Free Style Research Articles

아버지의 양육참여와 세대간 신앙계승과의 관계

본 연구는 한국의 복음주의적 장로교회에 출석하는 아버지들의 신앙양육 참여가 세대간 신앙계승과 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 조사하였다. 한국의 복음주의적 장로교회에 출석하는 아버지로서 유치부에서 중등부 사이의 자녀를 둔 아버지 388명을 대상으로 모바일 설문지를 통하여 실시된 양적연구를 통하여, 아버지의 신앙심, 아버지로서의 역할에 대한 태도, 아버지의 양육참여도, 그리고 가정안에서의 신앙 활동이 어떤 상관관계를 가지는지 조사하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 한국의 크리스천 아버지들은 자신들의 신앙을 매우 중요시 여기며, 자녀 양육에도 비교적 적극적으로 참여하고 있는 반면, 가정 안에서 신앙적 활동은 적극적으로 수행하고 있지 않다. (2) 한국의 크리스천 아버지들의 개인의 신앙심, 아버지로서의 역할에 대한 태도, 양육참여도는 가정안에서의 신앙활동과 매우 밀접한 상관관계가 있다. (3) 아버지의 학력이 대학원 이상일 때, 아버지의 교회 직분이 목회자일 때, 그리고 부모교육 과정에 참여한 경험이 있을 때 가정 안에서의 신앙활동 빈도가 높아진다. 따라서, 교회의 지도자들은 신앙계승에 있어서의 아버지의 중요성을 더욱 강하게 인식하여 교회에서 아버지의 신앙 양육 참여를 독려하여 더욱 활발한 신앙계승이 일어날 수 있도록 할 필요가 있다. 우선 아버지들이 지속적으로 그들의 개인 신앙을 키워나갈 수 있도록, 아버지들의 신앙적 필요에 부합하는 훈련과 양육 프로그램을 지속적으로 제공해 주어야 하고, 자녀양육과 신앙계승에 필요한 실질적인 자료와 교육의 기회를 제공해 주어야 하며, 더 나아가 지속적으로 그들의 역할을 감당할 수 있는 영적, 정서적, 관계적 지원 시스템을 마련해야 할 것이다.

ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT SWIMMING

Sample consisted of 30 (16 male and 14 female) participants born in year 2000 +6 months and -6months who attended Gymnasium in Prijepolje in period May 2018. The research concerned with introductionof swimming into elementary and high schools, as well as universities and the questionnaireon knowledge about 100 m free style swimming.Likert scale was used and it consisted of a number of statements which cause positive ornegative attitude towards swimming. Participants were asked to express the level ofagreement on a scale with odd number of units. Total attitude is obtained by summing up theanswers. Scale is designed in the following manner: application of statements on a group ofassessors who express their level of agreement with every statement on scale 1–5. Statement:Swimming should be introduced as course at universities was assessed affirmativelyby 100% of male students and 85.71% female students, whereas the statement:swimming should be introduced as subject at elementary and high schools was assessedaffirmatively by 87.5% of male students and 71.42% of female students.

«DRAFT CHELOBITNAYA» BY FOREMAN V. ZORIN IN THE STRELTSY UPRISING OF 1698: GROUNDS FOR REVISING THE SOURCE STUDY STATUS OF THE DOCUMENT

The article studies relevancy of the historiographic tradition (it dates back to the 17th century) to consider the document draft chelobitnaya to Peter I by foreman V. Zorin in the events of the rebellion of 1698 as a kind of chelobithayas. The author proposes the hypothesis and confirms the relevance of revising the source study status of the document and giving it the status of a letter. The verification procedure is carried out in accordance with the current source classification on the basis of detailed analysis of the document form. At the same time, the facts presented by the draftsman are verified by the author as historical facts. Besides, the author formulates the new name of the document. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historism and multifactority of the historical process. The author uses historical-antropological approach as well as comparative-historical, comparative-analytical and dialectical methods. Also, the author analyzes the essence and the content of the document form. Having undertaken the substantive consideration of the text of the draft chelobitnaya, the author notes the absence in it of mandatory signs characteristic of the petitions and tales of the end of the 17th century and concludes that there are grounds for classifying the document as a type of letter. The free style of writing best fit the hidden intentions and allowed the foreman V. Zorin to give the document the intended meaning of the rebellious manifesto. The author presents arguments allowing to interpret the Amen indicated in the statement as confirmation of the intention to fulfill the vow, with which the text of the document should be correlated. As a result of the study, the author formulates a new name for the document.

