General Profile Research Articles

Աշակերտների մոտիվացման վրա ազդող գործոնների ուսումնասիրություն՝ ՀՀ Արարատի մարզի օրինակով / Study of the Factors Affecting the Motivation of Pupils by the Example of the Ararat Region of the RA

Economy, healthcare, higher education and science, and any other field of human activity are derived from school education. However, unlike other services, where the quality solely depends on the service provider, in the case of education, it also depends essentially on the recipient of the service, in this case, the pupils. Therefore, this research aims to reveal the general profile of pupils' behavior and the factors affecting their motivation to learn. The research has been conducted in Ararat Region among students of 9-12 grades. 379 pupils participated in the survey. As a result of the research, the factors influencing the pupils' motivation to learn, their attitude towards the subject programs, the perceptions of linking learning with the future, and their intentions to continue education in the future have been revealed.

Nudging consumers towards energy efficiency through behavioural science: Profiling of energy consumers across Europe

Reducing energy consumption to increase energy efficiency and mitigate climate change demands drastic behavioural changes. Accordingly, the European Horizon 2020 founded project called “NUDging consumers towards enerGy Efficiency through behavioral science” (NUDGE) aims is to analyze the behavior of European citizens with concern the energy consumption and to consequently design and test nudging interventions on different segments of the population. Since recent studies have identified ways to influence behaviour through nudging interventions that, without limiting people’s options, can support their behavioural choices in a predictable manner, the NUDGE project – coordinated by the Institute for European Energy and Climate Policy Stitching (IEECP) – is set up to analyse people’s behaviour with concern to energy consumption, and to design and test nudging interventions in households, energy communities, and schools in five EU Member States (Greece, Belgium, Germany, Portugal and Croatia). All interventions are rooted in fundamental principles of behavioural science and based on the results of a general profiling survey that has been disseminated online across Europe from March to June 2021. The survey permitted to assess energy consumers’ attitudes and to consequently profile users into groups based on their behaviour, which allows used to carry out targeted interventions and assess their impact. Such comprehensive approach will be used to derive recommendations tailored to each country and to design more general policies at European level.

THE PORT BUSINESS PROCESS ANALYSIS AS THE MANAGEMENT MODEL

Abstract.The research presented in this article is aimed at developing a methodology for decomposing business processes that take place in the port, into components and finding optimal approaches to their management within the port enterprises. The aims are to carry out a schematic grouping of operations and management decisions of port operators by management areas and to analyze the role of business processes in achieving enterprises commercial goals. Different approaches to structuring business processes are consi-dered, and the methodology used in this article, based on UML (Unified Modeling Language), is chosen, as it is a powerful analytical method for creating charts from different data and information sources. Based on the analysis of port operators of Ukrainian sea trade ports, a general profile of the port operator has been deve-loped, which reflects the evolution of business processes of maritime transport enterprises from one of the simplest forms to another, which is a typical modern transport enterprise.The article is devoted to the main trends in the work of Ukrainian seaports. The importance is emphasizedensuring the manageability of such a complex system as the maritime transport enterprise, and emphasizes the importance of identifying specific business processes specific to port enterprises, and highlighting the specifics of the analysis of general business processes. Based on the analysis of opportunities for growth of exports, imports and transit, it was determined that the greatest potential for further development of port operators is to expand the cargo base and attract transit cargo, so the emphasis is on building relevant business processes. The main reasons for restructuring or transformation of the business model of the enterprise are identified. The main sectors of restructuring of the port operator's business model have been identified.Keywords: port, port operator, business process, cargo turnover, transit.

