Gender Peculiarities Research Articles

Фактори ризику, асоційовані з діабетичною нефропатією та їх клінічне значення

The purpose of the study was to highlight the most studied risk factors associated with the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy, with an emphasis on some important aspects that should be kept in mind by the physician. Materials and methods. Research materials are publications of national and foreign authors. The methods used were: system approach and system theoretical retrospective analysis of selected materials; generalization; medical and statistical method. Results and discussion. Timely diagnostics of diabetic nephropathy and elimination of risk factors of its development and progression are emphasized to be a difficult task of clinics of internal diseases particularly in conditions when amount of these risk factors is constantly growing. The most investigated risk factors associated with development and progression of diabetic nephropathy such as age, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid exchange, proteinuria are discussed in the article. Some peculiarities of correction of metabolic risk factors such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as well as hemodynamic risk factors such as arterial hypertension and intraglomerular hypertension participated in development and progression of diabetic nephropathy are discussed with consideration of acting recommendations. Some aged and gender peculiarities of change of glomerular filtration rate as well as a role of arterial hypertension in progression of diabetic nephropathy through albuminuria are considered. A significance of glycosylated hemoglobin level as an independent risk factors of microalbuminuria is demonstrated. A role of secondary lipid exchange disorders due to type 2 diabetes mellitus in reduction of glomerular filtration rate and elevation of albumin/creatinine ratio as well as albuminuria presence is emphasized. A necessity of urinal detection of nephrin and podocin levels for an early diagnostics of diabetic nephropathy and monitoring of renal glomerular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus is discussed. Some risk factors related to appearance of albuminuria as well as association of albuminuria and proteinuria with glomerular and tubular structural changes in kidney are considered. A clinical significance of albumin/creatinine ratio calculation as an alternative to daily urinal protein concentration measuring for diabetic nephropathy screening is emphasized. Some risk factors related to close positive correlation with this ratio are considered. A role of genetic factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy with a participation of known today some genes candidates and a necessity of genealogical anamnesis definition to reveal a patient’s susceptibility to development of diabetic nephropathy is discussed. Conclusion. The contemporary recommendations for control of glycemia, correction of dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension which allow significantly reduce a risk of kidney impairment in diabetes mellitus or inhibit a progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with albuminuria and proteinuria are given. A significance of detailed investigation of principles of development and progression of diabetic nephropathy for collaboration of effective diagnostic, treatment and preventive measures is emphasized

Гендерні особливості зорового сприйняття та переробки інформації у борців

. Purpose: to study gender peculiarities of visual perception and information processing of female wrestlers. Material and methods. The research involved 23 female and 22 male wrestlers, members of the national teams of Ukraine. We studied the perception and decision-making in testing conditions using the hardware and software complex «Multispychometer-05». The perception of visual information was studied by the perceptual speed test. The athlete was asked to find the missing element of geometric shapes among the proposed on the display screen. The task was to quickly and accurately recognize the missing element. The following indicators were determined: speed, performance, accuracy and efficiency of visual perception. Decision making was studied by a choice test among three stimuli of different colors. The stimuli appeared randomly, the task of the athlete was to respond quickly and accurately to the corresponding stimulus with the right or left hand. The speed of sensory response was studied by the test of determining the latent time of a simple visual-motor reaction. The sportsman was offered to react to a random stimulus as quickly as possible. The latency and stability of the reaction were determined. Results: the study of gender peculiarities of visual perception and information processing in wrestlers was conducted. For sports wrestling perception and processing of information is an important property that provides adequate decision-making in the fight with the active action of the opponent. The best indicator in the study of decision-making time, in terms of choosing stimuli among different external stimuli, was found in men. They make decisions more quickly in conditions of time limit than women. At the same time, women have a faster level of perception of visual information with simultaneous psycho-emotional stress. Men have a faster nature of information processing and decision-making on external visual stimuli. It is advisable to use the results of the study for the construction of training load of women in wrestling. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that the faster nature of visual perception in women who specialize in wrestling than in men wrestlers. The presence of faster decision-making in men wrestlers compared to women in the choice of an external stimulus was revealed. The slowing down of the time of visual-motor reaction in women against the background of the growth of psycho-emotional tension is established. Keywords: freestyle wrestling, elite sportsmen, visual-motor reaction, gender peculiarities.