Зміна показників фізичної підготовки юних борців вільного стилю на етапі попередньої базової підготовки

Актуальність теми дослідження. Багаторічна підготовка борця вільного стилю довготривалий процес який триває у чоловіків від 10 до 15 років й складається з декількох етапів: початкової підготовки, попередньої базової підготовки, спеціалізованої базової підготовки, етапу підготовки до вищих досягнень. На кожному з цих етапів вирішуються певні завдання. Етап попередньої базової підготовки передбачає у першу чергу зміцнення здоров’я юних спортсменів, усунення недоліків у рівні їхнього фізичного розвитку, підготовку до контрольного тестування із загальної та спеціальної фізичної підготовки. Необхідно відмітити, що досліджень, які б характеризували вищезазначене ми не знайшли, тому доречним було проведення констатувального експерименту за результатами якого були зроблені певні висновки. Мета дослідження – здійснити порівняльну характеристику показників загальної та спеціальної фізичної підготовленості юних борців вільного стилю впродовж 1-го року навчання у групах попередньої базової підготовки. У експерименті взяли участь учні дитячої юнацької спортивної школи № 1 міста Хмельницького у кількості 20 осіб, вагової категорії 52 кг. Методи дослідження: аналіз, узагальнення та систематизація наукових літературних джерел; педагогічні методи дослідження (педагогічне спостереження, констатувальний педагогічний експеримент, педагогічне тестування); методи математичної статистики. Результати роботи та ключові висновки – у процесі дослідження виявили, що із семи тестових випробувань упродовж річногоциклу підготовки значно покращився результат тільки в одному показнику, а саме підтягуванні на перекладині, він склав 31,8 %; дещо покращилися шість інших показників. Щодо тестових випробувань, які характеризують рівень розвитку спеціальної фізичної підготовленості, то всі вони мали лише певну тенденцію до покращення.

«Actual intoning» in the vocalperforming practice of Tetiana Vierkina (based on the romance repertory)

«Actual intoning» in the vocalperforming practice of Tetiana Vierkina (based on the romance repertory)

Muscle Glycogen Content during Endurance Training under Low Energy Availability

The present study investigated the effects of three consecutive days of endurance training under conditions of low energy availability (LEA) on the muscle glycogen content, muscle damage markers, endocrine regulation, and endurance capacity in male runners. Seven male long-distance runners (19.9 ± 1.1 yr, 175.6 ± 4.7 cm, 61.4 ± 5.3 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [V˙O2max]: 67.5 ± 4.3 mL·kg·min) completed two trials consisting of three consecutive days of endurance training under LEA (18.9 ± 1.9 kcal·kg FFM·d) or normal energy availability (NEA) (52.9 ± 5.0 kcal·kg FFM·d). The order of the two trials was randomized, with a 2-wk interval between trials. The endurance training consisted of 75 min of treadmill running at 70% of V˙O2max. Muscle glycogen content, respiratory gas variables, and blood and urine variables were measured in the morning for three consecutive days of training (days 1-3) and on the following morning after training (day 4). As an indication of endurance capacity, time to exhaustion at 19.0 ± 0.8 km·h to elicit 90% of V˙O2max was evaluated on day 4. During the training period, body weight, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle volume were significantly reduced in LEA (P = 0.02 for body weight and skeletal muscle volume, P = 0.01 for fat-free mass). Additionally, muscle glycogen content was significantly reduced in LEA (~30%, P < 0.001), with significantly lower values than those in NEA (P < 0.001). Time to exhaustion was not significantly different between the two trials (~20 min, P = 0.39). Three consecutive days of endurance training under LEA decreased muscle glycogen content with lowered body weight. However, endurance capacity was not significantly impaired.