EXAMINING PROFILE OF ENTREPRENEURS BENEFIT FROM KOSGEB NEW ENTREPRENEUR SUPPORT IN TRA2 REGION

Entrepreneurs have an important role in the development of countries' economies. Entrepreneurs who contribute to the increase in economic prosperity, employment and added value in the society should be supported. In addition to the support mechanisms that affect the success of enterprises, the characteristics of entrepreneurship are also important. The purpose of this study is to determine the profile of entrepreneurs who have established businesses in the TRA2 Region by benefiting from the KOSGEB New Entrepreneur Support Program. The sample of the study consists of 102 entrepreneurs benefiting from New Entrepreneur Support in the TRA2 Region. According to the findings, it was concluded that the participants were predominantly male and married individuals, their average age was 39 (± 8.5 months) and they had high school and below education. The male dominance of entrepreneurs in the TRA2 region is also compatible with the general entrepreneurial profile of Turkey.The characteristics of entrepreneurs affect the performance of their businesses. In TRA2 region, it was determined that demographic characteristics such as age, gender and marital status have a low effect, personal development factors such as work experience, education and culture have a high effect on the formation of the entrepreneurial personality of individuals. While the most important advantage of being an entrepreneur for the participants is the feeling of achievement, the biggest disadvantage is the burden of responsibility. It was concluded that the most important feature to be an entrepreneur is to have an entrepreneurial spirit. In addition, it can be said that the most important obstacle to entrepreneurship in the TRA2 region is the problem of financing. Supporting entrepreneurs will contribute to the increase in the number of entrepreneurs who create added value and to reduce the employment problem.

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION PLAN AS A WEB SALES LEVEL

Being in a digital environment is challenging for a company in several aspects. It will be necessary to adapt its operational structure, reorganize its way of thinking, adjust the organizational culture, involve its employees in this way of acting, be up to the competitiveness of its competitors and, above all, be connected to its consumers. This means showing them that the company is aligned with the digital and “proving” that it works in this environment, offering good experiences in this relationship. In this sense, it is necessary to plan to be in the digital environment, get into digital marketing practices and understand the results it can bring. The study addresses the situation of a large company, which dominates the market in matters of customer service and experience, and which migrated on-site courses to a digital platform, but did not develop a strategic plan for dissemination and sale. The diagnostic analysis method was used, through qualitative research, from the observation and collection of internal data from the company and records of use by consumers of social networks taken into account - Instagram, LinkedIn and Facebook, in order to verify profile and behavior of accesses. The work contributes to the use of digital channels for the use of products and services in the Internet environment. The methodology used was qualitative analysis based on diagnostic analysis to obtain general knowledge about the proposed study, thus the general profile of the challenge situation improving specific actions.

History and Memory of Dissident Sexualities from Latin America

This article focuses on Red Latinoamericana de Archivos, Museos, Acervos y Investigadores LGBTQIA+ (AMAI LGBTQIA+), a network composed of researchers and institutions related to LGBTQIA+ memory in Latin America, founded in 2019. First, the authors analyse the network’s creation arising from the discontent of some participants of the June 2019 Archives, Libraries, Museums and Special Collections (ALMS) Conference, in Berlin, who felt bothered by the lack of attention given to subaltern perspectives on LGBTQIA+ history and memory. Next, the authors describe and analyse the network’s first year of activities communicated through its Facebook group. Multiple challenges arose from creating a network with members from different national origins, languages, and identities, especially considering the conservative political contexts of several Latin American countries and the social distancing measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, the authors present a general profile of the network’s members and a map of partner institutions. Finally, the article points out some challenges to the network’s continuity and its desire to render Latin America more visible in the broader panorama of global LGBTQIA+ history. The authors conclude by highlighting the importance of AMAI LGBTQIA+ in stimulating further discussions about the participation of global-south researchers and perspectives on global queer history initiatives.

COMPARISON OF THE ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES OF ACCOUNTING FACULTY MEMBERS IN UNIVERSITIES IN TURKEY AND AROUND THE WORLD

The main objective of this study is to examine the profiles of accounting faculty members in the top 100 universities of the world which are ranked and published in the business management program by Quacquarelli Symonds QS organization, in terms of variables such as gender, title (rank), number of publications and citations; and to compare them with the profiles of accounting faculty members in Turkey. In order to make this comparison, universities in Turkey were divided into 4 groups: the oldest universities in Turkey, the best universities, foundation universities and newly established universities, and 10 universities were selected from each group. Thus, the closest and furthest groups to the faculty member profile in the best universities in the world would be identified and the general profile of the faculty members in Turkey would be revealed. One result to the study reveals that the average number of accounting faculty members in the best universities around the world and the number of academic studies and citations of these academicians constitute a larger number compared to Turkey.

Smooth and robust multi-mode shaped commands

Smooth robust shaped commands with general polynomial and waveform profiles are proposed for eliminating residual vibrations in multi-mode damped systems. The command time length of the proposed commands is selectable which helps in designing an optimum command that results of a desired reduction in the induced transient vibration, utilizes the maximum input capability of the actuator, and enhances the command robustness to the uncertainties in the system parameters. The commands are generated using the system natural frequencies and damping ratios. This is attractive for complicated multi-mode damped systems where mathematical models are difficult to derive. The continuous-time profiles of the proposed commands that are based on the monomial and Fourier bases render the possibility of enhancing the robustness and smoothness in order to eliminate jerks, i.e., inrush current, and inaccurate timing and delay of the actuator. The efficacy of their performance in eliminating residual vibrations is validated using numerical simulations and experiment. Their sensitivity to system modeling uncertainties is further reduced using three different approaches; relaxing the command length, flattening the sensitivity curve at and adjacent to the modeling frequencies, and introducing virtual frequencies adjacent to the design frequencies to enhance the bandwidth of the reduced sensitivity region.

