General Profile Research Articles

Transcriptomics in advancing portunid aquaculture: A systematic review

AbstractThe rapid advancement of next‐generation sequencing technologies has promoted the use of transcriptomics in non‐model organisms, including species in the aquaculture sector. Compared to that of other crustacean species, portunid crab aquaculture is impeded by the insufficient knowledge of their biological and physiological processes. This systematic review summarised the advances in transcriptomics in cultured portunid crabs using a systematic literature review methodology. The filtered transcriptome dataset comprised 66 articles from four genera: Scylla, Portunus, Callinectes and Charybdis. At the species level, Scylla paramamosain and Portunus trituberculatus were the two most studied species, highlighting their importance in the aquaculture sector. The affordable cost of RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) led to an increase in transcriptome‐related research in portunid crabs and made available a huge repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We further discussed the transcriptomic advances based on six main functional categories, that is, ‘growth and moulting’, ‘gonadal development and reproduction’, ‘nutrition metabolism’, ‘disease and immunity’, ‘toxicology and stress’ and ‘general transcriptomic profiling’. In general, transcriptomic studies of portunid crabs, specifically the DEGs and pathways allow an in‐depth understanding of the biological and physiological processes involved at different growth stages or under various conditions based on the difference in gene transcriptional activity. SNPs obtained from the transcriptome data are useful in many genetic improvement‐related downstream applications, including the construction of genetic linkage maps and as population genetic markers. Future directions, such as hybrid approaches of long‐read and common RNA‐Seq, and the incorporation of other omics were also discussed.

Organizational behaviour model in management students: The Dark Triad traits

The paper touches upon the relationships between the psychological constitution of an individual and organizational behaviour of employees as a manifestation of the behavioural pattern shaped in the process of the university professional training. The research analyses the differences in the display of the Dark Triad (DT) traits in students of various specializations within the Economics and Management field. The research methods include the Short Dark Triad personality test by Jones and Paulhus, a comparative analysis of curricula and the content of discipline programmes, and the methods of descriptive statistics. The research results demonstrate that there is an association between the DT traits formed by the organizational behaviour model and the specialization, which confirms the hypothesis that there is a need for a differentiated approach to shaping the organizational behaviour model. The complete psychological DT profile indicator has the highest average “darkness” level for the Business Informatics (BI) students, and the lowest was found for the Financial Management (FM) students. Comparing the specializations by the proportion of students with “potentially harmful” DT traits and “extremely harmful general psychological profile” shows that among the FM students there are no persons with toxicity exceeding the psychometric norm. At the same time, the State and Municipal Administration specialization attracts persons with a higher narcissism level, and BI is attractive to students with an elevated level of Machiavellianism and psychopathy. The research has not revealed a statistically significant relationship between the manifestation of toxicity in management students of different specializations and the content of educational programmes for six semesters. The resulting conclusion about the presence of a relationship between toxic personality traits and the choice of the specialization by Russian students is consistent with the findings of studies in other countries. The authors believe that the management training programmes should include the disciplines that support the development of interpersonal communication skills and entrepreneurial thinking as key elements of the organizational behaviour model demanded by employers.

Dispersive Delay Structures With Asymmetric Arbitrary Group-Delay Response Using Coupled-Resonator Networks With Frequency-Variant Couplings

This article reports the design of coupled-resonator-based microwave dispersive delay structures (DDSs) with arbitrary asymmetric-type group delay response. The design process exploits a coupling matrix representation of the DDS circuit as a network of resonators with frequency-variant couplings (FVCs). The group delay response is shaped using complex transmission zeros (TZs) created by dispersive cross-couplings. We also present an optimization-based synthesis procedure for characteristic polynomials with a prescribed group delay profile. Thus, when compared with prior-art DDS approaches, the proposed DDS solutions allow a general group delay profile to be patterned while incorporating optimization-based coupling matrix design techniques for their synthesis. The design method is validated by full-wave simulations and measurements of three built proof-of-concept prototypes of DDS devices with different shapes of group delay response in waveguide and microstrip technologies.

