Full Family Research Articles

Семья как субъект правореализации на современном этапе развития российского законодательства

Today family as a collective subject of law enforcement performs a number of important for government functions: upbringing, educational, reproductive. Creation of conditions for full realization families` rights and opportunities becomes the State`s task. The article considers the problem of family recognition as an independent subject of law enforcement, reviews forms of rights realization by the family and its members, characterizes the main measures of state support, its influence on the level of legal protection and family well-being.

Genetic and phenotypic validation of whole body fat content measured across production phases of Atlantic salmon using dielectric and near infrared Interactance spectroscopy

Accurate and repeated whole-body fat (WBF) measurements across production phases are important for optimizing feed utilization, reducing production waste, safeguarding fish health, ensuring product quality and improving overall salmon production. However, the chemical extraction (reference) methods for WBF recording, although precise and accurate, are costly, destructive and have limited applicability for repeated measurements on live fish. This study validates two digital phenotyping technologies: Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) against the reference Soxhlet chemical extraction method. DS is a fast and non-destructive commercial fat meter, whereas the specially designed NIR interactance allows deep penetration (up to 10 mm) through the fish skin into the body. Approximately 2800 fish belonging to 35 full sibs fish families were recorded for WBF at mean body weight (BW) of ∼110, 300 and 750 g in parr, pre-smolt and post-smolt phases, respectively. The WBF percentage changed across the studied production phases: with parr having a mean of 11.3 % and coefficient of variation (CV = 11 %), pre-smolt decreasing slightly in both mean 10.9 – 11.1 % and CV (5.5 – 8.8 %) and post-smolt with an increase to 14.9 % and CV (8.5 %). Both methods performed well relative to the reference, with NIR (R2 = 0.77 – 0.91) slightly outperforming the DS (R2 = 0.61 – 0.71). Significantly high genetic estimates for NIR (h2 = 0.57 ± 0.04 – 0.62 ± 0.06) and DS (h2 = 0.38 ± 0.07 – 0.56 ± 0.10) signify the potential use of these digital technologies for improving WBF in future selective breeding. The low genetic correlations (rg = 0.22 ± 0.13 – 0.33 ± 0.14) across fresh and seawater phases raise questions about the generalizability of metabolic, lipid and feed efficiency research conducted in parr and pre-smolt phases in freshwater, to the post-smolt stage in seawater. The study highlighted the unexplored detail of the genetic regulation of WBF as fish undergoes production phases. Overall, these results will add to our understanding of genetic architecture for WBF and pave the way for digital phenotyping technologies to record complex but economically important traits and refine breeding strategies.

Intermediate type cystinosis with a novel CTNS variant in a child: a case report

Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a variant in the CTNS gene that leads to the accumulation of cystine in the body’s tissues. It has been classified into three subtypes based on its clinical presentation: severe infantile nephropathic cystinosis, intermediate mild form, and ocular non-nephropathic adult form. We report a teenage girl who presented with end stage kidney disease as her first presentation and was found to have corneal cystine crystals upon ophthalmic evaluation. Genetic testing confirmed that she has a CTNS variant, a CTNS variant c.520A > C p.(Ser174Arg) never described in the literature previously. Full family genetic screening supported the diagnosis. She was started on oral and ocular cysteamine and maintained on peritoneal dialysis for a few months and eventually underwent a successful deceased donor kidney transplantation. These findings expand the spectrum of CTNS gene variants and highlight the potential of atypical and severe presentations of this variant during adolescence.

Genetics and ontogeny are key factors influencing thermal resilience in a culturally and economically important bivalve