근대 한국 화단에서의 즉석휘호 합작과 변형

Collaborative instant calligraphy paintings were popular among modern Korean painters in the particular historical circumstances of the country’s annexation by Japan in 1910 and subsequent colonization. Such works were produced at gatherings at which several painter-calligraphers each painted a different motif or wrote a different piece of poetry or prose on a single canvas. Interestingly, while collaborative calligraphy paintings were rarely produced by poetry groups or at gatherings in 18th-century Joseon or Qing, they took place frequently at the painting and calligraphy gatherings that were prevalent throughout Japan from the late Edo to the early Meiji period. The nobility that led Japan in the late Meiji period-elite officials, military men and businessmen educated at least to university level-continued the creative methods of instant calligraphy painting.BR After Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, officials of the Residency General often held calligraphy and painting gatherings in the imperial house hold of the Daehan Empire. At meetings of fraternity associations such as Imunhoi (以文會) comprising high-ranking officials from Korea and Japan, figures from both countries formed cultural bonds through collaborative calligraphy painting. In addition, in the 1900s, when Japan was encouraging its citizens to migrate to the peninsula, Japanese painters in Korea such as Shimizu Toun (淸水東雲, 1869?~1929?) and Kubota Tennan (久保田天南, 1872~1940?) associated with Korea painter-calligraphers in private spaces such as Gyeongmukdang (耕墨堂) and produced collaborative calligraphy paintings.BR In order to investigate the introduction, development and changes that occurred to the collaborative calligraphy painting that became popular under the influence of Japan, I divided extant works of this type into three categories according to the nationalities of their painter-calligraphers. The first category includes works by Japanese nationals only; three works produced at Gyeongmukdang in approximately 1915. The second category includes works produced jointly by Japanese and Koreans such as high-ranking Japanese officials, pro-Japanese orean officials and Korean calligrapher-painters. One notable example in this category is a calligraphy painting jointly produced by Korean artists such as Kim Eung-won (金應元, 1855~1921) and Japanese figures. The third category comprises works produced by Koreans only. Features of such works include experiments such as dividing the canvas space in order to stop the spontaneous abandon of the creative process lowering the standard of the work; and painting the upper body of the destined recipient of the work in the middle of the canvas. Examples of this include two calligraphy paintings jointly produced by members of the Sanbyeok Poetic Society (珊碧詩社); one is now in the collection of Korea University Museum and the other in that of Sogang University Museum.BR The above collaborative calligraphy paintings are characterized by their free and spontaneous style and rendered in simple ink brush strokes, perhaps because they were produced in the presence of several observers. This demonstrates a totally different type of colonial cultural policy to the revealing of Japanese painting, with its unique sense of aesthetics, to the Korean public at the Joseon Art Exhibition from 1922 onwards. This is probably because ink painting offered a suitable way of highlighting the common points between Japan and Korea based on Japan’s assertion of the two countries’ shared nationhood and culture, as part of its colonial policy; and because the creative method involved in collaborative calligraphy painting was an effective way of forming cultural bonds as artists from each country observed each others’ creative processes. In conclusion, it appears that the fashion for collaborative calligraphy painting that appeared in modern Korean painting from 1910 was closely connected to Japan’s colonial cultural policy.

