Global Digitalization Research Articles

A new approach to developing software projects by assigning teams to projects with interval-valued neutrosophic Z numbers

Software development projects are becoming increasingly important to achieve successful results in the global digitalization trend that has spread throughout the world at the time of the pandemic. The main software development methodologies (SDM) are waterfall and agile. This study investigates the achievement of success methodology through the evaluation of software development projects, personnel under the scope of SDM's. Software projects require strong human resources to be successful in terms of on-time completion and success. For software projects that include the human component, it is important to make project team SDM assignments more meaningful and accurate. The power of linguistic variables and the use of expert ratings in such assignments have been the focus of this paper. The reason for the strong representativeness is the conversion of linguistic variables to mathematical fuzzification, Interval Valued Neutrosophic Z-Numbers (NZN) are used to determine which SDM should be used first in projects. The results of the NZN are then incorporated into the NZN-Area model. This replaces the distance measurement equation used to rank alternatives with an area calculation. The NZN-Area Model is the new proposed form of the model. The NZN-Area model produced 22% better results in terms of defect numbers and 25% better results in terms of defect resolution time compared to the NZN method. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed by comparing the NZN method and NZN-Area method with real data. The proposed NZN-Area method was found to be more consistent under variable conditions.

The digital economy: Challenges and opportunities in the new era of technology and electronic communications

The digital economy has emerged as an innovative economy that utilizes digital technologies and electronic communication to conduct economic and business activities across a wide range of sectors, including e-commerce, digital marketing, digital financial services, software development, computer games, and cloud services. The use of digital technologies and electronic communication has resulted in a significant shift towards online business interactions, leading to improved user experiences, faster processing, and easier access to services and products. The digital economy is recognized as a primary driver of economic growth and development in many advanced countries and is continually expanding due to its significant impact on economic and business activities. In this research, we aim to examine the digital economy and its impact on businesses and users, evaluating the opportunity for easy and quick access to products and services that lead to increased efficiency and productivity. The digital economy has significant impacts on various economic, social, and cultural fields, including changes in the way people work and interact with each other, promoting more flexible and remote work arrangements, and increasing global connectivity. Additionally, the digital economy has impacted education, healthcare, entertainment, and other sectors. Advances in technology and electronic communication have driven the global economy towards digitization, and the role of the digital economy in advancing global digitalization is critical. Its impact is expected to continue to increase in the coming years.

Information, doubt, and democracy: how digitization spurs democratic decay

ABSTRACT The amount of information available to citizens due to global digitization and new technologies is unprecedented. However, in established democracies where access to alternative sources of information is guaranteed and educational levels are high, we witness a rise in attitudes and actions that threaten democratic foundations. Some citizens succumb to misinformation that has led them down the path of radicalization and violence; others withdraw completely from political life. How do we explain these developments? Building on democratic theory and the concepts of informational learned helplessness and selective exposure, we introduce a theoretical framework that connects digitization and digital technologies to attitudes and behaviour that threaten democracy even before democratic decay manifests. We argue that AI-assisted digital technologies expose societies to an abundance of contradictory information, limit citizens’ ability to assess their trustworthiness, and reinforce the tailored dissemination of misinformation. We present the US and Germany as empirical plausibility probes that show how these features drive some citizens towards informational agnosticism, which results in de-politicization and political apathy. Others might become misbelievers who display negative attitudes towards democracy and/or engage in anti-democratic actions. Our probe offers an initial empirical illustration that provides a basis for further systematic investigations of digital technology’s effects on democracy.

Global Value Chains and Digitalization under Industry 4.0: The Hansen Threshold Regression Model in the Case of Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the vulnerabilities of global value chains (GVCs), leading to discussions on how to enhance their resilience, security, and sustainability through adjustments to Industry 4.0 roadmaps. While some argue that digitization under Industry 4.0 could be a potential solution to make GVCs more resilient, others suggest that it could potentially reverse the trend toward GVCs and favor near-shoring or reshoring. However, empirical research on the impact of digital technologies on GVCs proliferation is lacking. This study addresses this gap by using a panel data set covering 27 African countries from 2005 to 2018 to examine how digitalization under Industry 4.0 affects the participation of African countries in GVCs. The findings reveal that digital infrastructure and skills positively and significantly impact GVCs participation. However, based on the Hansen threshold model, we find that when digital skills are below a certain threshold, digital infrastructure negatively affects both forward and backward linkages to GVCs. Conversely, when digital skills are above the threshold, digital infrastructure has a positive impact only on backward linkages. Nonetheless, digital skills consistently and significantly impact the participation of African countries in GVCs, irrespective of the level of digital infrastructure. As a conclusion, this study highlights the importance of digital infrastructure and skills in shaping the participation of African countries in GVCs, and underscores the need for further research in this area.