Physical well-being among traffic-police impact analysis due to noise

Aim: The aim and objective of this research were to identify the noise effect on the physical well-being of traffic police. Methods: The data for the current study was gathered using a systematic questionnaire and interview schedule, which includes a general profile, working profile, health profile, and the Physical Well-Being Scale was used, body discomfort & intensity of pain which include body discomfort 8 questions and intensity of pain 10 questions) A sample of 60 respondents aged between 25-65 years. Results: There is no significant difference between noise level and physical well-being but still the noise level has a great effect on them. Conclusions: A traffic Police are extremely stressful. They must work in extremely uncomfortable conditions such as long working hours and standing positions. Traffic cops work in hazardous conditions with low physical well-being. It was determined that physical well-being among traffic officers may be caused by long working hours, job experience, and age.

Working Hard or Hardly Working? Who are Canada’s Working Poor?

ABSTRACT Working poverty in Canada is shrouded in mystery and misconception due to the little attention given to this area in research and policy-making. We performed an analysis of working poverty in Canada by using data from the Canadian Income Survey and conducted a binomial logistic regression to discuss the general profile of the working poor and the determinants of working poverty. We found that the working poor have high rates of post-secondary education and worked full-time hours. Moreover, being an immigrant, a single-earner (e.g., unattached individual, lone-parent family, single-earning household), and being self-employed were determinants of working poverty.

Emergency General Surgery Experience Of A Tertiary Center

Background: We aimed to present the emergency General Surgery patient profile and results of our hospital.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital Clinic between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. Patients who were admitted to the emergency department and underwent emergency operations at the General Surgery clinic were included in the study. Gender, age, anamnesis, laboratory tests, radiological findings, preoperative diagnoses, surgery notes, and postoperative results of the patients were recorded.Results: A total number of 2820 cases including 1201 (42.6%) female, and 1619 (57.4%) male patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 37.32 years (min: 14, max: 94). The most common age range was between the ages of 21-30 years.Most of the emergency surgeries were performed due to nontraumatic indications in 2645 (93.8%) , and 1790 of them (67.67%) were cases of appendicitis. Other indications of nontrau-matic emergency surgeries were abscess, incarcerated hernia, ileus, and perforation. 175 (6.2%) patients who came to our general surgery emergency department were operated on due to trauma. The most common causes of trauma in these patients were sharp force and stab in-juries in 43.4% and gunshot wounds in 39.4% of the cases.Conclusions: The frequency and distribution of emergency cases vary according to the locations of the hospitals. Epidemiological studies and increasing data on emergency surgery enable the determination of the emergency surgery profile of the regions and the preparation of the hos-pital staff for the patients who will seek medical help.

Chrysanthemum species used as food and medicine: Understanding quality differences on the global market

BackgroundChrysanthemum flowers [Ch. x morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. and Ch. indicum L.] are a globally used and pharmacologically interesting botanical drug, however, with variable product quality. ObjectiveWe aim at understanding the chemical variability of primary material available commercially based on different origins and associated quality problems like contamination with heavy metals. This needs to be assessed in the context of the current regulations for this botanical drug and associated problems. Material and Methods15 C. indicum L. and 50 C. x morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl., including a range of geographical cultivars recognized in China, samples from the USA, Europe and China were analyzed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to compare their general chemical profile. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to quantify heavy metal contamination. ResultsThe: HPTLC fingerprints of C. indicum samples are clearly distinguishable from C. x morifolium. Fingerprints of samples from the same cultivars collected from markets in different countries (USA and China) show different patterns. Large variance of fingerprints within each cultivar group was observed. The heavy metal analysis showed excessive amounts of some harmful heavy metal in some commercial products with excessive cadmium being the most frequent problem. ConclusionsThe Chinese medicinal cultivars vary. Differences between samples sourced from the USA and China might be ascribable to geographical factors (e.g. soil composition), degradation during transport/storage or adulteration, but geographical differences should also be taken into account. Importantly, a much more detailed definition of the drug are needed for better quality control. In addition, with continuous contamination problem observed, a more widespread regulation is an essential requirement for better quality.

Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause.

Menopause imposes a dramatic fall in estrogens, which is followed by an increase in the proportion of fat. The rising androgen/estrogen ratio along the menopause transition favors the accumulation of central fat, which contributes to insulin resistance and a series of concatenated effects, leading to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. The modulatory effect of diet on the metabolic syndrome phenotype has been shown for the Mediterranean diet, and nuts are key determinants of these health benefits. This review of the impact of nuts on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome cluster examined studies—prioritizing meta-analyses and systemic reviews—to summarize the potential benefits of nut ingestion on the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with menopause. Nuts have a general composition profile that includes macronutrients, with a high proportion of unsaturated fat, bioactive compounds, and fiber. The mechanisms set in motion by nuts have shown different levels of efficacy against the disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome, but a beneficial impact on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism, and a potential, but minimal reduction in blood pressure and fat accumulation have been found.

The physical self-concept across childhood: Measurement development and meaning for physical activity

The physical self-concept is considered a significant predictor of physical activity and persistence in childhood and youth. Based on Shavelson, Stanton, and Hubner's (1976) hierarchical structure of self-concept, several approaches have been developed to measure physical self-perception. A multi-dimensional fitness-based approach by Marsh (1990) shows a valid method for measuring physical self-concept in all age groups from 8 years old to adulthood. Furthermore, following standard childhood fitness test dimensions, instruments have been developed for middle to late childhood (Dreiskämper, Tietjens, Honemann, Naul, & Freund, 2015a) and early childhood (Tietjens et al., 2018). However, based on Harter's (1980) approach of a more global and general skills-summarizing self-perception profile, other studies – preliminary coming from a motor development perspective – focused on measuring children's self-perception based on fundamental movement skills such as object control, locomotion, and stability. In this line, Estevan and Barnett (2018) proposed an adaption of Fox and Corbin's (1989) model. However, several research questions have remained unanswered because these different research directions have not been integrated yet: 1) How is the physical self-concept in childhood constructed, and how can it be measured? 2) How does the physical self-concept develop across childhood (and is this consistent with the assumptions about the self-concept as defined by Shavelson et al., 1976)? And 3) What is the role of physical self-concept in behavior (i.e., PA) and its antecedents in childhood (and how)? The purpose of this discussion paper is to address these three more or less open questions from a self-concept research perspective. To this end, the models of Shavelson et al. (1976) and Marsh (1990) will be drawn upon to integrate the recent research developments into a new classification of the physical self-concept and its development throughout childhood.

Personal and professional quality of life among French health care workers during the first COVID-19 wave: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundWe aimed to assess the personal and professional quality of life changes among health care workers of different professions during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large French university hospital. Other published data originated from countries with different health care systems and outbreak dynamics.MethodsAll health care workers from our hospital were invited to fill-in an anonymous e-questionnaire of 71 questions regarding perceived personal, professional and overall quality of life before and during the first COVID-19 wave, general profile, occupation and job characteristics, change of assignment, COVID-care features if relevant, general perception during the first wave, and personal experience of being encouraged or stigmatised.ResultsThere were 794 participants, with a majority of nursing professionals (n = 416, 56%), including 57 nurse managers, 243 nurses, and 116 nurse assistants. Other participants were physicians (n = 188) and other health care staff (n = 140). Before the crisis, professional quality of life was low (6.5 on a 10-point scale) overall. The personal quality of life was higher (8.1) particularly for physicians and nurse managers. The COVID crisis saw a marked decrease in the personal quality of life (− 1.7), more pronounced in younger health care workers. Professional quality of life was less affected (− 0.4) and stayed almost constant for physicians. Staff in COVID units had a more positive perception of the crisis but experienced more fatigue, which resulted in similar quality of life levels in COVID and non-COVID units. Encouragements originated more often from relatives or colleagues than hospital managers and were exceptionally common: 63.4% of all participants, from 50.5% for other staff to 71.3% for physicians (p = 0.0005). Stigmatisation was reported by 19.3% of participants, with a higher proportion (p = 0.0001) among nurses (26.3%) and assistant nurses (23.3%) than among physicians (8.5%). From multivariate analysis, higher age, working as a physician and receiving encouragements were independently associated with lower loss of overall quality of life.ConclusionsThe resilience of health care workers was high overall during the first COVID wave although the quality of life decreased more among nursing staff. Social support in the form of encouragements is a key part of management, particularly in times of crisis.