The Issue Of Woman-Subject-IdentityAs An Attempt Towards Self-Representation Of Gender Naira Hambardzumyan

The aim of the research is to examine the features of woman-subject’s [15, p. 900] self-representation, as well as the identification of the gender peculiarities of women’s literature in the poems of female authors who lived and worked in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. In the present study the poems are analysed in terms of the gender stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. The actuality of the paper is conditioned by the attempt and analysis of the subjective manifestations of consciousness of female authors and the problem of woman - subject - identity as a presence of writing. Such kind of analysis has been attempted for the first time. Generalizing the binary gender manifestations of femininity and masculinity, we notice that they are revealed through aesthetic images, are peculiar to the consciousness of female authors and are expressed through the poetics of their works. Therefore, these texts were viewed from two perspectives: a. expression of gender-related world-image, b. presentation of a definite gender-related problem. Summarizing the study scientifically and theoretically, it should be noted that in the Ottoman Empire female discourse in various literary genres is revealed through structural and paradigmatic specific ethnic elements, therefore, a serious study of the poetics and typology of women’s writings with new methodological principles is required.

Gender Media Political Communicative Dominance: British Brexit Media Discussion

The article is devoted to the study of British politicians' male and female speech behavior in the discussion of Brexit by various media. The necessity of gender peculiarities studies is determined by the extreme importance and specific role of the media discourse which defines the

Communication within Couples - Function and Dysfunction

If we were to analyze most of the reasons for marital separation, we would come to the conclusion that many of them should have been subject to mediation rather than dissolution. The way in which the partners communicate as a couple positively or negatively influences the relationship between them and, through them, the relationship with the extended family. The level of self-esteem, fear of failure, fear of conflicts, dominance tendencies, cultural imperatives, etc. are among the main causes that influence the quality of communication between spouses. And if sociological and psychological theories see the conflict as only being a state that highlights the differences between partners, those that should later be subject to marital self-mediation, most individuals do not see the difference between conflict and scandal. They see conflict as an inevitable failure and its anticipation mainly creates the strategy of avoiding it than that of a frontal approach and solving the problem. Effective communication is based on the principle of openness towards the other and sincerity. The sincerity of one stimulates the sincerity of the other and the partners thus know the true feelings and needs of the other. The study aims to highlight the main resources of effective communication, insisting also on gender peculiarities in communication and specific dysfunctions in the message encryption algorithm.

Гендерные особенности передачи экспертного мнения при оказании речевого воздействия в англоязычной интернет-коммуникации в период пандемии

The article is devoted to the identification of gender peculiarities in applying the strategy of expert opinion demonstration as one of the ways to manipulate recipients on the Internet. On the basis of linguistic analysis of English blogs with expert content selected by the method of continuous sampling, specific speech tactics which express gender identity in the process of expert opinion presentation are characterized. The interdependence between the functional load of the blogs and the speech tools used by the bloggers is established and analyzed. It was revealed that female experts implemented the tactics of uncertainty, justification and intimacy expressed in conditional sentences, just to convey hesitation, means of semantic hyperbolization of speech, appeal to another person's opinion and the results of other people's research, quotes, dialogicity of utterances in the blogs. The blogs created by male experts featured implementation of the tactics of we-community, knowledge demonstration, intimidation, beliefs with high degree of textual cohesion, description of negative scenario in case of the expert's recommendations ignoring, rhetorical questions and adverb instead embedding, negative constructions and verbs in the imperative mood. The identified tactics and speech means used for these tactics implementation are qualified as gender markers of manipulative influence on the user through the expression of expert opinion.