ANALISIS GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI KERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KOTA KENDARI

Thus, this research aims to: (1) To know the leadership style of the Head of Department to improve the employee motivation in Kendari Public Works Department. (2) To know the work motivation of employees at the Kendari Public Works Department.This research is qualitative research, which is research procedure that produces an analytical description of the written word and the behaviour of the object being observed. In this research, the determination of the informant set intentionally. Data was collected using three techniques, namely, observation, interviews and document analysis.The results showed that: 1) the dominant leadership style adopted by the Head of Department of Kendari Public Works is democratic leadership. This is based on interviews and analysis according to each indicator - free leadership style, autocratic, bureaucratic and undemocratic. All informants stated that the Head of the Kendari Public Works Department divides the tasks to subordinates in a fair and equitable, and using collaboration and discussion within the team to discuss the work and decision-making, this is in accordance with democratic leadership style indicator. While other leadership styles, there are several indicators that are not met. 2) Democratic leadership style adopted by the Kendari Head of the Public Works Department has not fully improved employee motivation. This is according to the results of the analysis and interviews on each indicator. As; still lack some office facilities and field facility at the sub-variable leadership attention on employee work environment; still, a lack of employees who follow the Structural Training, take formal education (bachelor and master) on the sub-variable provide opportunities for advanced. This is an indicator that can reduce the work motivation of employees of the Kendari City Public Works Department. Keywords: Leadership Style, The Work Motivation

Rationing training loads for free style wrestler in the light of some functional responses

The aim of the study is to identify the functional responses with changing intensity loads for free style junior wrestler, through the identification of the relation between theses functional variables and intensity load the sample of the study consist of (16) junior player from sports school the researcher have used the descriptive method and the most important result of this study is to recognize the contribution rate of some functional variables responses with changing intensity of training loads, and equations have been reached to predict each intensity load of changing intensity .

687-P: Early Detection of Insulin-Derived Amyloid Deposits in Abdominal Wall and the Management of Insulin Injection Site Using CGM and Abdominal Wall CT Examination

Purpose: Long-term injection of insulin preparations causes subcutaneous amyloid deposits called "insulin balls", leading to impaired blood glucose control due to delayed absorption of the drugs. In order to get therapeutic effects of insulin, proper selection of the injection site is quite essential. Subcutaneous amyloid deposition in abdominal wall can be detected by CT examination. The present study was conducted to establish a method for detection of insulin-derived amyloid deposits and the management of insulin injection site by the combination of continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) and abdominal wall CT examination. Methods: The present study included 120 T2DM patients who were treated with insulin preparations over 5 years. Two weeks CGM was performed using Free Style Libre Pro. In case of significant day-to-day variation in blood glucose control, abdominal wall CT was performed to detect amyloid deposition. Results: As shown in Figure, abdominal wall CT revealed that subcutaneous amyloid deposition is caused not by ultra-short acting insulin but by long-acting insulin. Blood glucose control was stabilized by insulin injection avoiding amyloid deposits detected by CGM and CT. Conclusion: CGM and abdominal wall CT examination are useful tools for early detection of amyloid deposition by insulin and optimization of injection site. Disclosure A. Hirai: None. K. Hirai: None. H. Nishihara: None. J. Sasaki: None. T. Sudo: None. K. Fujimura: None. T. Kageyama: None.

925-P: Performance of Sensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) under Extreme Sports Conditions in People with Diabetes

Everyone with insulin-dependent diabetes wants to know as reliably and easily as possible the course of glucose levels during exercise. Several CGM sensors are on the market, recently the Free Style Libre Flash Monitor (FLM) has been introduced. Objective: what is the effect of use during extreme exercise on the accuracy of both the CGM and the FLM. Methods: Both CGM (Medtronic) and FLM (Abbott) were compared to the finger prick/strip (cBGMstrip) during a Bas van de Goor Foundation mountainbike challenge in the Mont-Blanc massif (218km, 7900hm). Results: CGM and FLM are clearly less accurate during a period of intensive efforts compared to normal daily activities. In addition, glucose values in the interstitial fluid frequently were higher than found with capillary measurements, also in the lower glucose concentrations. This makes the signaling of hypoglycemia through CGM use less reliable during extreme exercise. Clinically relevant differences were also seen when comparing CGM and FLM (see Table). Conclusions: During extreme exercise, CGM and FLM often showed higher interstitial glucose concentrations than actually present, also at the hypoglycemic range. This is in contrast to measurements taken under normal conditions. In addition, results of the continuous measurement technics differed considerably. This makes the use of CGM and FLM less reliable during extreme exercise. Disclosure E. Delgado: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Almirall, S.A., AstraZeneca, Esteve, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Menarini Group. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes. M.M. Fokkert: None. P. van Dijk: None. M.A. Edens: None. A. Diez: None. R.J. Slingerland: None. H. Bilo: None.

