Global System For Mobile Communications Research Articles

Advancement of microcontroller-based fire suppression system for enhanced safety in sugar cane plantations

The occurrence of accidental fires in sugarcane plantations is a significant cause of pre-harvest loss in the sugar industry, particularly during arid seasons. This paper introduces the conceptualization and implementation of a microcontroller-based prototype system for mitigating accidental fires in sugar cane plantations. The proposed system encompasses two distinct subsystems: the field monitoring and the fire control unit. The Field monitoring system, deployed within the sugarcane field, assumes responsibility for fire detection via smoke detectors, infrared detectors, as well as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide detectors, which are accompanied by a fire extinguishing mechanism. Conversely, the fire control unit, installed at the fire brigade office, establishes wireless communication with the field monitoring system through the global system for mobile communication (GSM) network. Upon detecting a fire, the microcontroller promptly dispatches a fire alert to the fire brigade while simultaneously activating water pumps to suppress the fire until the brigade arrives to fully extinguish it. Furthermore, the fire control unit triggers the fire alarm and exhibits the global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of the burning field to facilitate precise localization. The proposed system uses the Arduino-Mega and Arduino- Leonardo microcontroller platforms and is programmed using the C++ programming language in Visual-Studio-Code software and the Arduino integrated development environment. Designed prototype can detect fires and alert the fire brigade in less than twenty seconds and activate water pumps in less than one second after fire detection.

Comparative Analysis for Radio Channel Propagation Models in the City of Tripoli/ Libya for 4G/LTE Networks

The accurate prediction of radio channel propagation is one of the most important factors for the design and optimization of wireless communication systems. Path loss is the key element to design appropriate propagation model. There are different propagation models used to predict path loss, however, inaccurate propagation model may result in unsatisfactory services for the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network. These include low data rates, high co-channel interference, and wasted received power.This paper presents a comparative analysis of radio channel propagation models specifically for urban environment. The aim is to evaluate and compare the performance of various models and accurately predict path loss and signal behavior in urban settings. The research focuses on adapting the Okumura-Hata model which is used by the Libya Telecom and Technology Company (LTT) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology in the GSM Band. This study is based on real time measurements collected in downtown Tripoli in Libya. It suggests considering other models, such as Standard Propagation Model (SPM), Cost-231, and Ericsson. Using MATLAB for simulation, the findings indicate that SPM model is the best fit especially when distance is over ~22 Km.

Ego-Identity as Determinants of University- Community Preference for GSM Service Providers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) operation has grown very rapidly to become a highly competitive business in the country. The popular network providers in Nigeria are MTN, Globacom (Glo), Airtel and Etisalat now 9mobile. The study investigated the strength of Ego-identity as determinants of university-community preference for GSM service providers in Ondo State, Nigeria. One research question and one hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 38,631 undergraduate students, teaching and non-teaching staff of the four universities who were subscribers to the different service providers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Ten percent of the population was sampled, 3,865. Guttman split-half method was used for reliability of the study with r-value of Ego Identity, 0.783. Questionnaires were properly filled and used for analysis. The research questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, standard deviation and percentage. The hypotheses were tested using Discriminant Function Analysis at .05 level of significance. The results showed that ego identity (Wilks Lambda 0.583 F (3,861) 918.709 P<0, 05) classifying 28.2% of respondent’s preferences. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the network providers should train and retrain their staff on how to rendered satisfactory services to their customers. The university community should endeavor to subscribe to the network that have high quality in order to ensure effectiveness and efficiency of its members

Watercraft tracking and monitoring system towards safe and resilient marine communication systems

In this research, Sea-condition Emergency Alert and Warning Apparatus for Vessel Safety (SEAWAVES) is a watercraft tracking and monitoring system developed and deployed to monitor watercraft and sea conditions to provide a safer and more resilient marine communication system. The proposed method puts together an application of contemporary technology using the fused location provider Application Programming Interface (API) to retrieve the device’s current location. In addition to managing the underlying location technologies, like Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wi-Fi, the fused location provider offers a straightforward API that you may use to specify the desired level of service. The work includes calibrating the compass, GPS, and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) for watercraft tracking and monitoring using Android sensors of mobile phones. The GPS provides the present site of the watercraft; General packet radio service (GPRS) sends the tracking information to the server and thus an alert message generated is transmitted to the registered monitoring systems. This scheme is deployed in the watercraft to monitor location and sea conditions, which are to be determined on the web page and supervised in real-time. Hence, if the watercraft is at a critical level, alert messages will be sent to the monitoring system, and the registered mobile phone number of the watercraft. Also a warning display and sound are produced by the device. The SEAWAVES tracking and monitoring system could be recommended for use onboard a watercraft throughout the country for effective management and monitoring of the performance of such watercraft, and low-cost instrumentation as a stand-alone system through modern technologies.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Peringatan Dini Bencana Banjir Di Kabupaten Madiun Berbasis Website Dan SMS Gateway Menggunakan Mikrokontroller Arduino