ORGANIZATION OF BRAIN ACTIVITY IN MEN AND WOMEN DURING MENTAL PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS

The purpose of the study is to examine gender differences associated with the mental pronunciation of words in EEG coherence patterns.
 Materials and Methods. The authors studied the impact of gender differences on the characteristics of EEG spatial synchronization patterns associated with the mental pronunciation of words denoting direction: up, down, left, right, forward, backward. The study enrolled 10 boys and 10 girls, aged 21±3. 
 Results. The dominance of the left hemisphere was observed in young men, while the right hemisphere dominated in girls. Specific patterns of EEG coherence are formed in both left and right hemispheres. Discrimination of mentally pronounced words according to the EEG coherence values in young men is effectively implemented according to coherence patterns, which form separately in both left and right hemispheres, whereas in girls the coherence patterns of both hemispheres should be taken into account. Gender peculiarities in the structural and functional organization of the brain and the characteristics of its bioelectrical activity should not be underestimated, in particular, when developing a BCI based on EEG and inner speech. It is known that the internal (mental) pronunciation of words is reflected both in the cortical and superficially recorded bioelectrical activity of the brain. EEG recording of the activity has obvious advantages. However, so far little is known about manifestation of inner speech and its characteristics with respect to gender.
 Conclusion. The results obtained confirm gender differences in the EEG characteristics of the brain during the mental pronunciation of words denoting directions.

Gender Peculiarities of GULAG Perception: Comparative Content Analysis of Oral and Written Memories

The memoirs of GULAG prisoners are an underestimated source on the history of repression in the USSR, although written and oral memories allow a deeper understanding of what prisoners had to go through and complement the dry and incomplete data from official sources. In this study the memoirs of prisoners published on the resource of the Sakharov Center "Memories of the GULAG and their authors" and transcripts of video interviews with the repressed of the project "My GULAG" of the GULAG History Museum were used as a source. The paper analyzes the features of working with written and oral memories. The comparison of the results of content analysis in groups by gender as well as by the form of fixation of memories - written (memoirs) and oral (interview materials) – was carried out to identify various gender characteristics of perception and broadcasting of camp life. The analysis suggests that despite the gender differences in the perception and translation of the camp stage of life by men and women in written and oral memories the global view of former prisoners on the period of repression does not depend on gender or on the form of fixation of memories. The more texts of memoirs and transcripts of memories there are in the group, and the larger the group of texts is studied, the more common features of the perception of camp life appear. This confirms the hypothesis about the massive nature of large arrays of thematically similar texts.

Hormones and Sex-Specific Medicine in Human Physiopathology.

A prodigious increment of scientific evidence in both preclinical and clinical studies is narrowing a major gap in knowledge regarding sex-specific biological responses observed in numerous branches of clinical practices. Some paradigmatic examples include neurodegenerative and mental disorders, immune-related disorders such as pathogenic infections and autoimmune diseases, oncologic conditions, and cardiovascular morbidities. The male-to-female proportion in a population is expressed as sex ratio and varies eminently with respect to the pathophysiology, natural history, incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates. The factors that determine this scenario incorporate both sex-associated biological differences and gender-dependent sociocultural issues. A broad narrative review focused on the current knowledge about the role of hormone regulation in gender medicine and gender peculiarities across key clinical areas is provided. Sex differences in immune response, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and COVID-19 are some of the hints reported. Moreover, gender implications in occupational health and health policy are offered to support the need for more personalized clinical medicine and public health approaches to achieve an ameliorated quality of life of patients and better outcomes in population health.