Identification, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungal Species of Arthrobotrys and Tolypocladium for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita.

Root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are agriculturally important pests, and biocontrol strategies offer safer alternatives for their management. In the present study, two fungal species from Indian soils were identified as Arthrobotrys thaumasia and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum based on morphological characteristics and further confirmed using molecular markers. In vitro evaluation of A. thaumasia against M. incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans showed 82 and 73% parasitism, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum gave 65.2 and 57.7% parasitism, respectively. Similarly, culture filtrates of A. thaumasia caused 57.7 and 53.7% mortality of M. incognita and C. elegans, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum caused higher mortality of 87.3 and 64%, respectively. Besides, greenhouse evaluation of both fungi against M. incognita infecting tomato significantly reduced nematode disease burden reflecting parasitic success measured as the total number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass, and derived nematode multiplication factor. Application of A. thaumasia and T. cylindrosporum reduced nematode multiplication factor by 80 and 95%, respectively, compared with control. General metabolite profiling of tested fungi using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry reported for the first time here showed presence of various volatile and non-volatile compounds with nematicidal activity, viz., trimethyl-heptadiene, methyl-hexadecanol, dodecadienal, decane, terpendole E, dodecane, acetamido-6-anthraquinone, and hexadecanol. Also, other compounds such as undecane, dibutyl-disulfide, octadecenal, paganin, talathermophilin, dactylarin, tolypyridone A, tolypyridone B, pyridoxatin, and destruxin were identified, reported in the literature to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. This is the first report of the occurrence of both fungi from India and pioneer demonstration of T. cylindrosporum for root-knot nematode management.

Physiological and Molecular Investigation of Urea Uptake Dynamics in Cucumis sativus L. Plants Fertilized With Urea-Doped Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles.

At present, the quest for innovative and sustainable fertilization approaches aiming to improve agricultural productivity represents one of the major challenges for research. In this context, nanoparticle-based fertilizers can indeed offer an interesting alternative with respect to traditional bulk fertilizers. Several pieces of evidence have already addressed the effectiveness of amorphous calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles as carriers for macronutrients, such as nitrogen (N), demonstrating increase in crop productivity and improvement in quality. Nevertheless, despite N being a fundamental nutrient for crop growth and productivity, very little research has been carried out to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning N-based fertilizers supplied to plants via nanocarriers. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the responses of Cucumis sativus L. to amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles doped with urea (U-ACP). Urea uptake dynamics at root level have been investigated by monitoring both the urea acquisition rates and the modulation of urea transporter CsDUR3, whereas growth parameters, the accumulation of N in both root and shoots, and the general ionomic profile of both tissues have been determined to assess the potentiality of U-ACP as innovative fertilizers. The slow release of urea from nanoparticles and/or their chemical composition contributed to the upregulation of the urea uptake system for a longer period (up to 24 h after treatment) as compared to plants treated with bulk urea. This prolonged activation was mirrored by a higher accumulation of N in nanoparticle-treated plants (approximately threefold increase in the shoot of NP-treated plants compared to controls), even when the concentration of urea conveyed through nanoparticles was halved. In addition, besides impacting N nutrition, U-ACP also enhanced Ca and P concentration in cucumber tissues, thus having possible effects on plant growth and yield, and on the nutritional value of agricultural products.

Metabolic Consequences of IgE- and Non-IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation.