Increasing seawater temperatures coupled with more intense and frequent heatwaves pose an increasing threat to marine species. In this study, the New Zealand green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, was used to investigate the effect of genetics and ontogeny on thermal resilience. The culturally and economically significant mussel P. canaliculus (Gmelin, 1971) has been selectively-bred in New Zealand for two decades, making it a unique biological resource to investigate genetic interactions in a temperate bivalve species. Six selectively-bred full sibling families and four different ages, from early juveniles (6, 8, 10 weeks post-fertilisation) to sub-adults (52 weeks post-fertilisation), were used for experimentation. At each age, each family was exposed to a three-hour heat challenge, followed by recovery, and survival assessments. The shell lengths of live and dead juvenile mussels were also measured. Gill tissue samples from sub-adults were collected after the thermal challenge to quantify the 70 kDa heat shock protein gene (hsp70). Results showed that genetics, ontogeny and size influence thermal resilience in P. canaliculus, with LT50 values ranging between 31.3 and 34.4 °C for all studied families and ages. Juveniles showed greater thermotolerance compared to sub-adults, while the largest individuals within each family/age class tended to be more heat sensitive than their siblings. Sub-adults differentially upregulated hsp70 in a pattern that correlated with net family survival following heat challenge, reinforcing the perceived role of inducible HSP70 protein in molluscs. This study provides insights into the complex interactions of age and genotype in determining heat tolerance of a key mussel species. As marine temperatures increase, equally complex selection pressure responses may therefore occur. Future research should focus on transcriptomic and genomic approaches for key species such as P. canaliculus to further understand and predict the effect of genetic variation and ontogeny on their survival in the context of climate change.

The role of family relationships on adolescents' development and adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

In typical times, adolescents' relationships with family members influence changing cognitive, social, and physical aspects of their development. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, impacted the full family system in ways that were unprecedented. Scholars of adolescence worldwide were driven to understand how adolescents' relationships with family members changed due to these dramatic societal shifts and the influence these relationships had on adolescents' well-being. This systematic review examined two research questions with 189 articles published from 2020-2022: (1) How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted families with adolescents, including broader family functioning, family relationship qualities, and parenting? and (2) How has the pandemic or pandemic-related stressors interacted with family functioning, family relationships, and parenting of adolescents to impact adolescent well-being and adjustment? Additionally, examination of the relevant studies were divided into sub-themes of pandemic influence: (a) family environment and routines, (b) family difficulties, (c) parenting and parent-adolescent relationships, and (d) sibling relationships.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕТСКО-РОДИТЕЛЬСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ У ПОДРОСТКОВ СО СКЛОННОСТЬЮ К ВИКТИМНОМУ ПОВЕДЕНИЮ

The article examines the role of child-parent relations in the formation of victimization of the personality of adolescents. The relevance of the study is associated with an increase in the number of adolescents subjected to illegal actions, as well as with the contribution of the family environment, confirmed in many studies, to the formation of individual psychological characteristics of adolescents, including those that are predictors of victimization. The study involved 60 teenagers from full families with their own parents. In the course of the study, adolescents were divided into two groups according to their propensity for victim behavior and the type of victim behavior prevailing in the groups. The characteristics of attachment to parents were evaluated, as well as indicators of the relationship between parents and a child. The study confirmed the fact of a significant contribution of the family to the formation of adolescent victimization. The marker of a high level of victimization is largely the hostile relationship of adolescents with the father with the absence of a feeling of intimacy and interest. Hostility and inconsistency on the part of parents with an insufficient level of intimacy and positive interest have an impact on the formation of all types of victim behavior. The results obtained make it possible to develop recommendations for the prevention of victimization to reduce the number of victims and active participants in crimes among adolescents.

Prenatal exposure to environmental toxins and comprehensive dental findings in a population cohort of children.