Аналіз клінічних, генетичних і гендерних детермінант неефективного лікування в пацієнтів з артеріальною гіпертензією

Актуальність. Поліморфізм промоторної ділянки гену альдостеронової синтази CYP11B2 -344C/T (rs1799998) вiдiграє одну з ключових ролей в модуляції об’єм- і натрій-залежних механізмів артерiальноï гiпертензiï (АГ). Пошук маркерів ефективності антигіпертензивної терапії (АГТ) обумовлений частим недосягненням цільових рівнів АТ незалежно від характеру, дози антигіпертензивних препаратів (АГП), прихильності пацієнта до лікування.Мета. Метою роботи було визначити роль поліморфізму -344С/Т гену CYP11B2 в поєднанні з традиційними факторами ризику (ФР) в контролі артеріального тиску у пацієнтів з АГ ІІ-ІІІ ст.Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 93 пацієнта з АГ ІІ-ІІІ ст. Пацієнти були розділені на 2 групи: 1 гр . (n=38) – пацієнти з цільовим рівнем АТ на тлі АГТ, 2 гр. (n = 55) – пацієнти з АТ≥135/85 мм рт. ст. Всім пацієнтам виконували стандартні клініко-лабораторні дослідження, оцінювали ФР, виконували генотипування методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції з визначенням довжини рестрикційних фрагментів та визначенням гаплотипу -344С/Т CYP11B2.Результати. Групи пацієнтів з різними рівнями АТ були порiвнюванi за частотою модифікованих ФР, кількісним та якісним складом АГТ. У групі осіб з неконтрольованою АГ частка курців, а також пацієнтів з супутнім цукровим діабетом 2 типу була достовірно вище в порівнянні з пацієнтами 1 гр. Аналіз частот алель них варіантів гену -344С/Т CYP11B2 показав, що частка пацієнтів, що мають Т- монозиготний генотип, була достовірно вище серед пацієнтів 2 гр.Висновок. Наявність Т-алеліі TТ-генотипу -344С/Т CYP11B2 в поєднанні з множинними ФР асоціювалася з недостатнім контролем АТ , незалежно від АГТ.

The Experimental Study of the Effect of Functional-Variational Factors on the Results of Linguistic Testing

A feature of the presented study is a comprehensive approach to studying the reliability problem of linguistic testing results due to the several functional and variable factors impact. Contradictions and ambiguous views of scientists on the researched issues determine the relevance of this study. The article highlights the problem of equivalence of diagnostic potential and the complexity of closed and open test tasks. The issues of polymorphism and monomorphism of tests, as well as variability of tests on the sequence of different question forms and their ratio in one test, are revealed. The article authors substantiate the need for in-depth empirical research to further improve the basic quality design principles and improve tests for final testing of high school students. The main purpose of the study was to examine the controlled and uncontrolled factors that affect test results. This article represents a study conducted among the students of the 8th and 9th grades (N=332) and in the subject field of Ukrainian (as a native language). In the first phase of the study the criteria-oriented author's tests and questionnaires were used by the authors as research tools. Data analysis was performed using factor and analysis of variance (and other mathematical and statistical methods), which allowed proving the direct influence of the factor "form of test tasks" on the test results (impact power is up to 35%). The methodology of the study allowed us to determine the combination of forms of tasks that have the lower impact on test results and, accordingly, are characterized by the highest diagnostic reliability. In the second (refining) phase of the study, taking into account the previous results, it was found that the ratio of test questions, as well as their sequence, can also affect the test results and are detected depending on the gender characteristics of the test participants. According to the results of the research, some ideal externally-organized design of Ukrainian language tests for in-school control and classroom-assessment is proposed. It is provided by a combination of the multiple-choice questions and constructed-response questions in equal proportions in descending order of operational complexity of tasks (taking into account gender peculiarities of testing participants). The prospects for continuation and deepening of the research, connected with further study of the optimal empirically valid test structure, are substantiated. In the second (refining) phase of the study, taking into account the previous results, it was found that the ratio of test questions, as well as their sequence, can also affect the test results and are detected depending on the gender characteristics of the test participants. According to the results of the research, some ideal externally-organized design of Ukrainian language tests for in-school control and classroom-assessment is proposed. It is provided by a combination of the multiple-choice questions and constructed-response questions in equal proportions in descending order of operational complexity of tasks.