On the benefits of point-to-multipoint coherent optics for multilayer capacity planning in ring networks with varying traffic profiles

Point-to-multipoint (P2MP) coherent optics using digital subcarrier multiplexing have recently been proposed as a promising new technology to reduce the cost and complexity of optical transport networks, particularly those in metro aggregation scenarios with hub-and-spoke (H&S) traffic patterns. In this paper, we perform a case study on fault tolerant ring networks with more general traffic profiles to assess the benefits of P2MP optics for alternative network scenarios such as those appearing in metro rings. We propose mixed integer linear programming formulations for multilayer capacity planning to minimize total transceiver costs, considering both point-to-point and P2MP transceivers, as well as a heuristic approach for the more complex P2MP case. Results indicate that P2MP optics can bring several advantages for all tested traffic profiles, ranging from pure uniform flows to mostly H&S. Transceiver cost savings are achieved in various cases, greater at higher network loads and for traffic patterns that are mostly H&S. Results also show that P2MP optics prompt a multilayer redesign of the network with significantly reduced spectrum usage and a reduced number of IP hops, resulting in lower optical–electronic–optical and IP processing latency and lower IP layer equipment costs for all traffic profiles.

A High-Throughput Approach to Repurposing Olefin Polymerization Catalysts for Polymer Upcycling.

Efficient and economical plastic waste upcycling relies on the development of catalysts capable of polymer degradation. A systematic high-throughput screening of twenty-eight polymerization catalyst precursors, belonging to the catalyst families of metallocenes, ansa-metallocenes, and hemi- and post-metallocenes, in cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) degradation reveals, for the first time, important structure-activity correlations. The upcycling conditions involve activation of the catalysts (at 0.18 % catalyst loading) with tri-iso-butyl aluminum at 50 °C in toluene. The data indicate the ability to degrade PB is a general reactivity profile of neutral group 4 metal hydrides. A simple quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) model utilizing two descriptors for the distribution of steric bulk in the active pocket and one measuring the metal ion electrophilicity reveals the degradation ability improves with increased but not overbearing steric congestion and lower electrophilicity.

A High‐Throughput Approach to Repurposing Olefin Polymerization Catalysts for Polymer Upcycling

AbstractEfficient and economical plastic waste upcycling relies on the development of catalysts capable of polymer degradation. A systematic high‐throughput screening of twenty‐eight polymerization catalyst precursors, belonging to the catalyst families of metallocenes, ansa‐metallocenes, and hemi‐ and post‐metallocenes, in cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene (PB) degradation reveals, for the first time, important structure–activity correlations. The upcycling conditions involve activation of the catalysts (at 0.18 % catalyst loading) with tri‐iso‐butyl aluminum at 50 °C in toluene. The data indicate the ability to degrade PB is a general reactivity profile of neutral group 4 metal hydrides. A simple quantitative‐structure activity relationship (QSAR) model utilizing two descriptors for the distribution of steric bulk in the active pocket and one measuring the metal ion electrophilicity reveals the degradation ability improves with increased but not overbearing steric congestion and lower electrophilicity.

Using the cardiovascular risk profile in a community heart health outreach intervention: Implications for primary care.