2207-PUB: Does Hypoglycemia Increase the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmia?

Hypoglycemia may exert proarrhythmogenic effects on the heart and insulin induced hypoglycemia has been considered responsible for nocturnal death in diabetic patients. Even so hypoglycemia associated fatal cardiac arrhythmia is difficult to document. Objective: examined the effect of hypoglycemia on episodes of arrhythmias and cardiac repolarization disorders in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients. Design and Methods: prospective study in which we included 30 subjects with DM who underwent of simultaneous ambulatory 24 hours electrocardiographic holter and continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (FREE STYLE system). Inclusion criteria: men and women &amp;gt; or = 50 years old with a type 2 insulin-treated DM and 2 or more major cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, active smoking, overweight or obesity) or subjects older than 18 years old with a history of type 1 DM of more than 10 years who sign an informed consent. Exclusion criteria: pacemakers, treatment with drugs that prolong QT, chronic atrial fibrillation or branch blocks, previous stroke, heart failure stage III-IV, Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome. Results: A total of 30 patients with DM participated in this study; 14 patients with type 1 DM (46.67%) and 16 patients with type 2 DM (53.33%). Within the group of type 1 DM, 61.54% presented hypoglycemic events vs. 56.25% of the patients in type 2 DM group, (p= 0.774) which correlates with the increased risk of hypoglycemic events in type 1 DM group. A total of 60% of the patients presented hypoglycemic events (n= 18) independently of glucose levels, and 40% of the patients (n=12) did not present it. Most of the hypoglycemic events (72.22% p=0.035) did not correlate with an arrhythmia event or cardiac repolarization disorder. Conclusions: In our group of patients, high cardiovascular risks and long-term duration of type 1 or type 2 DM were strong enough factors to develop arrhythmia, independently of glucose levels. Maybe it would be necessary to study patients with a 48-hour holter in order to find out this association. Disclosure C. Musso: None. N.S. Sforza: None. Y.J. Morosan Allo: None. R.G. Clemente: None. A. Pavesi: None. C.C. Folino: Other Relationship; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

682-P: Early Detection and Prevention of Dulaglutide-Induced Asymptomatic Nocturnal and Persistent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease

Purpose: Dulaglutide, a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is reported to reduce decline in eGFR in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Dulaglutide has been applied to the treatment and prevention of advanced DKD. GLP-1RA is well known to suppress glucagon secretion from the pancreas. In advanced DKD, renal gluconeogenesis is reduced due to the progression of DKD, and thereby the incidence of hypoglycemia is increased in advanced DKD. However, hypoglycemia due to GLP-1RA is rarely reported in advanced DKD. The present study was performed in order to get further insight into the risk management of hypoglycemia in advanced DKD patients treated with GLP-RA using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods: Eleven patients with advanced DKD (eGFR&amp;lt;45) were included in the present study. Whole patients were treated with dulaglutide over 1 year and no other hypoglycemic agents were administered. Two weeks CGM was performed using Free Style Libre Pro. In the case of nocturnal hypoglycemia, the effect of oral administration of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), which directly stimulates hepatic glucose production, was studied. Results: Two weeks CGM revealed that asymptomatic nocturnal and persistent hypoglycemia lasting 4 to 6 hours occurred in patients with advanced DKD during dulaglutide monotherapy. Late evening oral administration of a small amount (10-15g) of MCT is effective to avoid dulaglutide-induced nocturnal and persistent hypoglycemia. Discussion: Dulaglutide-induced nocturnal hypoglycemia in advanced DKD may be attributed to reduced hepatic glycogenolysis and renal gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: The present study firstly demonstrated that dulaglutide produced asymptomatic nocturnal and persistent hypoglycemia in patients with advanced DKD, which can be prevented by the administration of MCT. CGM is essential for early detection and prevention of dulaglutide-induced hypoglycemia. Disclosure H. Nishihara: None. M. Inoue: None. J. Umezu: None. K. Arai: None. T. Sudo: None. J. Sasaki: None. C. Koizumi: None. M. Saito: None. H. Sunagawa: None. A. Hirai: None.