Mast cells are important effector cells in the immune system and undergo activation (i.e., degranulation) by two major mechanisms: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms. Although IgE-mediated degranulation is well researched, the cellular mechanisms of non-IgE-mediated mast cell activation are poorly understood despite the potential to induce similar pathophysiological effects. To better understand non-IgE mast cell degranulation, we characterized and compared cellular metabolic shifts across several mechanisms of degranulation (allergen-induced [IgE-mediated], 20 nm of silver nanoparticle-mediated [non-IgE], and compound 48/80-mediated [non-IgE]) in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells. All treatments differentially impacted mitochondrial activity and glucose uptake, suggesting diverging metabolic pathways between IgE- and non-IgE-mediated degranulation. Non-IgE treatments depleted mast cells' glycolytic reserve, and compound 48/80 further inhibited the ability to maximize mitochondrial respiration. This cellular reprogramming may be indicative of a stress response with non-IgE treatments. Neither of these outcomes occurred with IgE-mediated degranulation, hinting at a separate programmed response. Fuel flexibility between the three primary mitochondrial nutrient sources was also eliminated in activated cells and this was most significant in non-IgE-mediated degranulation. Lastly, metabolomics analysis of bone marrow-derived mast cells following degranulation was used to compare general metabolite profiles related to energetic pathways. IgE-mediated degranulation upregulated metabolite concentrations for the TCA cycle and glycolysis compared with other treatments. In conclusion, mast cell metabolism varies significantly between IgE- and non-IgE-mediated degranulation suggesting novel cell regulatory mechanisms are potentially driving unexplored pathways of mast cell degranulation.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on plastic surgery training in Europe

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the functioning of global society and healthcare systems, including surgical departments. We aimed to assess alterations in plastic surgery training in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA 34-question survey was emailed in January and February 2021 to 54 National Associations of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgeons throughout European countries. The questions concerned the general profile of plastic surgery trainees, plastic surgery department, and training organization during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on respondents’ health. The acquisition of responses was finalized at the end of February 2021.ResultsAll 71 of the respondents reported alterations in planned courses, workshops, and conferences. Organizational changes included team rotation 62%, followed by redeployment to another department 45.1%. Reduction in admissions to the plastic surgery departments was more significant during the 1stt wave than the 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemics. During the interim period, admission restrictions were proportional to the infection number. The most frequently reported surgical procedures performed were skin cancer surgeries, trauma, and burns (79%, 77%, and 77%). The majority, 62% of the respondents, noticed the negative impact of pandemics on training; 53.5% think their manual skills and clinical knowledge may deteriorate because of the pandemic. Respondents noticed that their mental (50.7%) and physical (32%) health worsened, along with feeling more stressed in general (57%).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic limited plastic surgery departments’ activities and implementation of the plastic surgery training program in all European countries involved in our study.

Milk Odd and Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows: A Review on Dietary Factors and Its Consequences on Human Health.

Simple SummaryThe objective of this review is to highlight the importance of odd and branched chain fatty acids and dietary factors that may affect their content in milk acids in dairy cows. The primary source of odd and branched chain fatty acids is ruminal bacteria. In contrast to saturated fatty acids, odd and branched chain fatty acids have health protective effects against certain diseases as cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, cancers, Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic syndrome. Ruminant products are the main source of these fatty acids in the human diet. Odd and branched chain fatty acids profile in cow milk is mainly affected by dietary fatty acids and fatty acids metabolism in the rumen. Additionally, lipid mobilization in the body and fatty acids metabolism in mammary glands affect the milk odd and branched chain fatty acids profile. Understanding the origin of odd and branched chain fatty acids in milk and manipulating the diet of dairy cows to produce odd and branched chain fatty acids-enriched milk can be of scientific and industrial significance.This review highlights the importance of odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) and dietary factors that may affect the content of milk OBCFAs in dairy cows. Historically, OBCFAs in cow milk had little significance due to their low concentrations compared to other milk fatty acids (FAs). The primary source of OBCFAs is ruminal bacteria. In general, FAs and OBCFAs profile in milk is mainly affected by dietary FAs and FAs metabolism in the rumen. Additionally, lipid mobilization in the body and FAs metabolism in mammary glands affect the milk OBCFAs profile. In cows, supplementation with fat rich in linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid decrease milk OBCFAs content, whereas supplementation with marine algae or fish oil increase milk OBCFAs content. Feeding more forage rather than concentrate increases the yield of some OBCFAs in milk. A high grass silage rate in the diet may increase milk total OBCFAs. In contrast to saturated FAs, OBCFAs have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Furthermore, OBCFAs may have anti-cancer properties and prevent Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic syndrome.

