Free Style Research Articles

The relation between service quality of sports camps and elite athletes’ satisfaction of the national teams’ freestyle &Greco-Roman wrestling

Purpose: One of the most important factors influencing satisfaction of athletes in sports camps is the quality of services provided therefore. The main objective of this study is investigation of relation between service quality and elite athletes’ satisfaction in free style and Greco Roman wrestling national teams. Material: Methodology of the research was descriptive correlation, fulfilled as a field study. The statistical population included all athletes invited and presented in the national camps of wrestling (free and Greco Roman wrestling) in different ranges of ages in 1993 and the sample size is equal to the statistical population (N=160). The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Binominal test and Regression calculated by SPSS (Statistical package for social science) V.22 are used. The findings showed that there was a significant relation between service quality variables and the athletes’ satisfaction. In addition, according to Friedman test, there is not a significant difference in the mean of ranks in service quality variables of training camps. Results The results of binominal test showed that the quality of services in the training camps left much to be desired. The Demography results indicated that the athletes presented in the camps during longer periods were more satisfied with quality of services provided. Conclusion : According to results, it can be said that, one of the most important factors influencing on satisfaction of athletes in Sports camps, was quality of provided service. Therefore it is important to regard satisfaction of athletes as an essential issue in order to find the gaps and provide proper services.

The impact of rapid weight loss (4%) on leptin, adiponectin, and insulin resistance in elite adult free style wrestlers.

The effect of rapid weight loss program on adipocytokines is not yet clear. Therefore the aim of the present study was the effect of rapid weight loss (4%) on leptin, adiponectin, and insulin resistance in elite free style wrestlers. For this purpose, fifteen young freestyle wrestlers (weight 67.6±0.8, BMI 22.5±0.21 kg/m², body fat percent 6.12±0.18, waist to hip circumference ratio 0.82±0.08) in two weight categories (60 and 66 kg) were randomly selected. Caloric intake (mean 7 days measured by Food analyzer software) measured at 1 week before weight loss program by standard methods. Wrestlers performed a week rapid weight loss (average of 4% of body weight loss) protocol by caloric and water restriction by 60% (600-700 kcal per day), under the supervision of their coach. Anthropometric characteristics, leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance were measured before and 12 and 36 hours after rapid weight loss program. Rapid weight loss program with 4% of weight loss had a significantly reduced impact on anthropometric factors; leptin level, insulin resistance, and increased beta cell function, while the changes of adiponectin were not significant after rapid weight loss. Findings of this study shows that rapid weight loss program significantly decreased leptin, L/A ratio and HOMA-IR, without significant changes on adiponectin levels. These changes may have harmful physiological effects on wrestlers' bodies but they can be useful to regulate of fatty acid, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance.

Reflections on an Australian Journey: Evangelism in the City

This article shares the personal reflections of a member of the Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China on her participation in Evangelism in the City in Sydney, Australia. In which many church leaders came together from different parts of the world. Her experience of the passion and mission of those she met give her hope for the vision and passion of the church, especially for Evangelism in the City. "You Cannot Go Back!" The plane was taking off; I had just finished my nine-day journey in Australia. As I boarded the plane, I was overwhelmed with feelings and thoughts; I had just been caught carrying four kilos of honey, which of course was confiscated. Previously, at the airport check-in counter, when telling the staff person that I had some honey inside my backpack, I was clearly told that only 100 ml would be allowed. Nevertherless, I did not seem to care much about these words, feeling that there is hardly any difference between 100 ml and 4 kg. When I was going through security, the customs officer told me that honey was forbidden to carry on board. I was shocked and asked, "Can I put it back in my luggage?" They replied, "Yes, but you cannot go back now!" For quite some time, I could not stop blaming myself for my negligence, resulting in my failure to bring the honey back home and share it with my family. I also blamed myself for not taking the words of the airport staff seriously. I truly learned an important lesson: rules are rules and there is no other way around them. This incident deeply touched my heart and made me wonder how we treat the word of God. Do we take it lightly, just as I did with the words I was told in the airport, even though I heard the message as early as the check-in counter, though never took it seriously? Are we clear on what we shall bring to the kingdom of God and what we shall not? "If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as through fire" (1 Cor. 3:15). If we look forward to entering the kingdom of God, we must take his words seriously because "Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away" (Luke 21:33). How do we treat the word of God today? Do we take it lightly or take it seriously into our heart? Today, we must make a choice! Prayer Gardener! Insist or let go? On 6 September, Sunday morning, we went to an Orthodox Church for Sunday worship. The three-hour worship service was presided over by a number of bishops, priests, monks, and a choir of more than 50 adults and children chanting psalms and prayers. It was the first time I took part in Orthodox worship. The priests and the choir's chanting seemed rather strange to me and almost reminded me of a Chinese Taoist funeral. Though I am more comfortable with free-style worship (with guitar and drums), my heart was very much touched by this Orthodox worship and personally by the priest, Father Shenouda. His cautiousness, his humility, his love for people as he was sharing clearly, profoundly, and personally the values of the Bible deeply touched me. For so many years, churches have been debating the form of worship--whether it should be traditional or the free modern style. …