Madiun Regency is one of the districts on the island of Java, precisely in the province of East Java. Based on research from the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation (PVMBG), Madiun City has several potential disasters, one of which is flooding with a high category. This is because Madiun Regency has two streams, namely Kali Sono and Kali Piring which head up on the slopes of Mount Wilis, Madiun Regency. Both times it ended in the Jerohan River in the Balerejo District, Madiun Regency which is a tributary of the Bengawan Madiun River. When heavy rains fell, parts of Madiun City were immediately inundated by flood waters. To anticipate floods, this research proposes a prototype design of a flood disaster early warning system using multiple sensors based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) in Madiun Regency. Which in the design uses the waterfall and Arduino methods. The prototype built is able to provide early warning information. The data that has been taken can be displayed on the web which functions as a monitoring system, so that officers can carry out supervision more easily and take action when the situation is dangerous. With the prototype and the system made, it is expected to be able to minimize losses caused by floods.

Design and Fabrication of Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System Based on Global System for Mobile Communication and Bluetooth

Greenhouse technology should be embraced as a way of minimizing food insecurity in Kenya. Greenhouses have attempted to solve this problem by enclosing crops in a climatically controlled environment. In the past, greenhouses utilized electromechanical devices such as thermostats to monitor and control the greenhouse environment. Mechanical systems lack the flexibility and precision required for greenhouse control. Some modern greenhouses use computers -based controllers, which are station- based, bulky and costly. In this study a wireless prototype greenhouse monitoring and control system that is flexible, cheap, easy to maintain and easy to assemble was developed and implemented. The hardware consisted of ATmega328 microcontroller, Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) SIM800L module, HC05 Bluetooth module, HD44780U Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module, 5 volts 4 channel relay module, Light dependent resistor (LDR) sensor and digital humidity and temperature (DHT11) sensor. The DHT11 and LDR sensors, the relay, the LCD, the GSM and the Bluetooth modules were interfaced to the ATmega328 microcontroller, through Arduino software, a program was written in C language, developed and uploaded to the ATmega328 microcontroller to run the greenhouse prototype. The designed prototype system is able to measure temperature, humidity, and light illuminance levels in the prototype greenhouse and display the values on the LCD. The system also transmits the measured values to owner’s phone via Bluetooth or GSM and keeps these parameters at optimum levels by use of two fans, a heater, a bulb and a sprinkler. From results, when the actuators were on, the average internal temperature was 24.5 ºC while the average external temperature was 31.43 ºC. The average temperature control effect and cooling efficiency per hour for the designed prototype were 6.9 ºC and 75.9%, respectively. At stable cooling state, the maximum cooling efficiency was 78%. This project therefore provides a cost effective and efficient means of monitoring and controlling greenhouse parameters. In addition, the system allows mobility during monitoring and control process. The agricultural sector in Kenya, can apply the designed prototype in the design and implementation of greenhouses.

Derangement of metabolic homeostasis, detoxifying ability and CA 15-3 in young adult female rats by fructose (15%) drinking is akin to known carcinogens: A missed fiend?

Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) has been the bane of peri-and post-menopausal women, but is now increasingly incident in adolescent/young adult (AYA) females. Pari-passu, there has been a >1000% increase in consumption of fructose as a caloric sweetener in soft drinks, whose top consumers are AYAs. The link between fructose consumption and mammary gland (MG) carcinogenesis is not well-established and the same is investigated and compared against known carcinogens such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone (EMF-MP). Materials and Methods: Weaned female Wistar rats were randomly grouped as normal control (NOR), fructose control (FRC), DMBA control (DMC), and exposure control (EXC). For 8 weeks, the NOR was provided chow and water, ad libitum, while FRC, DMC, and EXC additionally received 15% fructose drinking solution, ad libitum, DMBA (20 mg/Kg, p.o; at weaning) and EMF-MP (Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM]), 2 h/day daily), respectively. At the end of the study, the groups were compared for the biomarkers of insulin resistance (IR), carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, liver function, cardiometabolic function, oxidative stress, and MG carcinogenesis. Results: The serum markers of MG carcinogenesis (CA 15–3), IR (homeostasis model assessment-IR, area under the curve – oral glucose tolerance test), and liver and cardiometabolic function (serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase and homocysteine) were significantly raised (P < 0.05) in FRC versus NOR. The metabolic homeostasis (leptin, ghrelin, triglyceride-Glucose index, glucose-6-phosphatase, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and glycogen) and detoxifying ability (free-radical scavenging activity [%] and superoxide dismutase) in FRC were not different from DMC, or EXC. Conclusion: The development of early indicators of MG carcinogenesis due to unhindered fructose drinking by AYA female rats is akin to exposure to DMBA or EMF-MPs that evidence the propensity of the former.