Environmental toxins are known to have many impacts on growth and development in humans, starting in utero. Alterations in amelogenesis, caused by chemical and physical trauma that occur during the antenatal, perinatal and postnatal time periods, may result in developmental defects in deciduous and permanent tooth enamel, as demonstrated in animal studies. These defects can be clinically visible and result in a variety of morphological and functional problems in the dentition. Since enamel does not remodel after formation, it may serve as a permanent record of insults during organ development.Our primary purpose was to investigate any possible relationship between intrauterine exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (phenols and phthalates) and developmental defects in enamel in children, while also accounting for fluoride exposure. Our secondary purpose was to report descriptively on findings from comprehensive dental examinations performed on 356 children that were drawn from the general paediatric population. A cohort of children from the Utah Children's Project (N = 356) that had full medical exams, comprehensive medical and family histories and available biospecimens were given extraoral and intraoral examinations. They also completed an oral health questionnaire. Standardized intraoral photographs were taken of the teeth and viewed by standardised examiners and the dental observations were recorded for a full inventory of findings, including: tooth morphology, caries, restorations, colorations, attrition, erosion, fractures and hypomineralization. Perinatal maternal urine samples were assessed for the concentration of fluoride, phenols and phthalates, including bisphenol A (BPA).Pairwise statistical analyses were done to correlate the dental findings with one another and with the presence of environment chemicals found in the urine samples. Hypomineralization was the most common finding (96% of children; 37% of deciduous teeth, 42% of permanent teeth), consistent with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) described in other human populations. No consistent correlations were seen between dental findings and the presence of phenols and phthalates in prenatal urine, but the number of samples available for the assessment was limited (n = 35).In conclusion, we found a high proportion of dental hypomineralization in a population based paediatric cohort, but did not find an association with prenatal exposure to phenols and phthalates.

Validation and genetic parameters of the X-ray method for phenotyping individual feed intake in Atlantic salmon

Feed efficiency is a highly desirable breeding goal trait as it can potentially reduce the relative economic cost of feed and concurrently reduce the environmental footprint of fish production. However, recording feed intake is a bottleneck in Atlantic salmon production. We recorded feed intake in 700 Atlantic salmon parr from 34 full sibling families using the X-ray method, where fish were fed feed containing radio-opaque beads and subsequently X-ray imaged one time after a full meal corresponding to the daily ration. In parallel, we cultured siblings from the same 35 families in duplicate family tanks of 25 individuals per tank and recorded the daily feed intake of each family at the tank level, which is known as the gold standard tank-based method. The heritability estimate for daily feed intake in Atlantic salmon using the X-ray method was significantly different from zero (0.19 ± 0.06) and was genetically correlated to growth-related traits (rg = 0.48–0.81). Daily feed intake at the family level with the X-ray method was highly genetically correlated to the daily feed intake traits using the tank-based feeding method at 0.78–0.82, depending on whether the comparison was made at a common time, common weight, or cumulative feed intake for the entire period. Whilst the X-ray method holds promise for research on the genetic background of feed intake and feed efficiency, more studies are needed to investigate the feasibility during the sea phase of Atlantic salmon production.

Evaluation of Genetic Parameters and Comparison of Stress Tolerance Traits in Different Strains of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Litopenaeus vannamei stands out globally in aquaculture for its fast growth, broad salt tolerance, disease resistance, and high protein levels. Selective breeding requires the precise estimation of the variance components and genetic parameters for important traits. This study formed lineages from 20 full sibling families of L. vannamei, with progenitors from Thailand and the USA. We then assessed the genetic resilience traits of juvenile shrimp from these families to high ammonia-N, high pH, and low salinity by performing a 96 h acute toxicity test. Mortality rates for the families under 96 h exposure to high ammonia-N, high pH, and low salinity were 19.52-92.22%, 23.33-92.22%, and 19.33-80.00%, respectively, showing significant variance in stress tolerance among families (p < 0.05). Survival heritability estimates, using threshold male and female models, were 0.44 ± 0.12 in high ammonia-N, 0.41 ± 0.12 in high pH, and 0.27 ± 0.08 in low salinity, respectively. Genetic correlations between growth and stress resistance traits varied from 0.0137 ± 0.2406 to 0.8327 ± 0.0781, and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.0019 ± 0.0590 to 0.6959 ± 0.0107, indicating a low-to-high positive correlation significant at (p < 0.05). It was found that the survival rate of families No. 2 and No. 9 was higher under high ammonia-N and high pH stresses, while the survival rate of family No. 10 was higher under low salinity stress after comparing two selection criteria, the breeding values and phenotypic values. Thus, these three families are identified as potential breeding program candidates. Through the creation of a genetic parameter estimation model, the genetic variances across mating combinations for stress resistance traits were obtained and families with heightened stress resistance were identified, laying the groundwork for enhanced genetic selection of L. vannamei.