Russian-language repository of the open clinical data “SibMED Data Clinical Repository”

The global digitalization has become one of the most significant challenges in the field of medicine and healthcare. The rapid development of digital technologies determines the growing demand for constant access to big data in real time Their use is in need for research and technological projects in the sphere of artificial intelligence technologies development. Siberian State Medical University developed the first Russian-language repository of clinical data “SibMed Data Clinical Repository” (https://dataset.ssmu.ru/). The article describes the structure, functions of the repository, and perspectives of its use.

World experience of effective management of human capital development

In the context of global digitalization, the main resource for ensuring the competitiveness of states is a person. Today, the prevailing opinion in the scientific and public environment is that intellectual capital has a higher price than property capital. The experience of foreign countries in the management of human capital development aroused scientific interest when writing this article. The relevance of the study is due to the need to increase the main criteria for the development of state development strategies at the global level, in particular, the level of innovative and social development, improving the competitiveness of the country’s economy. The purpose of the research work is to identify the relationship between intellectualization, digitalization, economic development and the development of human capital by countries, as well as to determine the role of human capital as a tool for implementing government strategies. The research paper analyzes the world practice of managing the development of human capital on the basis of data presented in current publications of international organizations, in particular the United Nations Development Program for Human Development, the International Monetary Fund, the Imperative of Social Progress, the World Economic Forum, etc., as well as in studies of indexed rating journals.

ALGORITAMSKA INTERMEDIJACIJA I REMODELIRANJE VRIJEDNOSTI ODLUČIVANJA U SISTEMU VISOKOG OBRAZOVANJA / ALGORITHMIC INTERMEDIATION AND REMODELING OF DECISION-MAKING VALUES IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

The paper investigates the effects of digitalization on teaching and educational processes and the possible negative effects that these processes have. For the Sarajevo Canton and the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, digitalization in education has already begun and it is important to fully understand the potential threats it poses. Decision-making processes were a human competence where different programs were used only as a tool to aid the process of reaching the best decisions. Today, algorithms are decision-makers where humans perform tasks of justifying algorithm’s decisions and preventing the upheaval caused by the increasing social inequality caused by algorithmicizing. The main argument is that of higher education without understanding of the underlining algorithmicizing of its processes could consequently lead to social inequality and wrong decisions. On the other hand, the lack of awareness of accelerated digitization can lead to lagging behind in digitization processes and loss of competitiveness in an increasingly global university market. This paper explains algorithmic intermediation and remodeling of decision-making values and points out threats and needs in the higher education. It should serve educational institutions and policy makers as a guideline in the adoption of future strategies on digitization processes in higher education as well as provide the base for future discussions focusing on Global Digitization Trends within the Bosnian and Herzegovinian higher education area and its policies, laws, and strategies with a recommendation for the Digitization Action Plan in higher education in Canton Sarajevo.

IT TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS IN RUSSIA: APPLICATION WITH A DIGITAL INTERACTIVE MAP

IT technologies are currently one of the priority areas for the development of the healthcare sector. In the context of global information and development of the digital economy, digitalization is able to ensure the availability and decent quality of services provided without increasing the cost. The purpose of this study is to study the processes of informatization affecting medical companies and determine the role of information technologies on the base of the applications in health care institutions in Russia. The object of the study is the medical institutions of the healthcare sector, and the subject of study is the information and digital technologies used in the practice of companies. The role of information technologies in the activities of a medical institution is determined on the example of application for distribution of ambulances from a distribution center (DC). Key elements of the digital transformation of healthcare institutions (development of the author of the study) are advised in the article. The use of digital technologies in the practice of managing a medical institution is not an end in itself. The analysis made it possible to make sure that the most important tool for improving the efficiency of management, the implementation of goals and purposes, a means of adaptation in the activities of medical institutions in the context of global informatization and digitalization of the economy is the active use of information and digital technologies.