The effects of different recruitment and incentive strategies for body acceptance programs on college women

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study—getting individuals to participate in eating disorder prevention programs—is difficult yet crucial for dissemination efforts. Little research has investigated what incentive strategies can be particularly efficacious, and even less is published on their cost-effectiveness. The following study examined two types of email advertisements and six incentive strategies in an empirically supported body acceptance program disseminated at a large university. A total of 5,978 undergraduate women received email advertisements, of which 430 signed up to participate. An additional 588 who did not participate were assessed. Results suggest the most effective incentives were offering gift certificates for free manicure services and free personal fashion style training gift certificates from a student organization. Undergraduate women were least likely to attend due to lack of knowledge about the program, not having a friend to attend with them, or inconvenient times. Implications for future research are explored.

Path of Thorns: Soviet Mennonite Life under Communist and Nazi Rule by Jacob A. Neufeld

Path of Thorns: Soviet Mennonite Life under Communist and Nazi Rule, by Jacob A. Neufeld, translated by Harvey L. Dyck and Sarah Dyck. Series: Tsarist and Soviet Mennonite Studies. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2014. x, 444 pp. $85.00 Cdn (cloth), $37.95 Cdn (paper). Harvey Dyck's introduction to this memoir / reflection provides readers of Soviet Gulag stories (popular and scholarly) valuable, current presentation of the story. Like the vast memoir literature on the Soviet Mennonite experience, written in German and Russian, Neufeld's story is an insider account, from the perspective of an important leadership group in Ukraine during the 1920s famine. The most interesting section covers his five years in the Gulag camps of Vorkuta (between Archangel and the vast Ob River delta) and Bamlag in eastern Siberia, which focus on Neufeld's experiences, but offer little on the Mennonite communities of Siberia and central Asia, where the majority of Mennonites were living. This Ukraine focus (mostly Molochnaia colony) is supported by Dyck's personal familiarity with archival resources from the Dnepropetrovsk and Zaporozh'e regions (oblasty), the primary locales where Jacob A. Neufeld (1895-1960) lived when he was a prominent Soviet Mennonite leader and writer (3). The many quite fascinating vignettes read smoothly because of the free translation style. The three part division consists of Neufeld's previously unpublished memoir (My Path of Thorns) of surviving the Gulag (1933-1939), followed by more general survey of Russian Mennonite life in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1929-1949) privately published in 1957 as Tiefenivege (Tragic Passages), now in abbreviated English translation; and sixty-page letter/memoir to his wife completed in 1955. What comes through quite consistently is highly negative picture of Stalinism, its animosity especially toward an ethnic-religious community like the Mennonites, while pursuing radical revolutionary restructuring of society in excessively brutal ways. Another quite personal faith theme, extended also to fellow Mennonite believers he encountered, are the times of personal hopelessness and near total collapse when trusting in God became deeply real. Neufeld relied heavily on biblical phraseology and images such as Christ's crown of thorns. These contrast, especially during the trek to Germany (1943-1944) to his commentary on fellow Mennonites steadily becoming brutalized and losing their grip on faith. Neufeld's privations in the Gulag (especially when manually building the Baikal-Amur rail line) exacerbated his early onset of arthritis, so that thereafter he could at best do desk jobs from wheelchair. This gave him access to more data than simple workers, and made him particularly good observer of the forced trek with the retreating German forces to settlement in occupied Poland (near Poznan). The wheelchair perspective accounts for his closing eulogy (after frequent comments along the way) to the heroism of women and adolescent children, without whose labour to push horse-drawn wagons out of the muck, find forage, prepare meals from scarce resources, and even their leadership in singing and worship, far more would have perished. …

Recognition of Basic Motions for Snowboarding using AHRS

Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used for biomechanics in sports activities and AHRS(Attitude and Heading Reference System) is a more cost effective solution than conventional high-grade IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) that only integrate gyroscopes. In this paper, we attach the AHRS to the snowboard to measure the motion data like Air To Fakie, Caballerial and Free Style. In order to reduce the measurement error, we have adopted the sensors equipped with Kalman filtering and also used Euler angle to quaternion conversion to reduce the Gimbal-lock effect. We have tested and evaluated the accuracy and execution time of the pattern recognition algorithms like PCA, ICA, LDA, SVM to show the recognition possibility of it on the basic motions of Snowboarding from the 9-axis trajectory information which is gathered from AHRS sensor. With the result, PCA, ICA have low accuracy, but SVM have good accuracy to use for recognition of basic motions of Snowboarding.