Vanishing of quartic and sextic twists of L-functions

Let E be an elliptic curve over Q\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\mathbb {Q}}}$$\\end{document}. We conjecture asymptotic estimates for the number of vanishings of L(E,1,χ)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L(E,1,\\chi )$$\\end{document} as χ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi $$\\end{document} varies over all primitive Dirichlet characters of orders 4 and 6, subject to a mild hypothesis on E. Our conjectures about these families come from conjectures about random unitary matrices as predicted by the philosophy of Katz-Sarnak. We support our conjectures with numerical evidence. Compared to earlier work by David, Fearnley and Kisilevsky that formulated analogous conjectures for characters of any odd prime order, in the composite order case, we need to justify our use of random matrix theory heuristics by analyzing the equidistribution of the squares of normalized Gauss sums. To do this, we introduce the notion of totally order ℓ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell $$\\end{document} characters to quantify how quickly the quartic and sextic Gauss sums become equidistributed. Surprisingly, the rate of equidistribution in the full family of quartic (resp., sextic) characters is much slower than in the sub-family of totally quartic (resp., sextic) characters. We provide a conceptual explanation for this phenomenon by observing that the full family of order ℓ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell $$\\end{document} twisted elliptic curve L-functions, with ℓ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell $$\\end{document} even and composite, is a mixed family with both unitary and orthogonal aspects.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ТИПА СЕМЬИ И МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕБЕНКА

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of oral mucosa diseases in preschool children living in the Republic of Tatarstan, taking into account family type and morphofunctional development. The subject of the study is diseases of the oral mucosa in preschool children.&#x0D; The goal is to study the effect of family type on the occurrence of oral mucosal diseases in preschool children depending on their morphofunctional development.&#x0D; Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of the UniDent dental clinics chain, as well as in the «Fairy Tale» preschool commercial institution and municipal preschool institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The voluntary study involved 2,556 children of both sexes from 2,429 families. The children examined were divided into groups depending on the type of family. The study identified 5 types of families: full families, single-parent families, extended families, restored families, and replacement families.&#x0D; Results and discussion. The most vulnerable were children from the replacement families, the prevalence of which reached 100%, the least prone children from full families – 40.7%. Some of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa were acute herpes stomatitis and traumatic injuries of oral mucosa. Analysis showed that the group of 4.6–6 years recorded the highest prevalence of diseases. No significant difference was found in the study of the effect of sex on the occurrence of oral mucosa diseases.&#x0D; Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of oral mucosal diseases, however, the disparate prevalence of these diseases in children depending on the type of family. There were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of oral mucosal disease. The data obtained on the high prevalence of oral diseases among preschool children indicate a steady increase in dental morbidity, as well as the influence of the child's family type.

Furthering the Development of Virtual Agents and Communication Robot Devices through the Consideration of the Temporal Home

This paper extends current research on Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) within Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), focusing on how future virtual agents and communication robots can support the temporal structures and routines within the home. We recruited representatives from 15 households with varied compositions, ranging from single inhabitants to full nest families. Drawing upon P.G. Wodehouse’s The Inimitable Jeeves as an inspiration, the methodology sought to imitate the relationship between a recruitment agency worker (researcher) and an employer (participant) seeking to hire a personal assistant (e.g., a virtual agent or communication robot device) for their home. A ‘household audit’ comprising a guided household tour and an architectural survey was conducted to ascertain the nuanced spatiotemporal routines within the home. The study analysed the responses of participants using the Labovian narrative schema, a traditional method in linguistics research. The findings were then examined through the lens of Reddy et al.’s temporal features of work to understand how domestic work unfolds within the home from a temporal perspective. We argue that the temporal concepts discussed by Reddy et al. provided valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of everyday activities and could inform the design of virtual agents and communication robotic devices to fulfil their roles as domesticated ‘personal assistants’.