Child tracking system using smartphone

The number of missing children and kidnapping is on the rise in recent years. Every parent wills definitely going through an agonizing experience to have their children missing. Therefore, there are many safety measurements to prevent this incident from happening. The help of modern technologies is one of the ways to reduce children missing and kidnapping. A child can be tracked by using the global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM) technology. Advanced child monitoring systems are expensive. Not all families have the same living standards. For this purpose, a low-cost child tracking system is proposed in this study. The implementation of the proposed approach is reported in real-time.

A smart device of data acquisition with emergency safety features for laboratory furnaces

Laboratory furnaces or ovens are found in scientific, forensic, medicinal, and material processing labs. They provide precise temperature control and homogenous heating for samples in industrial and research applications but cannot measure the sample's interior temperature and most of them do not have the facility to store temperature data. Moreover, a furnace cannot promptly shut off if a sample or the furnace catches fire due to overheating or an electrical failure. To solve these problems, in this work, an intelligent, automated add-on device with wireless monitoring and emergency safety features to use with any commercial furnace or oven is presented. The device can individually measure furnace and sample temperatures at the same time using a two-channel K-type thermocouple unit. The system can store the real-time temperature data generated by the thermocouples, display it on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and give the facility to observe this real-time data from anywhere within an area of 800–1000-m radius using the portable wireless monitor device without the need for Wi-Fi or internet. Additionally, the device can quickly detect fire or overheating, immediately cuts the power automatically, activates a loud alarm and dials the user's phone itself using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology to warn them.

A GSM-Based Intelligent Monitoring System for Improving Robotics Laboratory Safety

Incorporating industrial robots into current robotics curricula has become a key component for engineering and technology programs. Recently, Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America donated a Kawasaki ZB150S industrial robot to the Engineering Technology Programs at Northern Kentucky University. The entire Kawasaki industrial robot system was installed in a safeguard cage; however, the safeguard cage was not always able to prevent unauthorized students from coming into the working area of the robot. The lab manager/staff expressed an urgent need for a smart tool that could monitor occurrences of unauthorized operating conditions to help them improve laboratory safety. Thus, a Global System for Mobile (GSM)-based intelligent monitoring system has been designed and developed to provide a safe robotics lab operating environment for students. This intelligent monitoring system was divided into two subsystems: one was the Embedded Laboratory Environmental Monitoring and Robot Power Control (ELEMRPC) subsystem; the other was the GSM communication subsystem. The ELEMRPC subsystem received the presence-sensing signals from the light curtains at the cage entrance and disarmed the power supply of the robot when unauthorized students were detected. Additionally, the lab environmental parameters were monitored. The GSM subsystem wirelessly transmitted text messages (e.g., lab safety information) to designated cellular phones. These text notifications can alert lab manager/staff immediately to prevent potential accidents within the footprint of the robot safety cage. This paper discusses in greater detail the design, development, and hardware implementation of the robotics laboratory safety monitoring system.

Application System Development of Accident Prevention and Safety Assistance using IoT Application

The number of road accidents in Malaysia shows a steady increment from 2010 to 2019, reported by the Ministry of Transport Malaysia. This project aims to develop a system to prevent an accident by detecting aggressive driving. If an accident occurred, this system would send an alert for an immediate response, which is crucial to reduce the fatality rate. An accelerometer is utilized to detect aggressive driving and accident events. The method to detect aggressive driving is by determining an abrupt change in acceleration. For accident detection, the vehicle tilt angle and acceleration are monitored. An ESP32 SIM800L microcontroller processes the inputs and alert a web-based cloud service and a set phone number by Short Message Service (SMS). The microcontroller is used due to the embedded Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and other wireless communication modules. The small form factor gives an advantage in terms of mounting location flexibility. The alert contains the type of event, time, and location. This report contains the development of the proposed system, which includes the simulation for the system circuit and motion simulation. Accident detection, falls, SMS alerts and online alerts are consistently successful, while aggressive driving detection is inconsistent. Live tracking does not directly work during these detections. In conclusion, this project successfully detects accidents and sends alerts via SMS and internet using a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card.