Program of individualization of free style wrestler training process with account for dominant type of energy supply

Program of individualization of free style wrestler training process with account for dominant type of energy supply

General laws of competition duel and universal requirements to technical-tactic fitness of elite wrestlers

Purpose: to determine and formulate general technical-tactic laws (rules) of competition duel in modern free style wrestling. Material: competition functioning of free style wrestlers at Olympic Games has been analyzed. Results of authors’ own pedagogic observations and advanced experience of free style wrestling specialists have been generalized. Results: it was found that victory in duel can be resulted only from attacking tactic of duel. It was determined that wrestlers’ activity (quantity of actual attacks in unit of time) varies from 1 to 2.2 attacks per minute. Reliability of attack (ratio of quantity of assessed attacks to quantity of actually fulfilled attacks) is within 0.33-0.63. Reliability of defense (ratio of quantity of successfully repelled opponent’s attacks to general quantity of his actual attacks) is from 0.55-0.78. Efficiency of fighting in stance is within 0.6-1.3 points per minute. Efficiency of ground fighting is 1.3-2.3 points per minute. Conclusions: coach shall bring the formulated laws in compliance with specificity of his functioning and consider them, when planning training process of junior wrestlers.

Étude Comparative de L'emploi du Style indirect libre dans l’œuvre romanesque de Flaubert et D'Austen

Gustave Flaubert and Jane Austen died at opposite ends of the nineteenth century, on opposite sides of the English Channel, and almost at opposite ends of the moral spectrum. Consequently, their novels are in many ways very different and seldom the object of comparative studies. However, given that both novelists experimented with advanced narrative techniques usually known under the umbrella term free indirect discourse (FID) or style indirect libre (SIL), this study seeks to compare the ways in which each novelist used this technique in a selection of passages from their works.

Hashtag the Tweets: Experimental Evaluation of Semantic Relatedness Measures

On Twitter, hashtags are used to summarize topics of the tweet content and to help search tweets. However, hashtags are created in a free style and thus heterogeneous, increasing difficulty of their usage. Therefore, it is important to evaluate that if they really represent the content they are attached with? In this work, we perform detailed experiments to find answer for this question. In addition to this, we compare different semantic relatedness measures to find this similarity between hashtags and tweets. Experiments are performed using ten different measures and Adapted Lesk is found to be the best.

Basic swimming competence of police officers of the Ministry of Interior of Serbia as a basic motor skill required in flood protection and rescue operations

In the course of May 2014 the Republic of Serbia was struck by floods. Police officers of various lines of work make one of the important subjects within the protection and rescue system when we talk about defence from floods. After the detailed analysis of experiences and lessons learned from the participation of the mentioned police officers in protection and rescue operations in May 2014, it was noted that a number of police officers lacked the adequate training required for specific tasks of protection and rescue in emergencies. Swimming represents an integral part of professional training of police officers within the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia (MoI of RS) and it is very important from the aspect of responding in floods. The research sample included 331 examinees from 21 to 52 years of age, classified into two sub-samples, general duties police officers (PON=139) and border police officers (GP=192). Basic swimming competence of police officers was assessed by swimming 50 m free style (the examinees chose swimming style on their own), and the results are shown through average swimming speed of meters per second (m/s). They were tested for swimming without jumping from the starting block. The PON police officers achieved better swimming results at 50 m than the GP police officers (0.93 vs. 0.88 m/s). The results of single factor analysis of variance ANOVA showed that there were not statistically significant differences in influence of basic swimming competence on the line of work (Sig. = 0.066). Taking everything in account, it can be concluded that the hypothesis that 'general duties police officers will have statistically significantly better results in basic swimming competence compared to border police officers' is rejected, since the general duties police officers achieved better results in basic swimming competence, but not at the level which is statistically significant. In addition to swimming competence, because of floods, there is also a need for training of rescuers at water (basic and advanced levels), in other words the courses for motor boat operators and handlers (including training in rowing), which has already been included into the system of specialist trainings of the MoI of RS.