A Multilevel Boost Converter with Reduced Inductor Current

DC–DC converters are gaining attention due to their importance in key applications like renewable energy generation. A desirable feature in new DC–DC converters is a reduction in the size, which can be achieved with a reduction in the energy stored in the inductors. This article introduces a new step-up DC–DC converter topology with the following advantages: (i) a larger relation of duty cycle vs. voltage gain compared with the classical boost topology and (ii) an inductor with smaller current and smaller inductance (for the same power conversion characteristics) compared to the traditional boost converter. The smaller inductor current is an advantage against many step-up topologies with the inductor in series with the input (and then the input and the inductor currents are equal). The necessary inductance to achieve a certain current ripple is also reduced compared to the classical boost topology. This results in an inductor with a smaller amount of stored energy, lower inductance, and lower current. The proposed topology can be scaled to have a full family of large-voltage-gain converters. This paper presents the mathematical analysis, simulations, and experiments to assess the benefits of the proposition.

Anion optimization for bifunctional surface passivation in perovskite solar cells.

Pseudo-halide (PH) anion engineering has emerged as a surface passivation strategy of interest for perovskite-based optoelectronics; but until now, PH anions have led to insufficient defect passivation and thus to undesired deep impurity states. The size of the chemical space of PH anions (>106 molecules) has so far limited attempts to explore the full family of candidate molecules. We created a machine learning workflow to speed up the discovery process using full-density functional theory calculations for training the model. The physics-informed machine learning model allowed us to pinpoint promising molecules with a head group that prevents lattice distortion and anti-site defect formation, and a tail group optimized for strong attachment to the surface. We identified 15 potential bifunctional PH anions with the ability to passivate both donors and acceptors, and through experimentation, discovered that sodium thioglycolate was the most effective passivant. This strategy resulted in a power-conversion efficiency of 24.56% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.19 volts (24.04% National Renewable Energy Lab-certified quasi-steady-state) in inverted perovskite solar cells. Encapsulated devices maintained 96% of their initial power-conversion energy during 900 hours of one-sun operation at the maximum power point.

ЗУБОЧЕЛЮСТНЫЕ АНОМАЛИИ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИОТ ТИПА СЕМЬИ И МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕБЕНКА

Introduction. Dentоfacial deformities in preschool children do not show any downtrend. Studying how various factors affect their occurrence and development is of undoubted interest. Our aim was to study the impact of family types on the prevalence and nosology of dental system diseases. Materials and Methods. 2,556 children were examined, aged one to six years, of both genders, and from families of different types. To statistically process the study findings, descriptive statistics methods were used. Integrity was assessed in the compared groups by averaging and computing error in mean, using Student’s t-test. Results and Discussion. Prevalence of dental abnormalities among preschool children was higher among boys of all ages (63.6±1.353%), as compared to girls (57.5± 1.376%). It was found that children from substitute families were most susceptible to dental abnormalities. Prevalence of dentoalveolar deformities was in 100% of cases in all age groups in children from adoptive families. High prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies was also recorded in preschool children living in incomplete families, i.e., in 82±2.78% of cases. The lowest prevalence of dentoalveolar deformities was found in children living in full families, i.e., in 56.1±1.129% of cases, and in extended families, i.e., in 59.2±3.367% of cases. In children living in reconstituted families, dentoalveolar abnormalities are found less frequently (78.9±3.167%) than in children living in substitute and one-parent families, but more frequently than in children living in nuclear and extended families. When analyzing the structure of dentoalveolar anomalies, it was found that most often there were bite pathologies (prognatic and deep bites), as well as abnormalities of dental arches. The least common pathology of the jawbone system in the examined children turned out to be the cross-bite pathology. Older age group children (aged 4.6-6 years) are most susceptible to dentoalveolar abnormalities as compared to other ages of preschool children. Conclusions. Data presented in this article are of practical importance for implementing and developing preventive measures, considering the type of family and the morphofunctional development of the child.

Proactive familial cancer risk assessment: a service development study in UK primary care.

