Basic General Education Research Articles

Современное состояние и тенденции развития человеческого капитала АПК и сельских территорий России

One of the priority directions for the development of the modern agrarian economy is the formation and development of human capital in agriculture and rural areas in the context of the strategy of social, economic, and spatial development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state, trends, problems, and ways of human capital development in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas of Russia. Methods of synthesis, analysis, systematization, logical and comparative analysis using information review, and statistical data processing were used as general scientific methods during the research. The paper reveals the essence and structure of human capital in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, characterizes the indicators of its main components, analyzes their dynamics from 2017 to 2022, and identifies trends for further development. The analysis of the state of human capital in the agroindustrial complex and rural areas of Russia allowed us to identify both positive and negative trends in its development. Positive trends include an increase in wages in agriculture, some improvement in the structure of the rural population, active participation of farmers in educational programs, an increase in the share of the rural population with higher education, a decrease in the number of employed people who do not have basic general education, and the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. Among the negative trends are the growth of the natural decline of the rural population, the aging of the population of rural areas, the lack of an attractive image of rural areas, and the low activity of agricultural managers in the creation and development of a personal brand. In conclusion, it is noted that, despite the presence of negative factors, there are real grounds and conditions for the development and improvement of quantitative and qualitative components of human capital in agriculture and rural areas.

Fomento de la lectura y escritura en la escuela a través de la estrategia Flipped Classroom

This cross-sectional research project addresses the importance of developing reading and writing activities in students of the entire level of basic general education; since the scarcity of these experiences has led to a decrease in writing, communication, analytical and investigative skills in students; Therefore, the Flipped Classroom-ADCA strategy is proposed as a means to approach these activities in a creative way, supported by the use of technological resources. Through a survey with a Likert scale, ten teachers from a particular educational unit in the city of Cuenca are taken as a sample, where it will be developed that 10% of teachers propose reading and creative writing activities; so, the level of their students does not master these skills. Finally, it is expected that teachers can use the Flipped Classroom-ADCA, and thus create spaces for creative and meaningful learning of writing and reading skills.

Концепция регионального учебного курса образовательной области «духовно-нравственная культура народов России» (на примере Архангельской области)

The article reveals the importance of spiritual and moral education at school and the role of the educational field "Fundamentals of spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" in this process. The concept of a regional curriculum within the framework of the educational field "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" for the Arkhangelsk region is proposed, which allows students to assimilate and translate into practical action and behavior of the highest spiritual values of the culture of their people in the context of the culture of the regional community based on the system of values of the corresponding denomination (Orthodoxy).An approximate thematic and lesson plan of the educational school course on the "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" for the 5th grade of the Arkhangelsk region and the general outlines of the sample program for other regions in which Orthodoxy serves as a cultural factor are presented. It is emphasized that in the process of deployment, based on the curriculum of the educational school course, threads are stretched from all its sections to the culture of the Arkhangelsk region.It is suggested that on the basis of the proposed programs, it is possible to present a federal basic general education program on the "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia", which will allow developing programs for each region that will take into account the confessional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics of all subjects of the Russian Federation. These training courses will continue the modules "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and secular Ethics" from the fifth to the ninth grade.The federal basic general education program will emphasize the historical and cultural unity of Russia with all the diversity of the peoples inhabiting it. It is assumed that this axiom was the starting point for the creation of the educational field "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia"

Continuity in the formation of functional literacy of students (from preschool education to basic general education)

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main theoretical approaches to the problem of ensuring the continuity of the formation of functional literacy of students. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic studies on this topic, the concept of ‟functional literacy” is clarified, the modern system of formation of the phenomenon under study in the context of the development of a child's personality is analyzed. The article provides examples of practice-oriented tasks for the formation of prerequisites for functional literacy in preschool age, the formation of the phenomenon under study in the classroom in primary and secondary schools. The directions of formation of functional literacy of students are proposed.

Организация работы с детьми инофонами на уровне освного общего образования в МОУ «Средняя общеобразовательная школа №5 г. Надыма»

В статье рассмотрены особенности работы с детьми-инофонами в общеобразовательной школе Крайнего Севера. Даны практические рекомендации. The article discusses the specifics of work with foreign children and the ones whose native language is not Russian in a comprehensive school in the Far North. The authors give practical recommendations based on their experience.