FSAS: An IoT-Based Security System for Crop Field Storage

Internet of Things abstracts the ability to remotely associate and observe things or objects over the Internet. When it comes to agriculture, this idea has been incorporated to make agriculture-related tasks smart, secure, and automated. Agriculture is vital for economic growth and also for the survival of humans. Farmers living in rural areas of India face a common problem of the theft of equipment like induction motors from small storage houses meant for storing commodities in crop fields. In this study, we present a remote security management framework for monitoring the crop field storage house, known as the farm security alert system (FSAS). FSAS is a small, energy efficient, low cost, and accurate security management system that uses microcontroller-based passive infrared (PIR) sensor and global system for mobile communication (GSM) module to generate an alert to the farm owner if there is an intrusion event at the crop field store. The microcontroller board utilized in the proposed model is the Arduino Uno, and PIR motion sensor is used to recognize the intruder. In addition, FSAS also can be used for monitoring of induction motor by utilizing a similar arrangement of sensors. The sensor signal is transmitted to the cloud whenever the intruder is within the sensing range of the sensor node. Naive Bayes’ prediction model is used to identify the level of encroachment as no (green), mild (yellow), or high (red) threat. The status and the alarms can be received by the farm owners, either on their smartphones as application alerts or as a short message/phone call, at any distance, and independent of whether their cell phones are connected to the Internet.

Design Intelligent Protection System Based Microcontroller

Protecting vaccines and making sure they are still good until they are used is a problem that hurts people, especially in countries that don't have the right facilities to make sure vaccines are still good. This is because vaccines can lose their effectiveness if they are used in places other than where they were made. Whether you're putting something away or moving it, it's best to hold it back. In this project, we're going to build a system that will keep an eye on the COVID-19 vaccine and let people know if a vaccine isn't available because of a problem in the supply chain. The system has a microcontroller called the Arduino UNO, a temperature sensor, a GSM type SIM900, and a GPS device. The vaccine storage is measured by the temperature sensor. Messages are sent and received using GSM, which stands for "Global System for Mobile Communication." Satellites are used with GPS (globe position system) to find out where you are. If the temperature is too high (doesn't meet the criteria for storage), the system sends an SMS message with the location of the vaccine box (latitude and longitude). The location is being looked at on Google Maps.

IoT-Internet of Things in Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems

New technical solutions are beginning to emerge, of which the Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) systems, is a promising new technology growing rapidly in the recent years. Portugal is a good example in Europe with several facilities of this type. For a correct management of these systems, and to have significant data, it is necessary to have a reliable communication system, based on a Global System for Mobile Communications, adequate protocols to communicate and save the data for later analyses. This study aims to develop a climate data acquisition system to be placed next to an FSPV system installed on a farm next to the Douro River. This system is installed in a box over the water surface. To allow comparison of temperature variations over the water surface with the temperature (offshore) another box with similar sensors is placed on land (onshore). With the data collected by these two systems is possible to compare the temperature data in two boxes, installed in these different locations, to analyse the influence of the water mirror on the photovoltaic cell efficiency.

Accident Detection and Alert System Using IoT

Accidents have recently emerged as a major source of concern for humans. Due to a lack of information about the location, magnitude of the accident (or) other issues, some victims cannot be rescued by the response team, which may be an ambulance or police. Many technologies were developed, however they were unable to overcome the problem. However, this project will provide clarification on how to overcome this hurdle. A central system is employed in this project, to which a vibrator sensor, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), and GPS modules are attached. To prevent detecting errors, numerous sensors are strategically distributed throughout the vehicle. After an accident takes place the vibrator sensor becomes active, and GPS (Global Positioning System) is engaged with the assistance of the central system GSM ( Global System for Mobiles ). Immediately, alert messages will be handed down to the response teams, outlining the live location and severity of the accident

Self‐Powered Position Monitoring System Based on Insole‐Type Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Bluetooth Beacon

AbstractWith the advancement of internet of things and wireless sensing technology, the need for personnel track and position monitoring are greatly increasing. Commercial global positioning system (GPS) and Global system for mobile communications (GSM) position methods cannot meet the demand for low power consumption and three‐dimensional indoor position monitoring. Herein, a self‐powered position monitoring system (SPMS) based on an insole‐type wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (IW‐TENG) and Bluetooth beacon for human kinetic energy harvesting and sustainable position monitoring is proposed. The SPMS consists of an insole‐type wearable triboelectric nanogenerator, an energy management module (EMM), and a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon module. Benefitting from the multilayers structure, a maximum energy of 120 µJ per step can be harvested by the IW‐TENG with EMM for a typical adult. By every 3–4 steps, SPMS can transmit Bluetooth signals to obtain the location information. A single BLE signal transmission consumes only 136 µJ, and the transmission distance can reach 100 m. The SPMS is applied to intelligent attendance in office rooms and shows great prospects in intelligent navigation and trajectory tracking in local area network.