Family history assessment can identify individuals above population-risk for cancer to enable targeted Screening, Prevention, and Early Detection (SPED). Family History Questionnaire Service (FHQS) is a resource-efficient patient-facing online tool to facilitate this. In the UK, cancer risk assessment is usually only offered to concerned individuals proactively self-presenting to their GP, leading to inequity in accessing SPED in the community. To improve access to community cancer genetic risk assessment and explore barriers to uptake. Service development project of a digital pathway using the FHQS for cancer risk assessment across four general practices within the clinical remit of the South West Thames Centre for Genomics (SWTCG). 3100 individuals aged 38-50 years were invited to complete the FHQS through either text message or email. A random selection of 100 non-responders were contacted to determine barriers to uptake. In total, n = 304/3100 (10%) registered for the FHQS. Responders were more likely to be British (63% vs 47%, P<0.001), speak English as their main language (92% vs 76%, P<0.001), and not require an interpreter (99.6% vs 94.9%, P = 0.001). Of 304 responders, 158 (52%) were automatically identified as at population-risk without full family history review. Of the remaining 146 responders, 52 (36%) required either additional screening referral (n = 23), genetics referral (n = 15), and/or advice to relatives (n = 18). Of 100 non-responders contacted, eight had incorrect contact details and 53 were contactable. Reasons for not responding included not receiving invitation details (n = 26), losing the invitation (n = 5), or forgetting (n = 4). The FHQS can be used as part of a low-resource primary care pathway to identify individuals in the community above population-risk for cancer requiring action. This study highlighted barriers to uptake requiring consideration to maximise impact and minimise inequity.

The Impact of Family Complexity on the Risk of Developmental Delay and Socio-Emotional Difficulties in Early Childhood

The aim of this research is to examine how developmental progress and socio-emotional difficulties in early childhood are influenced by family complexity, and how socioeconomic status (SES) and interparental conflict influence these effects. To measure family complexity, full biological families, two-biological-parent families with half- and/or step-siblings, step-parent families, and single-parent families were separated. Dependent variables include the risk of developmental delay (based on ASQ-3) and socio-emotional difficulties (based on SDQ) at age 3. The data come from four waves of the Cohort ’18 Growing Up in Hungary longitudinal birth cohort study (n = 5788). Based on the results, children in all non-intact family types have a higher risk of developmental delay than do children from full biological families, when controlled only for the basic socio-demographic characteristics of children and mothers. However, controlling for family SES or interparental conflict as well, only children raised by a step-parent have a higher risk. Considering socio-emotional difficulties, children living with their biological parents but also with half- or step-siblings, or in a single-parent family, were at higher risk, even adjusted for interparental conflict. After controlling for family SES, however, only children in single-parent families have a higher risk. Parental conflict and low family SES have significant negative effects on both child outcomes, even in intact families, and together these seem to explain the adverse effect of non-intact family types. To conclude, children’s outcomes in the early years depend not only on whether they live with both their biological parents, but also on whether they are raised with half- and/or step-siblings or by a step-parent. That said, in many cases the negative impacts are due to selection effects, i.e., the fact that children of low-status parents are more likely to live in non-intact families.

One-dimensional Townes solitons in dual-core systems with localized coupling.

The recent creation of Townes solitons (TSs) in binary Bose-Einstein condensates and experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in solitons propagating in dual-core optical fibers has drawn renewed interest in the TS and SSB phenomenology in these and other settings. In particular, stabilization of TSs, which are always unstable in free space, is a relevant problem with various ramifications. We introduce a system which admits exact solutions for both TSs and SSB of solitons. It is based on a dual-core waveguide with quintic self-focusing and fused (localized) coupling between the cores. The respective system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equationsgives rise to exact solutions for full families of symmetric and asymmetric solitons, which are produced by the supercritical SSB bifurcation (i.e., the symmetry-breaking phase transition of the second kind). Stability boundaries of asymmetric solitons are identified by dint of numerical methods. Unstable solitons spontaneously transform into robust moderately asymmetric breathers or strongly asymmetric states with small intrinsic oscillations. The setup can be used in the design of photonic devices operating in coupling and switching regimes.

