worthy of attention, while there are few relevant studies. Unlike previous work on group fairness in FL or fairness in centralized machine learning, this paper firstly considers both privacy and individual fairness and proposes promoting individual fairness in FL through distributionally adversarial training without violating data privacy. Specifically, we assume a model satisfying individual fairness as one robust to certain sensitive perturbations, which aligns with the goal of adversarial training. Then we transform the task of training an individually fair FL model into an adversarial training task. To obey the FL requirement of keeping data on clients privately, we execute the adversarial training task on the client side distributionally. Extensive experimental results on two real datasets collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, which not only improves individual fairness significantly but improves group fairness at the same time.

Influence of jump height on the game efficiency in elite volleyball players

The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the jump height measured during the serve, attack and block on their effectiveness. The analysis of the literature and observations lead to the hypothesis that despite the similarities in men's and women's volleyball, the nature of the way of playing between women and men differs. The observation covered 39 male and 24 female elite volleyball players. We used a proprietary software tool, namely OpenCV to assess the jump height library. The analysis was performed on the jump serve height (SJH), attack jump height (AJH), and block jump height (BJH). The following analysis was performed to confirm the differences in the height of the jump and partially confirm the hypothesis. The main difference between men's and women's volleyball is how the serve, attack and block jump height affect winning or losing match sets. In male volleyball players, there is a decrease in the parameters of SJH, AJH and BJH in subsequent sets of matches, while in female volleyball players this relationship is reversed. For men, it seems reasonable to strive to increase the height of a jump to maximize effective offensive actions, as well as to maintain the developed performance throughout a match. In women's volleyball, it is worth using such training measures that allow players would achieve their maximum jumping abilities from the first set, and the main training goal should be focused on the technique and tactics of the whole team.

SOCIAL CONTEXT OF FORMATION HEALTH-SAVING COMPETENCE OF FUTURE BACHELORS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

The article on the basis of theoretical analysis of the issue under investigation is defined different approaches to the hierarchy goals of professional training of future bachelors of physical therapy in higher education institutions. These include social goals, general and theoretical goals of professional education; goals of studying certain professional or special disciplines; goals of studying additional courses; goals of particular sections and topics; goals of particular training sessions. Considering the social context of the organization professional training of future bachelors of physical therapy in higher education institutions are identified and characterized by five leading conceptual provisions on the formation of health-saving competence to the future bachelors of physical therapy as a pedagogical system. The article highlights and characterizes the requirements for the readiness of the teachers of higher education institutions for the implementation of quality professional training of future bachelors of physical therapy directed at the formation of their health-saving competence: formed professional, general cultural, and humanitarian, civil and social, information and communication competence, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. In the article is established that the function of the health-saving environment in higher education institutions is the formation of the health-saving competence in future bachelors of physical therapy in combination with didactic, educational, stimulating, and psychological functions. The paper establishes that it is the social context for the formation of health-saving competence is a certain indicator of the processes of socialization in future bachelor of physical therapy in higher education institutions.

Innovation and Practice of Values Education Through Curriculum in the Course of Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves

Values education through curriculum is popular in current Chinese higher education and plays an important role in the training of new engineering talents. For the Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves course, there are problems needed to be solved, such as unclear selection mechanism of values or ideological and political elements and cases, and the gap between the fixed knowledge system of classical electromagnetism and the rapid development of telecommunication technology. In this paper, the clear construction and implementation methods of values education through curriculum in this course are proposed, and the value education elements and cases are selected according to both of the actual needs of the country and social and technological development. Through the reconstruction, expansion and modularization of course content, a blended online and offline teaching method is adopted in the class of Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves to achieve deep integration of theory, technology, and values education. The cultivation of students' knowledge, ability, innovation, and value are emphasized in the whole teaching and learning process. Since the implementation of the values education through curriculum, the achievement of student training goals has been significantly improved, promoting the implementation of teaching reform. The mode and experiences of innovation and practice of values education through curriculum in this course is potential to promote to relevant majors nationwide.