GENDER PECULIARITIES OF STUDENT YOUTH PREDISPOSITION TO VICTIM BEHAVIOR

The article represents theoretical and practical workouts concerning the main gender peculiarities of predisposition and manifestation of student youth victim behavior. Psychological factors and peculiarities of victim behavior in elder juvenile age have been analyzed in the article. Particular attention has been given to gender specificity of manifestation of victim behavior in elder juvenile age. Meaningful value has been given to the solution of the indicated problems of student youth in the context of preparation of a professional specialist, sufficient to self-realization of a personality. A person’s gender as oneself and in combination with other characteristics, profession or kind of occupation has a high coefficient of victimhood. It has been determined, that young boys are more inclined to aggressive victim, self-destructive hyper social behavior than young girls.Two-way behavior is peculiar for them: provocative, when another person is involved in causing harm, and self-inflicted, which is characterized by predisposition to risk, thoughtless actions, often dangerous for a person itself and for surrounding people. And also young girls are more inclined to dependent and helpless behavior than young boys. In other words young girls are not inclined to stand against in case of danger for various reasons: first of all, due to physical weakness, fear, misgiving of responsibility about own illegal or immoral actionsї, and secondly, because of setting on helplessness. Young girls, who are involved in crisis situations, seek for compassion and support of others, are in a role position of a victim, they more often are shy and conformal, experience subjective difficulties in activity organization and have low frustration tolerance. Peculiarities concerning the prophylactic work on preventing of victimhood have been highlighted. The main tasks of victimhood prophylaxis is detection and fixing of positive personality traits, formation of ability to make a choice independently, awareness of responsibility, timely resolution of conflicts.

Gender aspect in autobiographical works (based on Vaye Musk’s novel “A woman makes a plan”)

The gender peculiarities of female autobiographical writing on the basis of Maye Musk’s autobiographical novel “A woman makes a plan” are studied in the article. Special attention has been payed to the analyses of the gender writing studies of prominent scientists, namely the special features of the gender identity concept at the thematic level, male and female themes and the peculiarities of their presentation in the text. The results of research are supported by the examples and presented in two diagrams that show the correlation of male and female themes represented in the Maye Musk’s autobiographical novel “A woman makes a plan”. As it has been determined forbidden thematics which include description of women’s health, pregnancy, childbirth, violence in family are the most actively revealed in the novel and make up 23.5% of the total amount of themes. The theme of femininity, where the author focuses on describing female attractiveness, rejecting stereotypes about women, and describes her relationship with her mother, covers 22.9%. The career theme, which is typical for male writing, is represented by 17.0% and reveals the professional path of the author, highlighting victories and drawbacks in her career. The following themes namely the description of crisis situation and inner feelings (15.0%), the theme of family and childhood (9.2%) and the theme of motherhood and children (8.5%) are typical for female writing and belong to less presented thematics. The idealized description of father, which belongs to characteristic features of male writing, covers only 3.9%. It has been established that May Musk’s autobiographical novel combines themes of both male and female writing with female themes prevailing. Female thematics make up 79.1% and mаle themes cover only 20.9%. Among female thematics forbidden themes are the most actively revealed and among male thematics the theme of carreer prevails. This indicates that the author is a strong personality who overcomes the stereotypes of an ordinary woman and is able to update the model of a classical woman, demonstrating the strength of her character.

How teenagers view bullying: gender differences and psychological implications

The article describes psychological peculiarities and gender differences in how teenagers view the phenomenon of bullying; it delineates psychological implications and health impacts of bullying. The aim is to identify gender peculiarities of teenagers’ perception of bullying and its psychological implications on their health. The main method of this empirical study was questionnaire. Teenage participants received the approbated questionnaire developed by the authors of this article. The research determines how teenagers understand the causes and consequences of bullying, ascertains how teenagers are involved in bullying including the role behaviour, and identifies psychological peculiarities of bullying in relation to gender identification of participants. Responses to the questionnaire demonstrate that two genders equally participate in bullying. Girls and boys communicate experiencing negative emotions of anger, hate, aggression, pity, anxiety, fear, and offense both during direct involvement in bullying and during observation of bullying from aside. Teenage girls tend to be more involved in psychological bullying while boys are more involved in physical bullying. Conclusions. Teenage involvement in bullying necessarily involves negative emotions regardless of the role in bullying or gender of the participants. Psychological implications of bullying correlate to its strength and duration; can be short term and/or long term and affect individual well-being of all immediate participants of bullying stretching its negative impacts on psychological health even to adulthood. Therefore, systemic approach to prevent and oppose teenage bullying is indisputably pertinent.