The Singapore method as a determinant strategy for the learning of fractional numbers in elementary school students

The Singapore method within the educational environment is of great importance, since it allows to start from the concrete to the abstract in a way that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge in the student, which is why in the area of mathematics it is necessary to reinforce the logical, analytical and practical domain. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the incidence of the Singapore method in the learning of fractional numbers in students of basic general education in Ecuador. However, for the development of the work, the deductive method was used, in the same way, this was supported by a documentary research based on a qualitative approach. On the other hand, the results showed that the scarce use of concrete material and graphics by the teacher hinders problem solving, generating a low performance in this area, this was evidenced thanks to the results obtained from the PISA tests, where it was shown that Latin America is below the performance level, since none reaches 494 points for mathematics. Finally, this method promotes the optimal development of knowledge, skills and attitudes of the student, as it develops mathematical thinking.

Aplicación de juegos con balón para el desarrollo de la coordinación y control de objetos en escolares de educación general básica media

Introducción Ball games have been used since ancient times, as they provide several benefits for the motor development of children. Nowadays it is important to work on several aspects such as: eye-hand and eye-foot coordination, gross and fine motor skills, spatial development, grasping skills, balance and coordination, where the teacher must implement the necessary activities to improve coordination in the growing stage. Coordination can be defined as orderly and harmonious movements, performed by a person such as: walking, jumping, running, turning, which allows improving different movement skills; motor coordination refers to the use of body movements, in a synchronized manner to develop simple actions to consolidate complex activities. Objetivos To apply ball games for the development of the coordination and control of objects in schoolchildren of General Basic Secondary Education. Método The objective of this research was the development of the coordination and control of objects in students of General Basic Education, an intervention with a series of ball games was applied. The instrument that was applied according to the study variables was the 3JS Motor Coordination test, validated by Cenizo, Ravelo, Morilla, Ramírez, & Fernández (2016) The test allows determining the level of locomotor coordination, object control coordination and motor coordination in general. The population that was considered for the study was made up of 137 schoolchildren from Educación General Básica Media, based on a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, from which a study sample of 33 students was selected. Principales resultados The analysis by types of object control coordination determined a higher mean score in eye-hand coordination than in eye-foot coordination, the categorization in levels of development of object control coordination determined that the highest percentage of the study sample was in a level considered “low” and a lower percentage, the rest of the sample in a “very low” level. After the application of ball games, the levels of locomotor coordination, object control and general motor coordination, there was a predominance in the normal and good levels. Conclusiones Once the pre and post intervention analysis was implemented, it was possible to determine that significant changes were found when applying the ball games, which allowed a significant improvement in the coordination of object control in the study sample, and thus favored the motor coordination.

Estimulación cognitiva en el desarrollo psicomotriz de escolares

Introducción Much has been discussed about cognitive stimulation and psychomotor development in schoolchildren, being one of the fundamental pillars in the evolution of infants, it is closely related to the maturation of the cognitive area through the perception of stimuli. In the bibliographic review of national and international university repositories, several research precedents were identified. For Mendoza Cordero (2019) the stimulation of psychomotor and cognitive development in preschool is done through play, the importance of the development of play and cognitive strategies, which added to the pedagogical theories of learning seek the strengthening of psychomotor development at the preschool level, a study by Cervantes Rivas (2018) determined that early stimulation in psychomotor development in children from 12 to 36 months, improves skills such as: concentration, sensitivity, language and memory, which help the infant to integral development. Objetivos To determine the incidence of cognitive stimulation in the psychomotor development of elementary school children in elementary General Basic Education. Método The analytical method was applied for the respective theoretical foundation, the hypothetical-deductive method was based on the theoretical-practical content, field research and the comparative method were used to obtain the results. The sample with which the research was carried out consisted of 30 male and female students; the test called “Psychomotor skills evaluation scale in preschool was used as an instrument, which was applied personally in an educational institution; the results were obtained with the SPSS 25 program for statistical analysis. Principales resultados The statistical analysis determined the dimensions of psychomotor development PRE AND POST intervention, where a significant improvement was observed after the intervention. In the highest percentage we found locomotion action (1.26); body scheme in itself (1.17); balance (1.11), while at a medium level we found leg coordination actions (1.03); arm coordination (0.94) and in a lower percentage position actions (0.63) and hand coordination (0.56). The difference between the initial level in psychomotor development and after an intervention based on cognitive stimulation was analyzed, which determined the existence of significant differences at a level of P≤0.05 between the results by dimensions of psychomotor development PRE and POST intervention periods. Conclusiones The initial level of psychomotor development was assessed in the study sample in the physical education class, and it was evidenced, that most of the study sample was at a normal level of development and only two members at a good level, as for the locomotion and body scheme tests were at a good level, balance, position, arm and hand coordination were at a medium level and the leg coordination test at a low level. The level of psychomotor development after an intervention based on cognitive stimulation was evaluated, it was evidenced that most of the study sample was at a good level in the following tests