Profile Sabit Kick Speed Profile and General Speed of Pencak Silat Club Achievement

This research aims to describe the general speed profile and the specific speed of the athletes of the achievement Pencak silat club (PSP). The method used in this study is a non-experimental quantitative method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample of this study amounted to 20 athletes of Pencak silat achievement Pencak silat club (PSP). The data collection technique in this study uses a Pencak silat parameter test (Lubis, J & Wardoyo, 2016), a general speed test using a running speed test as far as 20 meters, while a particular speed test using a sabit kick speed test for 10 seconds. The data processing technique uses a percentage for each classification with a formula (Anas Sudijono, n.d.). This study found results with a rate of 5% of achievement Pencak silat club athletes have the excellent classification, and 95% have a little variety in available speed through a 20-meter running speed test. In comparison, a remarkable speed 10% have the perfect classification, and 90% have good classification through tests Sabit kick speed for 10 seconds. The researcher concludes that the physical component of velocity is a crucial component to be improved in supporting achievement, both speed in general and speed specifically according to the needs of the sport of Pencak silat.

Profile Sabit Kick Speed Profile and General Speed of Pencak Silat Club Achievement

This research aims to describe the general speed profile and the specific speed of the athletes of the achievement Pencak silat club (PSP). The method used in this study is a non-experimental quantitative method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample of this study amounted to 20 athletes of Pencak silat achievement Pencak silat club (PSP). The data collection technique in this study uses a Pencak silat parameter test (Lubis, J & Wardoyo, 2016), a general speed test using a running speed test as far as 20 meters, while a particular speed test using a sabit kick speed test for 10 seconds. The data processing technique uses a percentage for each classification with a formula (Anas Sudijono, n.d.). This study found results with a rate of 5% of achievement Pencak silat club athletes have the excellent classification, and 95% have a little variety in available speed through a 20-meter running speed test. In comparison, a remarkable speed 10% have the perfect classification, and 90% have good classification through tests Sabit kick speed for 10 seconds. The researcher concludes that the physical component of velocity is a crucial component to be improved in supporting achievement, both speed in general and speed specifically according to the needs of the sport of Pencak silat.

Treatment with an Allogeneic Leukemia-Derived Dendritic Cell Vaccine in AML Patients Shows MRD Conversion and Improved Survival

Treatment with an Allogeneic Leukemia-Derived Dendritic Cell Vaccine in AML Patients Shows MRD Conversion and Improved Survival

Characteristics and Outcomes of Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML): A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Characteristics and Outcomes of Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML): A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

RAIKY CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE DNIEPER

The paper is devoted to the Raiky culture in the Middle Dnieper. It reveals major issues of the phenomenon of Raiky culture and their possible solutions considering the achievements of Ukrainian archeologists in this field. The genesis, chronology and features of the development of material culture of the Raiky sites in the 8th—9th centuries of the right-bank of the Dnieper are analyzed. In general the existence of the Raiky culture in the Middle Dnieper region can be described as follows. It was formed in first half of the 8th century in the Tiasmyn basin. The first wheel-made pottery has begun to manufacture quite early, from the mid-8th century (probably at the beginning of the third quarter). At the first stage, the early vessels have imitated the hand-made Raiky forms as well as the Saltovo-Mayaki imported vessels. Significant development of the material culture occurs during the second half of the 8th century. At the same time, the movement of the people of Raiky culture and the population of the sites of Sаkhnivka type has begun in the northern direction which was marked by the appearance of the Kaniv settlement, Monastyrok, and possibly Buchak. This stage is characterized by the syncretism both in the ceramic complex and in the features of design of the heating structures. Numerous influences of the people of Volyntsevo culture (and through them – of Saltovo-Mayaki one) are recorded in the Raiky culture. It is observed not only in direct imports but also in the efforts of the Raiky population to imitate the pottery of Volyntsevo and Saltovo-Mayaki cultures, however, based on their own technological capabilities.
 The nature of the relationship between the bearers of these cultures is still interesting. The population of Raiky accepts the imported items of Saltovo-Mayaki and Volyntsevo cultures, tries to imitate high-quality pottery of them, and even one can see the peaceful coexistence of two cultures in one settlement — Monastyrok, Buchak, Stovpyagy. However, the reverse pulses are absent. There are no tendencies to assimilate each other. Although, given the number and size of the sites, the numerical advantage of the Volyntsevo population in the region seems obvious. There is currently no answer to this question.
 The first third of the 9th century became the watershed. The destruction of the Bytytsia hill-fort and the charred ruins to which most of the settlements of the Volyntsevo culture has turned, is explained in the literature by the early penetration of Scandinavians into the region or as result of the resettlement of Magyars to the Northern Pontic region. In any case, this led to a change in the ethnic and cultural situation in the Dnieper basin. According to some researchers, the surviving part of the population of Volyntsevo culture migrated to the Oka and Don interfluve.
 For some time, but not for long, the settlements of Raiky culture remained abandoned. Apparently, after the stabilization of situation, the residents have returned which is reflected by the reconstruction of the Kaniv settlement and Monastyrok; in addition, on the latter the fortifications have been erected. The final stage of the existence of culture is characterized by contacts with the area of the left bank of Dnieper, the influx of the items of the «Danube circle», as well as the rapid development of the forms of early wheel-made pottery. The general profiling of vessels and design of the rim became more complicated, the rich linear-wavy ornament which covers practically all surface of the item became characteristic. This suggests the use of a quick hand wheel which has improved the symmetry of the vessels, as well as permitted to create the larger specimens. The evolution of the early wheel-made ceramic complex took place only by a variety of forms, however, technological indicators (dough composition, firing, density and thickness of vessel walls) indicate the actual invariability and sustainability of the manufacture tradition. The discontinuance of the functioning of the latest Raiky sites (Monastyrok and Kaniv settlements) can be attributed as the consequences of the first stages of consolidation of the Rus people in the Middle Dnieper dating to the late 9th — the turn of the 9th—10th centuries.