Context: "HeartB," a community heart health intervention and academic partnership, focused on urban African African urban at high risk for heart disease, was implemented by community health workers (CHW) and a community nurse. Objective: The primary objective was to reduce heart disease risk in Detroit by increasing participants' knowledge of heart disease, with a secondary objective of facilitating prevention of developing heart disease by increasing understanding of how to lower risks for heart disease. Study Design and Analysis: Quasi-experimental (pre-post) design and six-month follow-up. Setting: Population health. Population: Adult (18 years or older) residing in an African-American majority city catchement. Intervention: A community nurse and CHW were cross-trained and used the The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) evidence-based family-focused "With Every HeartBeat Is Life: A Community Health Workers Manual for African Americans" with the Framingham Heart Study "General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care." Outcome: The community nurse and CHW successfully recruited adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease from 27 zipcodes throughout the city, primarily from community organizations and churches. Six-month follow-up was completed with 96% of participants. Results: The 100 participants were 55% Female, 39% Male and 6% Transgender, with a mean age of 44.57 years (s.d.=15.9) and 97% were African-American. 92% reported having a primary care physician, with about half (52%) on Medicare/Medicaid. Following collection of family history information, participants met with the project nurse and CHW for clinical assessments, (weight, BP and medical history) and to discuss their cardiovascular risk factors. Based on the clinical assessment and medical history, the Framingham Heart Study Risk Assessment non-lab tool (D'Agostino, 2007) was used to provide the participants with their heart age and CVD risk for developing heart disease in the next ten years. 54% had <10% probability of a CVD event in the next 10 years, 26% had between a 10-19% probability, and 20% had a 20%/greater probability. Conclusions: Primary care physicians should be encouraged to work with CHW in African American communities to conduct long-term interventions to determine effective strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction.

Stability of the nonconstant stationary solution to the Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes equations

We study the three-dimensional Cauchy problem of the Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes equations. We first show that the corresponding stationary system has a unique semi-trivial solution under a general doping profile. Under initial small perturbations around such the semi-trivial stationary solution and small doping profile, we obtain the unique global-in-time solution to the non-stationary system. Moreover, we prove the asymptotic convergence of the solution toward the semi-trivial stationary solution as time tends to infinity.

Students’ Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness: level of acceptance, implementation, and causes for concern (A case study of Saudi faculty members at Jeddah University-Kholais Branch)

This study investigates the level of acceptance, causes for concern and the frequency of implementation regarding (SETE). To achieve these ends, the researchers distributed an online questionnaire (see Appendix 1) to total of (59) faculty members at Jeddah University – Khulais Branch. The study concluded that, in principle, faculty members welcome (SETE). In addition, the study showed that the most worrying point about (SETE) is the discrepancy between the ways in which students and teachers perceive effective teaching and what constitutes good or effective teaching while the less worrying point is the belief that (SETE) is demoralizing and violates the academic freedom and rights of faculty members. The study recommended that no one should be kept in the dark about the purpose, procedures, and results of (SETE) and all the stakeholders including the administration, students, and teachers should engage in an open and continuous discussion before and after the implementation of (SETE) to alleviate the gravity of the concerns about it and to increase its level of acceptance and viability. More importantly the study recommended that this open dialogue and discussion should concentrate on agreeing on a general profile as to what makes effective teachers and constitutes effective teaching.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ДИСЦИПЛИН В ВУЗЕ

The ongoing crisis in modern Russian higher education has led to the loss of some traditions of forming high-quality professional education in the process of teaching general and special professional courses. Under these conditions, the authors of the article substantiate the relevance of the development and application of a general professionally oriented approach, which provides for a natural increase in the professionalization of university courses of a general education profile, which form the humanitarian and physical culture of future specialists.

Couples’ Experience of Enactment-Based Couple-Centered Intervention vs. Therapist-Centered Intervention—An Exploratory Qualitative Examination

Enactments represent a clinical process and structure common to marital therapy, consisting of episodes of direct couple engagement carefully promoted, monitored, and coached by the therapist. Couple-enactment-centered therapy is supported by a relational systems theory rationale for interaction-focused intervention. We specifically explored couples’ experience of relationship enactments and their potential to promote positive relationship interaction and outcomes. In an experimental design, participant couples received three couple-enactment-centered sessions (intervention through couple interaction) followed by three therapist-centered sessions (intervention through therapist interaction), with sequencing randomly alternated (CECx3–TCx3 or TCx3–CECx3). In this study, through qualitative interviews we sought the voices, perceptions, and experiences of couples regarding these modalities and their potentially unique utility. Qualitative data from 12 participants was analyzed using a group hermeneutic approach. Findings included that (a) therapeutic alliance, achieved in a more salient way through TC, was important to positive clinical and couple outcomes, (b) the sequencing of approaches was significant, and (c) modality (CEC or TC) influenced participant experience of relational change. Our discussion hypothesizes a general profile of participants’ experiences of these two approaches in therapy, contributing to an emerging framework potentially informing best couple therapy practice utilizing both TC and CEC modalities in sequence.