Optimization of the learning of English grammar in secondary students in Ecuador through the use of technology at level A1

There is a real need to improve the grammatical knowledge of students in such a way that they can state their ideas in a foreign language and build complete sentences. An important aspect to consider when teaching adolescents is the motivation that technology provides. One possibility of delivering the motivational resource and meeting the learning needs of students concerning grammar can be the use of materials in which students have to resort to technology. (López, & Rodríguez, 2023) Analyzing how technological support can strengthen grammatical accuracy in eighth-grade students of the Basic General Education (EGB Superior) teaching-learning process is necessary. To achieve the objective, the research followed the mixed method that includes collecting or examining quantitative and qualitative information simultaneously or consecutively. Mixed methods provide a complete picture by recording trends, generalizations, and insight into the participants' points of view. (Wang, & Chang, 2023) Technology offers a variety of interactive tools and resources that can help students learn and practice grammar more effectively and at their own pace. In addition, using technology can increase students' motivation and engagement with language learning, improving their overall performance. (Vargas, & Gómez, 2023)

Tinkercad environment as a tool for forming ideas about the areas of professional activity in the it industry when studying informa tics at the level of basic general education

Tinkercad environment as a tool for forming ideas about the areas of professional activity in the it industry when studying informa tics at the level of basic general education

The use of digital technologies in the educational process of basic general, secondary general and secondary vocational education on the example of the study of regional studies (history of the Samara Region)

The development of the information society and the technological development of the Russian Federation poses new challenges for pedagogy. The main trend in the development of modern Russian education is a combination of both traditional values aimed at the formation of patriotism, Russian civic identity, morality, and the digitalization of education. This article discusses the role, significance, and impact on the quality of knowledge of students of digital technologies in the educational process of studying regional studies of secondary general and secondary vocational education (on the example of studying the history of the Samara Region). The authors consider both widely used digital technologies (work in the Microsoft PowerPoint program; use of films; Internet resources; work in the Microsoft Word program) and digital technologies introduced into the educational process. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of assimilation of information by students of the considered ICT resources in different age groups. Development and testing of scientific and methodological support of regional history in the educational process, taking into account the use of digital technologies, includes the following aspects: theoretical description of digital technologies; the possibility of introducing into the educational process the study of regional studies; description of the pedagogical experiment.

Patriotic education while teaching mathematics.

The proposed article is devoted to one of the priority areas for the development of modern school education – the patriotic education of students. Important provisions of the Federal State Standards for Primary General Education, Basic General Education and Secondary General Education are presented. These are the requirements for the personal results of mastering these programs. One of the aspects of the problem identified is considered, namely, the patriotic education ofstudents and the organization of the corresponding activities. The role of school mathematics in solving this important problem is shown. A special place in the process of patriotic education is given to the history of mathematics

Improving Linguistic and Communicative Competences Using the Online Tool Padlet at Eighth Grade of General Basic Education

El uso de la plataforma online Padlet como herramienta educativa está ganando terreno poco a poco en el campo del aprendizaje del inglés debido a su potencial para mejorar el compromiso de los estudiantes. En vista a ello, se realizó la investigación que se presenta con el objetivo de analizar el mejoramiento del aprendizaje de inglés al nivel de 8vo grado de Enseñanza General Básica (EGB) a través del uso de Padlet como herramienta didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias lingüísticas y comunicativas. La investigación se realizó siguiendo los pasos metodológicos de un estudio cuantitativo, hipotético-deductivo y descriptivo. Con ello, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 56 estudiantes, de la cual, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario de 10 preguntas, se conoció acerca de las percepciones positivas de los estudiantes respecto al uso e influencia positiva de Padlet en el desarrollo de dichas habilidades necesarias para el aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa. Por último, se ejecutó un diseño experimental pretest-postest y la prueba de hipótesis t-Student para muestras relacionadas, corroborándose así la efectividad de la aplicación de Padlet al relatarse ciertos hallazgos referentes a la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación con las calificaciones de la asignatura de inglés obtenidas por el estudiantado en distintos períodos evaluativos.