Recurrent child protection post-investigation services for First Nations children in the province of Quebec

BackgroundThe longitudinal trajectory of Indigenous children within child protection (CP) services, including their recurrent involvement, has yet to be documented. Objectives1) To document whether First Nations children were at increased risk of a first recurrence of post-investigation CP services compared to children from the majority group. 2) To identify the characteristics associated with recurrence for First Nations children, and to compare these results to those for children from the majority group. MethodAnonymized CP administrative data (2002–2014; n = 1150) of a region in the province of Quebec were used to conduct Cox proportional hazards modeling, in partnership with an advisory committee. ResultsThe risk of recurrence of First Nations children did not significantly differ from the risk for children from the majority group (HR: 0.980, n.s.) while controlling for covariates. Among First Nations children (n = 459), being under two at the case closure (HR: 2.718, p < .05), having received short-term intervention (HR: 5.027, p < .001) and coming from a family already known to the CP agency (HR: 2.023, p < .001) were associated with an increased risk of recurrence. ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of studying First Nations children's trajectories within CP services as a group deserving full attention and for First Nations to be able to design or demand appropriate services responding to their population's needs. A family-based research perspective is recommended to understand better the full family history leading to and in relation to CP services, which could provide more sound practice recommendations.

Взаимоотношения с родителями подростков из полных/неполных семей и статус среди одноклассников

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective. &lt;/strong&gt;Identification of meaningful features of the ratio of adolescents' self-esteem of status among classmates and stylistic aspects of interactions with parents among students from full and incomplete families.&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background. &lt;/strong&gt;Family and school are the most important institutions of a teenager's socialization. In the course of the social relationships developing here, value orientations are formed, norms of social role behavior are mastered, fundamental changes related to the development of personality occur. It is clear that, from a socio-psychological point of view, a teenager's involvement in these institutions does not exist in isolation; meaningful life contexts intersect, often acquiring a conflict character. In connection with the general trend of increasing single-parent families, a comparative study of indicators characterizing the features of socialization of adolescents from full and single-parent families is of particular relevance for the organization of the educational process among primary and high school students.&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design. &lt;/strong&gt;The paper studied the opinions of adolescents with different self-assessment of their status in the classroom ("leaders" and "outcasts") regarding a number of indicators that characterize the stylistic features of their interaction with parents: "significant other" in the immediate environment; parents' acceptance of the personal position ("opinions") of a teenager; forms of punishment of parents and reaction to them a teenager. A comparison of the stylistic features of the relationship between students and parents in full and single-parent families is carried out, depending on the self-assessment of the status ("leader" or "outcast") among classmates.&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants. &lt;/strong&gt;40575 students in grades 7-11 from 17 regions of the Russian Federation. Subsamples: from full families &amp;ndash; 73,7%; from incomplete families &amp;ndash; 26,3%; in a full family: "leaders" in the class &amp;ndash; 7,0%, "outcasts" in the class &amp;ndash; 4,7%; in a single-parent family, respectively: 6,5% and 5,8%.&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements. &lt;/strong&gt;Anonymous survey using an author's questionnaire containing closed questions. The processing of the research materials was carried out using the statistical software package SPSS 21 and StatSoft Statistica 7.0. To compare the proportions observed in two independent samples and expressed as percentages, the chi-square criterion was used in the module "Basic statistics &amp;ndash; Difference tests" of the StatSoft Statistica 7.0 package. Factor analysis using the method of selecting the Main components with rotation according to the criterion Kaiser's Verimax.&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results. &lt;/strong&gt;The analysis of the characteristics of the frequency of distribution of students' responses regarding various aspects of their relationship with parents showed that such social parameters as completeness/incompleteness of the family in which the teenager is brought up and his self-assessment of status among classmates differentiate the opinion of schoolchildren about the stylistic features of child-parent relations. The results of the factor analysis allowed us to identify four factors that characterize the peculiarity of the relationships between different aspects of the relationship of adolescents with their parents: "authoritarianism &amp;mdash; democracy"; "upholding independence in relations with parents"; "seeking consent &amp;mdash; limiting the child's social contacts"; "striving to defend their position &amp;mdash; prohibition of interpersonal contacts with friends". The interrelation of the features of the socio-psychological interaction of a teenager with his parents and his well-being in the class team is revealed.&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/strong&gt; The results obtained indicate a kind of mutual projection of the socio-psychological relationships of a teenager with his parents and his interactions with classmates. In this regard, school educational programs should take into account the types of child-parent relationships that develop in full and incomplete families. The problem of the socio-psychological well-being of a teenager requires coordination of the efforts of the family and the school, taking into account the age-specific features of development.&lt;/p&gt;