Molecular and genetic characteristics of group A rotaviruses detected in Moscow in 2015–2020

The aim of the study was to analyze genetic characteristics of strains belonging to group A rotaviruses (RVA) circulating in Moscow in 2015–2020, including rare strains non-typeable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials and methods. A total of 289 stool samples were tested; the samples were collected from children aged 1 month to 17 years, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Immunochromatography and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assays were used for detection of rotaviruses in the samples. The rotavirus genome sequencing was performed using the Sanger technique and nanopore sequencing.Results and discussion. RVA RNA was detected in 131 clinical samples, and the G/[P] genotype was identified in 125 samples. The general profile showed prevalence of RVA strains with the G9P[8]I1 genotype (37%) followed by G3P[8]I2, G4P[8]I1, G2P[4]I2, G1P[8]I1, and G3P[8]I1 variants (18, 15, 11, 5, and 2%, respectively). Seven (5%) isolates were identified as GxP[8]. In 2015–2020, the region reported a decline in G4P[8]I1 genotype prevalence (from 39% to 9%) and an increase in the proportion of the G9P[8]I1 genotype (from 6% to 37%) as compared to 2009–2014. In 2018–2020, a large number of cases with the previously unknown DS-1-like reassortant strain with the G3P[8]I2 genotype were reported; the above strain has become widely common worldwide in the recent years. Nanopore sequencing was performed to analyze the genome of the G3P[8]I2 strain and the rare G4P[6]I1 strain. It was found that the G4P[6]I1 strain was phylogenetically related to porcine rotaviruses.Conclusion. In the recent years, the genetic diversity of RVA circulating in the Moscow Region has changed significantly. The obtained results prove the importance of continuous monitoring of rotavirus infection and selective sequencing of RVA genes to fine-tune data of the type-specific real-time RT-PCR. The ever-changing genetic composition of the circulating RVA strains calls for regular optimization of RVA genotyping systems based on real-time RT-PCR.

Regioselectivity Switch Towards the Development of Innovative Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition and Productive Applications in Organic Synthesis

AbstractThe Diels‐Alder (DA) reaction is one of the fascinating synthetic strategies known for its pericyclic action and concerted mechanism that leads to various targets. Numerous synthetic pursuits have been rewarded with conceptually distinct and efficient ways. To date, extensive and spectacular accomplishments have been made in the field of Diels‐Alder chemistry to overcome the complexities of organic synthesis that inspired organic chemists to focus on expanding and establishing the postulates. In principle, DA reactions are governed by their straightforward reactivity pattern with a high degree of certainty, primarily attributed to the HOMO‐LUMO separation of reacting partners. Furthermore, general forecasts rely on account of background studies, conveniently hypothesizing the stereochemical outcomes and reaction dynamic pathways. DA has recently emerged as a technique for establishing a variety of products from the same reacting species under varying reaction conditions rather than a general reactivity profile. Such exceptional results are of significant interest in organic synthesis to pursue the challenges of unanticipated product establishment. Herein, we summarize the impressive finding of the remarkable switch in the regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of DA reactions under a diverse set of reaction protocols in light of Diels‐Alder's unending importance in chemical science. This review aims to establish a beneficial account of Diels‐Alder towards the astonishing switches extended to study varying synthetic versions in organic synthesis protocols attributed to natural and biologically active scaffolds. This review also provides insight into distinct reaction dynamics in DA reactions that are subjected to access molecular frameworks ranging from simple to complicated ones to foster high levels of innovation in chemical sciences.