Surgical therapy of vulvar cancer: how to choose the correct reconstruction?

ObjectiveTo create a comprehensive algorithmic approach to reconstruction after vulvar cancer ablative surgery, which includes both traditional and perforator flaps, evaluating anatomical subunits and shape of the defect.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 80 cases of reconstruction after vulvar cancer ablative surgery, performed between June 2006 and January 2016, transferring 101 flaps. We registered the possibility to achieve the complete wound closure, even in presence of very complex defects, and the postoperative complications. On the basis of these experience, analyzing the choices made and considering the complications, we developed an algorithm to help with the selection of the flap in vulvoperineal reconstruction after oncologic ablative surgery for vulvar cancer.ResultsWe employed eight types of different flaps, including 54 traditional fasciocutaneous V-Y flaps, 23 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, 11 anterolateral thigh flaps, three V-Y gracilis myocutaneous flaps, three free style perforators V-Y flaps from the inner thigh, two Limberg flaps, two lotus flaps, two deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap, and one superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap. The structures most frequently involved in resection were vulva, perineum, mons pubis, groins, vagina, urethra and, more rarely, rectum, bladder, and lower abdominal wall.ConclusionThe algorithm we implemented can be a useful tool to help flap selection. The key points in the decision-making process are: anatomical subunits to be covered, overall shape and symmetry of the defect and some patient features such as skin laxity or previous radiotherapy. Perforator flaps, when feasible, must be considered standard in vulvoperineal reconstruction, although in some cases traditional flaps remain the best choice.

Strategies to Promote Free Style Poomsae Competition in Taekwondo

Strategies to Promote Free Style Poomsae Competition in Taekwondo

Characteristic of pedagogic techniques of persistence nurture in sportsmen with defects of mental functioning in process of emotional-will training

Purpose: to characterize pedagogic techniques of persistence nurture of sportsmen with defects of mental functioning in process of emotional-will training and test their effectiveness. Material: 11 swimmers (functional class S-14) with defects of mental development (light form of mental deficiency) were involved in the research. Ability for persistence was diagnosed in test 4×50 meters by free style. Results: in sportsmen with defects of mental functioning persistence is restricted by degree of supreme psychic functions’ affections and depend on combination of psychological-pedagogic factors of influence. We characterized specific features of adapted pedagogic techniques for persistence nurture in such sportsmen. It was found that one of conditions of high sport results’ achievement was maximal manifestation of willpower by sportsman. Conclusions: persons with mental deficiency are characterized by inability for regulation of own behavior. It proves that it is necessary to apply correctly directed methods, means and pedagogic techniques in process of emotional-will training of the sportsmen. Effectiveness of the offered pedagogic techniques was proved by test 4×50 meters (free style) (р<0.05).

Pivoting towards Empiricism: A Response to Fletcher and Monterosso

Suzanne Keen’s response to Fletcher and Monterosso evaluates their contribution to cognitive narratology and the psychology of narrative impact. Arguing that “there is more than one possible function for FID,” Fletcher and Monterosso design a clever experiment manipulating textual samples by increasing the amount of discourse in free indirect style in contrast to thought report (psycho-narration) or externalized narration in the originals. Employing follow-up questionnaires about affective response, perspective taking and role taking on the one hand, and attitudes towards revenge on the other hand, Fletcher and Monterosso discover that while FID enriched samples aroused emotional engagement in some readers, the increased emotional response was felt for the victim’s suffering rather than inducing empathy with the revenger’s emotions and actions. Keen discusses the narratological component, free indirect discourse, the link to reader’s empathy, and the methodology of Fletcher and Monterosso’s textual manipulations. With a nod to Louise Rosenblatt’s transactional theory of reading, Keen notes that Fletcher and Monterosso’s work depicts active readers responding differently from one another. She offers cautions about the constitution of research subject pools, which should be as diverse as possible to arrive at persuasive observations about the impact of form. Keen affirms that narrative theorists can both contribute to and benefit from study of the various psychological responses to manipulations of narrative techniques.