Инфраструктурное обеспечение цифровой экосистемы туристских и гостиничных услуг

The tourism and hospitality business is undergoing dramatic changes due to the impact of several factors, including the negative impact of the pandemic on tourism and hospitality, the changing geopolitical situation in the world, the sanctions pressure on the Russian economy by unfriendly countries, and the ongoing global digitalization. All this leads to the need to transform many business processes in the tourism and hospitality industry and to change the organizational and technological approaches to doing business. A promising form of organizing economic activity is digital ecosystems, which are actively and successfully developing in many areas in various countries of the world, including our country, which determined the relevance of the study. The main purpose of the article is to present the concept of the formation of a digital ecosystem of tourism and hotel services and its infrastructure support. In the process of research, monographic, statistical, economic-analytical, comparative methods of scientific research were used. The paper substantiates the timeliness and feasibility of creating a national digital ecosystem of tourism and hospitality, shows its advantages, and considers the composition of the infrastructure support for this digital ecosystem. As part of the functioning of the digital ecosystem, enterprises in the tourism and hospitality industry, due to the synergistic effect, ensure the formation of tourist and hotel products with new consumer properties that can satisfy the needs of end users to the maximum extent and create additional value.

A Review of Cuckoo Filters for Privacy Protection and Their Applications

As the global digitalization process continues, information is transformed into data and widely used, while the data are also at risk of serious privacy breaches. The Cuckoo filter is a data structure based on the Cuckoo hash. It encrypts data when it is used and can achieve privacy protection to a certain extent. The Cuckoo filter is an alternative to the Bloom filter, with advantages such as support for deleting elements and efficient space utilization. Cuckoo filters are widely used and developed in the fields of network engineering, storage systems, databases, file systems, distributed systems, etc., because they are often used to solve collection element query problems. In recent years, many variants of the Cuckoo filter have emerged based on ideas such as improving the structure and introducing new technologies in order to accommodate a variety of different scenarios, as well as a huge collection. With the development of the times, the improvement of the structure and operation logic of the Cuckoo filter itself has become an important direction for the research of aggregate element query.

Legal regulation of IT companies’ functioning in performing tax control (domestic and foreign experience)

The paper examines the peculiarities of taxation of IT technology services in Ukraine. The introduction of digital technologies in the field of taxation today is due to the need to simplify the process of processing tax information, reduce the corruption need to improve the quality of services, improve the quality of planning and forecasting the development of the fiscal system and the national economy as a whole. Digitalization can play a key role in helping tax authorities reduce administrative costs, collect more revenue more efficiently, increase transparency and service for taxpayers, and adapt big data flows. As a result, there is a trend towards global digitalization of the tax space, digitization of tax information, and the introduction of new technologies for tax administration. In our opinion, the tax policy of digitalization will remain at the center of its global debate for a long time as to whether international tax rules will change or remain unchanged in an increasingly changing environment. The purpose of the paper is to study the impact of digitalization on the development of tax control. Researched: the trends of digitization of tax administration, such as the creation of web portals for the provision of electronic services, the introduction of an electronic check, the use of automation and data analysis to improve the efficiency of tax control, and the introduction of the practice of using pre-population of tax return. The main problems associated with these processes are outlined, namely the problems of digital exclusion, as well as the possible occurrence of under or over-tax obligations and, as a result, provoking tax avoidance and evasion. It was established that, regardless of certain problematic issues, it is worth noting the possible positive impact of digitalization on the effectiveness of tax control. In particular, changing the format of interaction between the tax authority and taxpayers, increasing the transparency and accessibility of tax services, changing the focus of tax control from activities aimed at detecting committed violations to measures for their prevention, which in turn contributes to increasing the level of trust and tax awareness of tax subjects.