Multi-frequency radio observations of the radio-loud magnetar XTE J1810−197

Abstract We report on the multi-frequency multi-epoch radio observations of the magnetar XTE J1810−197, which exhibited a radio outburst from 2018 December after its 10-year quiescent period. We performed quasi-simultaneous observations with VERA (22 GHz), Hitachi (6.9 GHz and 8.4 GHz), Kashima (2.3 GHz), and Iitate (0.3 GHz) radio telescopes located in Japan to trace the variability of the magnetar radio pulsations during the observing period from 2018 December 13 to 2019 June 12. The pulse width becomes narrower as the observing frequency goes higher, analogous to the general profile narrowing behavior of ordinary pulsars. When assuming a simple power law in the range of 2.3 GHz and 8.7 GHz, the radio spectrum of the magnetar goes steeper with the average spectral index 〈α〉 ≈ −0.85 for the first four months. The wide-band radio spectra gathered from our observations and the literature suggest that XTE J1810−197 would have a double-peaked spectrum with a valley point in 22–150 GHz, where the first spectral peak implies a gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) feature with a peak at a few GHz. The GPS and the high-frequency peak have been identified in the spectra of other radio-loud magnetars, thus they may be intrinsic features that can give a new insight to the understanding of various emission mechanisms and the surrounding environments of radio magnetars. Our study emphasizes the importance of simultaneous long-term broad-band observations toward radio-loud magnetars to capture the puzzling spectral features and establish a link to other types of neutron stars.

Germin like protein genes exhibit modular expression during salt and drought stress in elite rice cultivars.

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are ubiquitous plant proteins, which play significant role in plant responses against various abiotic stresses. However, the potential functions of GLPs in rice (Oryza sativa) against salt and drought stress are still unclear. In this study, transcriptional variation of eight OsGLP genes (OsGLP3-6, OsGLP4-1, OsGLP8-4, OsGLP8-7, OsGLP8-10, OsGLP8-11 and OsGLP8-12) was analyzed in leaves and roots of two economically important Indica rice cultivars, KS282 and Super Basmati, under salt and drought stress at early seedling stage. The relative expression analysis from qRT-PCR indicated the highest increase in expression of OsGLP3-6 in leaves and roots of both rice varieties with a significantly higher expression in KS282. Moreover, relative change in expression of OsGLP8-7, OsGLP8-10 and OsGLP8-11 under salt stress and OsGLP8-7 under drought stress was also commonly higher in leaves and roots of KS282 as compared to Super Basmati. Whereas, OsGLP3-7 and OsGLP8-12 after salt stress and OsGLP8-4 and OsGLP8-12 after drought stress were observed with higher relative expression in roots of Super Basmati than KS282. Importantly, the OsGLP3-6 and OsGLP4-1 from chromosome 3 and 4 respectively showed higher expression in leaves whereas most of the OsGLP genes from chromosome 8 exhibited higher expression in roots. Overall, as a result of this comparative analysis, OsGLP genes showed both general and specific expression profiles depending upon a specific rice variety, stress condition as well as tissue type. These results will increase our understanding of role of OsGLP genes in rice crop and provide useful information for the further in-depth research on their regulatory mechanisms in response to these stress conditions.