Current issues of specialized education in the field of sports

The article is devoted to the topical issue of defining the essence of specialized education in the field of sports. The general trend of the development of the senior school is its focus on specialized training, orientation on wide differentiation, variability, multi-specialty, integration of general and pre-professional education. Specialized education is one of the key areas of modernization and improvement of the education system of our country. The model of specialized education in the conditions of specialized sports school can have different forms of organization. According to its structure and tasks, it is based on a certain profile, which involves accentuated study of a cycle of related subjects: basic, specialized and elective courses. Regarding to physical education, the basic general education subject is physical culture. Physical culture as a component of general culture lays the foundations for the preservation of health and the development of all its components, uses a comprehensive approach to the formation of mental and physical abilities and skills, improves physical and psychological training for active life, forms priorities for health-oriented physical lifestyle and provides a general cultural personality development. In the conditions of the specialized school of sports profile, it is possible to implement the tasks of specialized education according to kinds of sports in-depth study. In-depth study of sports is carried out either according to special programs and textbooks developed for a specialized subject, or according to the modular principle. In general, specialized education in the conditions of a specialized sports school should be aimed at general personality development, physical and psychological training of pupils, acquisition of general educational profile and initial pre-professional training in the field of physical education.

An analysis of the primary and general education system's development in the Chechen Republic for 2001–2021

Subject. This article discusses the role of the educational system in the integration of the Chechen Republic into a single economic space of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to compare the North Caucasian Federal District regions according to various parameters reflecting the level of development of the educational system. Methods. For the study, we used the comparative analysis methods. Results. The article finds that within the period from 2001 through 2021, thanks to the implementation of programmes for the restoration and development of the social sphere of the Chechen Republic, the number of educational institutions in the region increased, and the proportion of those who received a certificate of basic general education in the total number of students increased. Conclusions. The active participation of the Chechen Republic in the implementation of State federal programmes and national projects should be supported. It is necessary to develop a set of measures aimed at improving the teaching profession status.

Experimentation and projects: a strategy to generate learning of Natural Sciences in students

This article aims to describe the implementation of experimentation and projects as strategies to generate learning of Natural Sciences in students of General Basic Education of secondary school. The methodology was descriptive with a mixed approach, a field, and a cross-sectional design. The instruments used were an interview with the teacher of the area, an initial diagnostic evaluation of 74 secondary school students, a satisfaction form after the implementation of the strategy, and a checklist to evaluate the results. It is concluded that the strategy implemented through a scientific classroom fair promotes meaningful learning, applying knowledge in real-life situations, and allowing students to make statements and justifications using scientific language, aligned with teaching for understanding science.

Validity and reliability of the questionnaire of academic knowledge of teachers of basic general education

Background: The concern and analysis about the knowledge possessed by teachers of basic general education persists in academic debate and professional practice. It is noteworthy that in the studies consulted, there is no precise evidence that determines with accuracy the configurations of these knowledge factors that function as the basis of the teaching profession. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire on the nature or origin of the academic knowledge of teachers of basic general education, adapted from the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Competence Model. Methods: A methodological study was established that applies a test to the processes of reliability and internal consistency. The construct validity was performed through (n = 8) expert judges, using Cohen's Kappa. An exploratory factor analysis was performed following the criteria of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Coefficient (KMO), the Bartlett sphericity test and the principal components extraction method in the factor analysis with varimax rotation. The sample consisted of (n = 27) teachers of basic general education of the Ibarra Canton. Results: The results show a reliability analysis for the instrument obtained a Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.901), estimated to be an excellent level. Conclusions: The questionnaire is relevant, valid and reliable, adapting to the needs of teachers of basic general education to determine the nature or origin of the academic knowledge in a fast and reliable manner.