POLITICAL VISIONS OF CYBER EDUCATION

This article is the first to analyze the political visions of the new US National Cybersecurity Strategy in terms of cyber education, which in the current security situation is becoming a kind of habitus of the global information space and launches a new long-term policy of the key Ukrainian international partnership in harmonizing security approaches. The identification of new priorities in both the global and national security environment focuses the attention of the US Strategy on a comprehensive and coordinated approach of public policy towards expanding access to cyber education to meet the needs for cybersecurity expertise in all sectors of the economy to continue to innovate in secure and sustainable next-generation technologies. It is determined that the need to actualize the problem of training modern cybersecurity specialists is due to the exponential global digitalization, which has increased the need for training cybersecurity specialists in various spheres of society. It is proved that the state strategic documents on cybersecurity pay attention to the reform of cyber education through the updating and approval of professional standards, which are the basis for improving educational programs and introducing new modern specializations. It has been found that the NATO DEEP program in Ukraine continues to adapt military education to NATO requirements, where cyber awareness of a military specialist in the new model of military education becomes a priority feature of his professionalism. The analysis of the implementation of the cyber literacy program showed that there is a huge demand for various cyber hygiene measures to protect young people from the destructive effects of disinformation and manipulative information in cyberspace, taking into account the emergence of new cyber threats and challenges.

Security Model for a Central Bank in Latin America using Blockchain

Banking institutions in Latin America are the target of increasingly sophisticated and advanced cyber-attacks and threats, which increase every year and leave substantial economic losses, due to the high level of global interconnection and digitization of their operations. The objective of this work is to design a model to guarantee information security in a Central Bank in Latin America using Blockchain technology. Exploratory research, observation and inductive and deductive methods are used to propose Blockchain solutions in a Central Bank. The results are a model for secure transactions in Blockchain, Smart Contract functions and a data management process. It was concluded that the security model for a central bank provides high level of information management and storage of transactions in a secure and immutable way.

Digital art in designing an artistic image

The research aim lies in describing new approaches in art. The use of digital art allows displaying an artistic image that perceives new ideals. The development of digital art in the era of global digitization implies introducing several modern tools for designing an artistic image. The paper raises the issue of the media of digital works, including photographic paper and canvas. The technological and automated side of some or all digital works is also described. The question of their uniqueness or singularity is raised. The paper reveals the aesthetic aspect of a computer-designed work, which depends primarily on the parameters of brightness, contrast, and saturation of the creative software used, as well as the parameters chosen for printing. Since this aspect is the same as for a traditional work reproduced in printed form, from a purely artistic point of view, a digital work can resemble a traditional work in every way if it borrows elements from it, such as hand-painted or digitally drawn textures. Moreover, when traditional techniques are combined with digital techniques, creative ways are likely to multiply because of the variety of techniques. Consideration is given to the use of correction tools to facilitate modification of the composition.

Digital maturity of business: Technological gap and limitations of digital transformation

Digital maturity of business is the object of the study. The subject of research is the process of systemic digital transformation of business. Research methods include indicative method and the method of system analysis. The premise of the study is to identify the unsystematic digitalization of business in industry as one of the significant problems of achieving digital maturity in the Strategy for Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Industries in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons for the unsystematic processes of business digitalization to achieve “digital maturity”. To achieve this goal, technological trends in the global systemic digital business transformation were analyzed and monitoring of the compliance of digital business transformation processes in Russia with the identified characteristics of global systemic business digitalization was carried out. The study showed that in the Russian business sector there is a technological gap with the global processes of digital business transformation. As a result of the study, it was found that the main reasons for the unsystematic processes of digitalization of Russian business are the low quality of business digitalization with high digital activity and low technological capabilities for implementing Industry 4.0 technologies due to the limited use of the Internet mobile network in business, business cybersecurity tools, Internet communications and cloud services. The increment of knowledge consists in determining the technological principle of digital business transformation at the global level – this is a mobile device operating on the principles of machine-to-machine interaction M2M with big data IoT (Internet of things) based on 5G speeds and Wi-Fi 6 communication standards, as well as identifying a system of indicators for monitoring the technological basis for managing the “digital maturity” of a business.

CSMA Protocol performance with dynamic spreading factor in LPWAN networks with LoRa RF transceivers

Long Range (LoRa) is a spread spectrum modulation technology designed for Low-Power Wide-Area Networking (LPWAN) with a growing application in Internet of Things (IoT), which plays an important role in the global digitalization process. The expansion of LORAWAN networks demands careful circuit, system and network design to improve energy efficiency and quality of service. To support this task, advanced CAD tools can offer reliable network simulations results, where the effects of building blocks can be found. LoRaSim, one of the most popular simulators available for LoRa and LoraWan, had solely implemented an ALOHA access model protocol, which is not the most common protocol in real life scenarios. To mitigate this limitation and taking advantage of the open-source nature of both LoRaWAN and LoRaSim, it is proposed a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol extension, as well as active adaptive parameters selection to cope with collisions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these additions to the base solution, a comparison between both on different scenarios and their simulated performance key indicators will be presented.