Alles eine Frage der Perspektive – Zur sogenannten erlebten Rede im narrativen Text

Abstracts Erlebte Rede (free indirect style) is a narrative technique used to present reports of consciousness which to some extent blends direct and indirect speech. It is characterized by the interaction of specific linguistic markers which allow the presentation of a character’s point of view while simultaneously maintaining the narrative frame. A character’s thoughts are expressed in the third person, indicative and narrative tense giving the impression that the voice of both the narrator and the character somehow overlap. This contribution summarizes the research on erlebte Rede, focussing on German. Regarding narratological aspects, I discuss linguistic problems specific to identification and analysis of texts which employ erlebte Rede. This paper primarily addresses the use of erlebte Rede in fiction, although it is also found in non-fiction.

Free Style Perforator Flaps for Aesthetic Facial Reconstruction.

BACKGROUNDFunctional and cosmetic outcomes affect reconstruction of the face more than any region of the body. To use a predetermined perforator flap freely designed allowing a wide range of movement and manipulation can give us an optimum outcome. We present our clinical experience with free style facial perforator flaps, surgical technique, and complications. METHODSThirty patients with post-tumor resection of the face were reconstructed with free style local perforator flaps between January 2014 and November 2016. Doppler was used to identify the perforator vessels preoperatively. RESULTSTwenty-two clinical cases had no complications. Four had venous congestion that resolved spontaneously, three had a distal 1/3 superficial necrosis, and one suffered from hematoma. CONCLUSIONFreestyle perforator flaps were applied to get better cosmetic facial reconstruction, allowing one stage procedure and decreasing donor site morbidity. Modern anatomical understanding, good planning, and meticulous surgical technique can affect clinical results.

Abstract #367 Role of Free Style Libre–Flash Glucose Monitoring in Glycemic Control of Type 1 Diabetes in Pediatrics and Adolescents: A Deeper Understanding

Abstract #367 Role of Free Style Libre–Flash Glucose Monitoring in Glycemic Control of Type 1 Diabetes in Pediatrics and Adolescents: A Deeper Understanding

The use of Free Style Libre Continues Glucose Monitoring (FSL-CGM) to monitor the impact of Ramadan fasting on glycemic changes and kidney function in high-risk patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3 under optimal diabetes care

AimTo understand the risk of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan fasting by use of CGM, as well as to observe the Glycemic control and renal functions in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3 (CKD-3). MethodA prospective interventional study conducted in the Dubai Hospital, a tertiary care centre in the United Arab Emirates, during the month of Ramadan 1437 AH (Hijri), which corresponded to June 6th till July 5th, 2016. 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3) were included in the study, who intended to fast during Ramadan. The aim was to observe the serum glucose level through 24 h FreeStyle Libre flash continuous glucose monitor (FSL-CGM). Most patients had three sensors during the study, covering an average three weeks during Ramadan and three weeks outside Ramadan (Sha'ban and shawal). We also monitored the change in, BP, HBA1c, kidney functions and BMI before and after Ramadan. ResultsThis study included 25 adults with a mean age of 60 (±14 years). Fasting Ramadan did not result in any significant change in biophysical and biochemical profile of these patients. Data from FSL-CGM showed significantly longer duration (101.9 ± 119.1 Vs. 45.9 ± 47.6 min, p < 0.033) and more frequent hypoglycemic episodes (4.4 ± 4.7 Vs. 2.3 ± 3.0, p < 0.047) during Ramadan compared tonon-Ramadan respectively. The mean blood glucose readings were also significantly lower (70.7 ± 29.3 Vs.93.7 ± 57.9 mg/dl p < 0.011) during Ramadan compared to non -fasting period. The renal function mean ± SD (serum creatinine 1.48 ± 0.37, 1.44 ± 0.37 and eGFR, 49.0 ± 18.4, 48.9 ± 17.5 p 0.9) showed no significant change due to fasting. ConclusionIn patients with diabetes and CKD-stage 3 Ramadan fasting under close supervision and optimal diabetes care, was not associated with worsening of HBA1c and renal function. Patients had significantly more frequent and prolonged hypoglycemic episodes during Ramadan.