Ребёнок и Конституция России: разговоры о важном

Introduction. The presumption of knowledge of the law and laws of the state assumes that every citizen knows the necessary amount of legal information sufficient to fulfill the basic obligation to comply with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the study of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and basic laws is mandatory and should be integrated into educational programs at all levels. Special attention should be paid to the constitutional and legal education of children, because at this age the model of behavior, which a person will follow in the future, is laid. Theoretical analysis. The study of the Constitution of Russia in childhood and adolescence is based on the concept of meta-law, which asserts the unity of law, religion, philosophy, science, and art. In the educational paradigm of meta-law, the Constitution is perceived through spiritual and moral values, ethical, moral attitudes, confirming by legal authority the correctness of the ideas about what is due that the child has learned. The initial stage of studying the Basic Law of the country may coincide with the child’s study of the alphabet, when individual letters of the alphabet will be fixed in the child’s memory by the example of categories of constitutional law that are accessible to understanding. It is fruitful to address the content of the Constitution of Russia through the prism of elementary plots of folk tales reflecting the archetypes of popular consciousness. Through the fairy tale, the child is introduced to the national worldview, learns to recognize himself or herself as part of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, who embodied their political will in the Basic Law of the country. Folk art expresses an ideal presented in an artistic form. The Constitution legally formalizes the people’s idea. That is why legal folklore studies should be integrated into educational programs in literature, social studies, and jurisprudence. Works of children’s fiction devoted to the Basic Law of the country are the most correct form for the perception of the text of the Constitution by children aged six to eight. Serious discussions about the Constitution of Russia, the history of the constitutional idea in our country, political power and constitutional practice of the state should take place at high school age. The choice of a form of submission of constitutional and legal information is determined by mental generational characteristics of children in accordance with the information environment in which their formation and development took place. Results. The authors conclude that the theory of the Constitution should be integrated into the program of basic general education and offer the fundamentals of a specialized pedagogical strategy for studying the Constitution by children. The methodology of studying the Constitution by children determines the identity of the legal system of Russia, where moral norms, ethics, morality, culture are the co-regulators of law. The format of educational practices depends on the stages of growing up, socialization and individualization of the child.

The effectiveness of developing schoolchildren's science literacy in biology classes with a focus on the study of Genetics within a flexible blended learning model

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of schoolchildren’s functional literacy formation within the framework of blended learning. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of an electronic educational resource to achieve a stable increase in indicators of science literacy at the stage of compulsory education. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on the ideas of humanization, innovativeness in the formation of schoolchildren’s functional literacy, learner-centered and systematic approach to the organization of learning biology and genetics, and the educational process as a whole. Experimental work was conducted in 7 types of educational organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan: schools with in-depth study of a number of subjects, individual education schools, private schools, comprehensive secondary schools, basic general education schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. 191 schoolchildren, 9 teachers, 112 parents participated in the study. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis, meta-analysis, methods of analogy, comparison, modification, questionnaires, interviews; tests, and statistical data processing. Results. In the process of the research, the necessity of developing educational technologies and tools for implementing an integrated approach to the formation and development of science literacy at the stage of general education are substantiated. The role of studying Genetics in the formation of schoolchildren’s science literacy is clarified; trends and needs of school practice in teaching Genetics are revealed. The authors identify and describe the following prospects of using the technology of mixed learning and the electronic educational course for schoolchildren and parents called ‘Genetics for everyone: about the difficult’: updating knowledge about the influence of studying genetics on the formation and development of interest in biological sciences, increasing motivation to master knowledge about complex processes occurring in the microcosm, as well as expanding the prospects for the development of a new educational paradigm of personalization of students when using electronic educational materials in mixed learning courses. Conclusions. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of schoolchildren’s science literacy formation within the implementation of a flexible model; the proposed electronic educational resource ‘Genetics for everyone: about the difficult’ for schoolchildren and parents contributes to the development of the subjective position of schoolchildren, provides a steady trend towards improving the quality of knowledge, and interest in Genetics as a science.

Ориентиры проектирования рабочей программы воспитания в контексте обновленных федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов

The study aims to present the main theoretical and practice-oriented aspects of designing the character building system of modern secondary schools based on the identification of problematic aspects in the development of a working programme for character building at schools, including taking into account the requirements contained in the updated federal state educational standards of primary general and basic general education. The paper reveals the main practical difficulties that the management teams of secondary schools may face when developing and implementing working programmes for character building; based on regulatory legal acts, the authors’ vision of how to resolve these problems is presented. The scientific novelty lies in the identification and justification of the main directions of improving the character building system at schools through the refinement and improvement of working programmes for character building. As a result, the possible didactic potential of consolidation of educational institutions for improving educational, methodological and practical character building work has been revealed.