Management of the Financial Potential of Innovative Development of the National Economy in the Context of Digital Transformation

"The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to find ways to improve the financing management of innovative development of Ukraine in the conditions of global digitalisation. The purpose of the study is to analyse the financial support for innovative economic development in the context of digitalisation, identify problems, and develop proposals for its improvement. The methodological approach is based on: analysis of statistical information; comparison; graphical method; generalisation. The main results of the study should be considered: identification of the relationship between the volume of expenditures of industrial enterprises on innovation activities and the dynamics of innovation implementation; analysis and selection of the most significant sources of financing for innovative development of industrial enterprises; identification of the positive impact of informatisation on the introduction of innovations in the economy and improving the well-being of the population; substantiation of the need to increase state financial support for innovative activities of enterprises with the advantage of those innovative ideas that are the most cost-effective and aimed at the use of information and digital technologies, and the innovative product meets the requirements of environmental friendliness and provides for its use in the most necessary ways during the war period, in particular: machine-building, energy, agricultural, defence."

Influence Of Crisis States In Ukraine On The Motivation Priorities Of Students For Physical Education

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in students' motivational priorities for physical education under the influence of crisis situations in Ukraine. The number of hours devoted to the discipline "Physical education" has been decreasing in recent years, which may have a negative impact on the health of students. However, even with the available small number of practical classes, it is necessary that students attend them systematically, supplementing these classes with independent training in their free time from studying. A conscious and voluntary increase in the level of one's own motivation for regular physical activity contributes to the systematic use of physical culture and sports in a person's everyday life and, as a result, has a positive effect on his health. The authors proposed a questionnaire, which included four blocks of motives, namely: health motives, educational and communicative motives, psychologically meaningful and aesthetic motives. The initial survey was conducted in 2013, and repeated during the 2020 and 2022 academic years during crisis situations. Global digitization, restrictions on quarantine due to Covid-19 and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine have brought significant changes to the universal life of young people and their physical activity, in particular.
 A study of changes in motivational priorities affecting students' attendance at physical education classes in recent years was conducted. The impact of quarantine restrictions due to Covid-19, as well as the introduced martial law in the country, on the physical activity of students was analyzed. The dynamics of changes in motivational priorities that affect students' interest in attending classes in the discipline "Physical Education" are determined.

Business Strategy Transformation: The Impact of Global Digitalization and COVID-19 Pandemic Factors

The article aims to consider the business strategy transformation process in the context of global digitalization and the COVID-19 pandemic in business and the economy. To achieve the goal, the authors analyzed the notions of "IT strategy", "digital strategy" and "digital transformation strategy" and established their hierarchy; the key features of the strategy in the digital world are identified, namely: risk as the basis for development, people as the main business value and the formation of the right mindset of participants in digital transformation; the process of implementing the digital transformation strategy in the company is considered. The objective of the article was achieved through a review of the literature and the use of scientific methods, namely: comparative analysis, synthesis, and historical and logical methods. The results obtained contribute to the understanding of scientists and professionals about the development management process in the digital world.

Psychological factors influencing successful music learning using deep learning technologies

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to compare academic results and psychological factors of influence in the context of the use of deep learning technologies. The experiment involved 238 respondents who were divided into two groups – control and experimental. Students were tested for academic self-efficacy and well-being after taking the exam composition. Most of the students in the control group (n = 61) received satisfactory grades, and the index of academic results improved significantly. It was found that academic self-efficacy correlated much better with the results of the experimental group than with those of the control group. At the same time, the correlation between students’ well-being is somewhat lower than the previous indicator but remains high. This study has practical value and is important for further research because it demonstrates the impact of the two factors studied on academic achievement in music in the context of using deep learning technology versus traditional education methods. The study results can be used by universities, music schools, and other educational institutions that are interested in developing the musical skills of their students as part of the global digitalization of education.