Daily improvement of blood glucose profile by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

Background: The problem of glucose variability has been in focus for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on insulin treatment. Daily profile of blood glucose was studied on Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) using Free Style Libre. Case presentation and results: Patient is 54 year-old T1DM female, with HbA1c 7.8%. The blood glucose variability was measured by Free Style Libre. Insulin therapy included multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) of Insulin Glargin and Aspart. The result revealed unstable blood glucose profile in day 1 and 2. After that, the level and fluctuation of blood glucose gradually decreased from day 3 to 14. Average blood glucose in a day was 174mg/dL, 159mg/dL, 138mg/dL, 125mg/dL and 110mg/dL, in day 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, respectively. There was a discrepancy of HbA1c between 7.8% by laboratory measurement and 6.3% presumed value by Free Style Libre. Discussion and Conclusion: Free Style Libre showed satisfactory results as CGM. There was lower HbA1c value by presumed calculation, which would be possibly due to every 15minutes measurement and difficulty in checking abrupt glucose surges. CGM application would probably bring diabetic subjects behavioral change of life style, leading to better diabetic control. These results would become reference data in CGM study for future research.

Not Kant, but Bentham: On Taste

Austen’s novel points a humorously accusatory finger at novels that have worked up Catherine’s imagination, but a wider target here is the pleasure people take in having opinions and sharing opinions, most often about other people—and especially in feeling that they know other people better than others do and even better than those other people know themselves. The distinctive fictional device known as free indirect style or free indirect discourse captures the dilemma. Persons in society are continually in the position of talking to one another, having something to say if only by way of rehearsing every news item they’ve read that day. And both gossip and novelistic free indirect style have a tendency to overwrite the thoughts and motives of the persons whom they ventriloquize. Free indirect style, in which a narrator seems to merge with the inner thoughts of the character, participates in an activity of overknowing analogous to the way we overknow political figures or anyone else who counts for us as a public personage.

History Free Indirect: Reading Creative Techniques in Lytton Strachey'sQueen Victoria

Situating itself in line with Max Saunders' thesis in Self Impression (2010), this paper is a literary-critical reconnaissance of the creative techniques Lytton Strachey employs in Queen Victoria (1921). My essay attempts to elicit the ways in which Strachey executes his modernist argument, intended to debunk Victorian perspectives, via a canny mix of traditional and modernist techniques of narration, usually associated with fiction. Showing how – in the way of an impressionist historian – he both inhabits the frame of his narrative as well as directs its very framing, I discuss his use of free indirect style and cognate methods of characterisation. I also discuss his novelistic ‘rhythm’, as he negotiates between personal and particular histories and wider more universal history; his psychological and psychoanalytic resources for biographical insight; and formal features of his narrative that make use of choric and stage-like structuring, as well as meta-historical tropes of fate and destiny. Literary critical methods deployed by Strachey, precociously, in the arsenal of his method, at a time before such literary critical methods had been overtly established are also discussed in brief as signifying features of his innovation. This paper hopes to offer a concrete interpretation of Strachey's well-known candidacy as the father, or one of them, of the ‘new biography’. Being a concrete analysis of only one of Strachey's works, less examined than others, the paper claims only to put traditional notions of the new biography and of modernism under the lens of this one particular but signal work.