Экспериментальное исследование усвоения идиом родного языка дошкольниками (психолингвистический подход)

The research objectives are as follows: to reveal the process of native idioms acquisition by preschoolers at the age of 4 to 7, to identify the difficulties preschoolers come across while learning idioms. The article considers the problems of forming preschoolers’ active and passive vocabulary, describes the factors influencing idiomatic expressions perception, emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to this issue. Scientific originality of the study involves developing a set of psycholinguistic tests aimed to analyze the process of idioms acquisition at the preschool stage of speech ontogenesis. The following conclusions are justified: from the age of four children can perceive and understand the figurative meaning of idioms, idioms perception is determined by gender peculiarities of thinking.

GENDER FEATURES OF POLYCOMMUNICATIVE EMPATHY OF LEADING STUDENTS

the article considered the problem of manifestation of polycommunicative empathy in students with strong leadership qualities. The role of empathy in the formation of students’ leadership style was analyzed. The study found that empathy is one of the most important features in the personality structure of a modern student leader, and its formation should be given special attention in higher education institutions. An empirical study of leadership skills revealed that about 29% of students have a high level of leadership skills. The analysis of gender peculiarities of the manifestation of polycommunicative empathy of students-leaders allowed to determine that empathy is better developed in girls than in boys. The article presents promising areas of development of the topic.

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY IN UKRAINE: ANALYSIS FOR THE PAST DECADE

Aim. The paper aims at analyzing the state of cancer epidemiology in Ukraine for the past decade specifying the age, gender, territorial and nosological peculiarities.
 Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the data analysis of the National cancer register of Ukraine for the 10-year period: starting from 2010 till 2019 years. The research was directed at studying and analyzing morbidity and mortality levels caused by malignant neoplasms, as well as age, gender, territorial and nosological peculiarities and the prevalence of nosological forms. Applied statistical methods include the analysis of the average and relative values, the calculation of indices of time series: growth rate and absolute growth, structural-and-logical analysis and systemic approach.
 Results and Discussion. The study has found that during the analyzed period of 2010-2019 years, the morbidity from malignant neoplasm in Ukraine increased, while the mortality level caused by oncologic pathology decreased. The morbidity and mortality among male population was higher in comparison with the female individuals. Over 50% of patients with firstly diagnosed "Malignant neoplasm" were identified in the early stages, but the share of detected patients with neglected form of oncologic pathology was increasing every year. One-year survival among the general population of patients with malignant neoplasms accounted 66,4-72,9%. The highest rates of morbidity have been fixed among male and female population, aged 70-79 years, while the highest death rate - among older individuals, 75-84 years of age. It has been defined that the age of 30-64 years wass characterized by high levels of morbidity and mortality rates in every sequential five-year group in comparison with the previous one. The hematological oncologic diseases were dominant in the structure of morbidity and mortality in young children and teenagers under 17 years. For the age category of 30-74 years, in female population the most common was breast cancer, in males - the cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lungs. For the analyzed period, Kirovograd Region occupies a leading position by morbidity level, while the Zaporizhzhia, Kirovograd and Dnipro Regions - are leaders in the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms.
 Conclusions. The analytical study of the oncologic and epidemiologic situation is an integral part in the development of an optimized system of oncologic care for Ukrainian population as it allowed to determine the age-gender and territorial groups, which require priory administrative attention concerning diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in oncology.