Empowering and conquering infirmity of visually impaired using AI‐technology equipped with object detection and real‐time voice feedback system in healthcare application

AbstractThe Internet of Things is emerging as a crucial technology in aiding humans and making their lives easier. Among the human population, a large percentage of people suffer from disabilities resulting in challenges in everyday life particularly people with visual disabilities. While several inventions exist to aid people with blindness in their everyday lives, the tools are not adequate in terms of accessibility and efficiency. Smart cane is a useful technology that is being researched and developed to enhance navigation of the visually impaired through smart obstacle detection. Moreover, artificial intelligence is being incorporated in these devices to provide users with a sense of vision and allow them greater independence. However, these devices are expensive and often do not contain the desired functionality in a compact single device. The research by I‐CANe aims to create a low‐cost, single device system that is equipped with obstacle detection and identification features to enhance navigation for users without using multiple detection devices. The cane will also incorporate wireless communications for safety features such as Global Positioning System tracking and Global System for Mobile communication to allow maximum independence of the user.

Extending 5G to Narrow Spectrum Allocations

5G New Radio (NR) has been a great success story since its introduction. It offers high reliability, low communication latency, flexibility, and efficiency that further enable 5G networks to be used for mission critical applications. Currently, there are specialized networks serving industry verticals that would benefit from the NR properties. Key use cases include communications for critical infrastructure such as railways, public safety, and smart energy and infrastructure. These networks often use dedicated spectrum allocations that are narrower than the original minimum operating bandwidth of NR. In this paper, we describe how new flexibility is being introduced into the NR design to allow operation with bandwidths between about 3 and 5 MHz. As a use case study, we focus on railway communications, and study the co-existence of the Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R) and Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) based on NR during the decade-long migration period. We discuss the changes required for the NR control channels and signaling and study the effect of the changes on the system performance.

An Automatic Driver’s Drowsiness Alert System

Abstract: The Automatic Driver's Drowsiness Alert System (ADDAS) using a PIC microcontroller is a technological solution that aims to prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving. This system uses a combination of sensors and algorithms to detect the driver's level of alertness and sends a warning when the driver is experiencing drowsiness or fatigue. The system is based on a PIC microcontroller that processes the data obtained from the sensors, which include an eyeblink sensor, a temperature sensor, a Heartbeat sensor, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module and GPS (Global Positioning System). The eyeblink sensor monitors the driver's eye movements, the temperature sensor measures the driver's temperature, heartbeat sensor measures the pulse rate of driver, alcohol sensor measures alcohol intake of driver. The data is processed using an algorithm that analyses the driver's behaviour and physiological parameters to determine the level of alertness. If the driver is found to be drowsy or fatigued, the system sends a warning to alert the driver, such as an audible alarm. This system is efficient, reliable, and cost-effective, making it an ideal solution for preventing accidents caused by drowsy driving. It promotes safer roads and reduces the risk of fatalities, making it an essential tool for enhancing driver safety

Remote Monitoring and Safety System for Women

Abstract: The escalating risks in contemporary society have made ensuring the protection of women a primary concern. This idea aims to create a real-time safety system with dual functionality by integrating different components to safeguard women. The operating principle entails the interaction of two devices to establish an effective surveillance and tracking system with a suitable alternative. A safety device that fits into a person's baggage is developed for the purpose. The system delivers several notifications to warn individuals with a single trigger of a switch or a vibration sensor, eliminating the need for many other sensors. To begin, the system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the geographical location and delivers SMS/call notifications through Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to register contact numbers or a police station in proximity. Secondly, a buzzer alert will notify residents in the neighbourhood. A red led is a second attempt to awaken the surroundings and highlight the urgency of the issue. Through the live recording, a camera captures the attacker as well as a glimpse of the location, which can be viewed online. Finally, a temporary defense might be implemented by creating a shock wave that causes a jolt to an opponent, this time can be used by the person to escape from the area. The second component of the system encompasses the construction of a patrolling robot that moves in the direction of the sound received from the safety device and then continues live monitoring with a camera mounted on top of it that can be viewed by another segment of responsible people currently employed for the purpose.