Gerotranscendence: a new approach to understanding successful ageing

Age and gender peculiarities of gerotranscendence have been studied. The results of the study allow us to talk about the heterogeneous andnon-linear dynamics in gerotranscendence formation. Gerotranscendence increases with age, which corresponds to the formation of positive attitude to aging, understanding that each age stage is unique, giving its own advantages in the development of personality. At the same time gender features of gerotranscendence have shown that women in general are more ready to accept age changes and themselves. The obtained results can be used in gerontopsychology and gerontopedagogy.

Гендерні особливості емоційного вигоряння у хворих на психосоматичні захворювання

Актуальність. Мета дослідження: виявлення гендерних особливостей симптоматичної структури емоційного вигоряння у працівників ризиконебезпечних професій, які страждають на психосоматичні захворювання. Матеріали та методи. Матеріал дослідження: 1 група (ПСЗ) – 274 пацієнта, які страждають на психосоматичні захворювання; 2 – конт­рольна група (ПЗ) – 1176 практично здорових, адаптованих. Методи дослідження – Методика ДРЕВ (В. В. Бойко), опитувальник SCL-90-R (L.R. Derogatis з спіавт.) в адаптації Н. В. Тарабріної, ієрархічний кластерний аналіз, однофакторний дисперсійний аналіз Фішера, ϕ* - кутове перетворення Фішера. Результати. У групі «практично здорових» жінок і у всіх представників чоловічого гендеру «вигоряючих» респондентів значущо менше (ϕ* ≥ 3,03; р < 0,0001). У «вигоряючих» жінок, які страждають на ПСЗ, шкали «Виснаження» значущо більші (р = 0,01), ніж у практично здорових. Показники усіх шкал опитувальника SCL-90-R у пацієнтів з ПСЗ обох гендерів мають більші значення у випадку виразного емоційного вигоряння (р>0,05). Висновки. У чоловіків емоційне вигоряння характеризується не тільки проявами резистенції, але й проявами фази виснаження. Селективне емоційне реагування, емоційно-моральна дезорієнтація та редукція професійних обов’язків, характерні для пацієнтів незалежно від гендерної належності, у чоловіків доповнюються симптомами емоційного дефіциту та емоційної відстороненості. Психосоматичні захворювання у жінок супроводжуються більш глибокими проявами емоційного вигоряння, ніж у практично здорових. Встановлена особлива роль у процесі емоційного вигоряння практично здорових представників жіночого гендеру симптомів тривоги та депресії.

Ретроспективний порівняльний аналіз фізичного розвитку дітей середнього шкільного віку

Objective: We determined the morphological indicators of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Lviv, established the differences between the anthropometric parameters of the children's population from other large cities of Ukraine, and assessed the trends in physical development changes over a long period. Materials and methods: According to the conventional methods of anthropometry, we examined 348 12-year-old schoolchildren (including 172 boys and 176 girls) studying at Lviv city general education institutions. Results: Gender peculiarities of morpho-functional development of 12-year-old schoolchildren in the large cities of Ukraine were revealed. They reflect the active endocrine remodeling of children, which is primarily inherent in the performance of girls. The values of individual anthropometric parameters, both among boys and girls, were determined to be significantly higher (p <0.05) than the National criteria (2013). At the same time, the height of Kyiv schoolgirls is smaller (p <0.05) against the national norms. During the analyzed period, pronounced accelerative processes were observed in the development of the 12-year-old children’s population in Kharkiv and Odessa, which indicates a certain dependence of the processes of growth and formation of the organism on the climatic and geographical conditions of habitat and the level of industrial development of the territory. The average statistical parameters of the basic indicators of physical development of Lviv schoolchildren are lower than the similar parameters of 12-year-old children in Poland. Conclusions: The obtained results of the study confirm our previous assumptions about the necessity to work out the regional standards for anthropometric indicators of middle age schoolchildren at the regional level and recommend to use them in the assessment of children's health by family doctors and pediatricians. In the future, it is planned to expand the list of major cities in Ukraine selected for our study, and increase the number of sample groups of 12-year-old schoolchildren, which will increase the level of statistical reliability of the results.