Water Quality Assessment Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Gobind Sagar Lake, Himachal Pradesh (India)

Today the environment has become harmful for the health of living organisms due to excessive pollution and contamination of natural resources. The present investigation has been carried out with the objective to assess the water quality of the Gobind Sagar Lake, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh (India) using physico-chemical parameters with heavy metals of the lake. For this study, three sampling sites were identified and samples from different sites were collected in summer season and important parameters [Water Temperature, pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)] with heavy metals [ Lead (P), Copper (Co), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) were analyzed. The results revealed that the different conditions of Gobind Sagar Lake in different sampling stations showed fluctuations in some physico-chemical parameters and also in heavy metals. These result depicted that water of lake was polluted in the form of nutrient enrichment which is due to agricultural activities and its runoff in and around catchment area of the lake. There are other many ways that things can end up in the lake as the free style way of disposal of industrial and domestic effluents etc. Results of studies on heavy metals in pollution are well documented revealing the toxic effects of these metals on aquatic organisms.

Upper Medial Tigh Perforator Flap in the Lower Extremity Reconstruction

INTRODUCTION: The medial circumflex femoral perforator flap was named according to the convention of the Gent consensus for perforator flap nomenclature1, on the basis of its customary source vessel. It is a true perforator flap, because intramuscular dissection of the gracilis musculocutaneous perforators is necessary to ensure inflow to the cutaneous flap2.In this report, we present upper medial tigh perforator flap (gracilis perforator flap) in a hori- zontal (transverse to the gracilis muscle) manner based on any reliable perforators from the upper medial thigh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All of four patient have lower extremity soft tissue defects due to traumatic injuries. There were 1 female patients and 3 male patients. The average age of the patients was 23 years (range, 6 to 35 years). All flaps were raised subfascially in a free-style flap fashion. RESULTS: All perforators were originated from the medial circumflex femoral artery and the perforators were musculocutaneous. Mean flap diameter were 13x6,5cm. In one patient, gracilis muscle also included in flap design and upper medial tigh perforator based skin island also harvested. All flaps were survived and donor sites were closed primarily (Figure 1).Figure 1: Preoperative view of patient (A), the view of harvested upper medial tigh perforator flap (B;C), Postoperative view of patient (D).CONCLUSION: The major advantages of this flap were noted as its donor site that allowed surgeon concealing scar to gluteal creases. However, its major disadvantages was inconsistent perforator position and we believe that free style free flap approach can solve this advantages in experienced hands. The flap can obtain reasonable size, well-hidden scar, function, good pliability.

Directed influence on anaerobic energy supply systems of qualified free style wrestlers

Purpose: to experimentally prove effectiveness of directed influence on anaerobic energy supply systems of free style wrestlers, considering individual characteristics of their bio energetic. Material: in this article the data of laboratory bicycle stress test «Vita maxima» and results of special control testing have been presented. 40 sportsmen participated in the experiment. Results: individual characteristics of dominating type of anaerobic energy supply have been determined. Statistically confident difference between development of lactate and a-lactate anaerobic energetic components were found. By the data of bio-chemical indicators’ changes the authors observed increase of adenosine triphosphate (glycolytic or creatine-phosphate) in some, weaker developed mechanisms of anaerobic re-synthesis. Ways of influence on anaerobic energy supply systems, considering individual characteristics of dominating of different components (lactate or a-lactate) have been found. Conclusions: it is recommended to take in consideration individual dominating type of energy supply.

Art via Architecture ‘Lukisan Kajian’ Style in Hybrid Model ‘A+AGPD’: Observation ‘Garisan stroke line’ (gSLine)

This research explores production styles stroke line and pen hatching effects of free hand drawing in 3 dimensional 3(D) illustration drawing called lukisan kajian. The purpose of the study is to compare line hatching effects ‘Garisan stroke line’ (gSLine) between the Art painting drawing with Architecture Graphic Presentation Drawing. Limitation of respondents from the artist's artistic and architectural illustration painter who actively produce illustration 3(D) drawing and reference art book at Malaysian. SIX experts respondents were used as limitation of the study. Issues ‘free hand’ drawing that is not proportion or ‘kejung’ among students of art and architecture ‘under-graduate’ often discussed in journals within and outside Malaysia started in 2007 to 2014. This qualitative research using a phenomenological study design with methodology through triangulation of observation, visual recordings and literature review. Phenomenon (gSLine) was analysed based on the elements of art: line, shape, form, texture and color in creating 3 (D) illustrations lukisan kajian in free hand drawing style. The findings in the literature, find artistic work known as lukisan pengkaryaan. The paintings drawing by artist illustration graphics architecture, graphics known as lukisan perekaan. The findings of the SIX respondents found that there are three differences (gSLine) between the two disciplines of visual art which in the proportion (visualization), emotion (emosi) and aesthetic (estetik) which are summarized as (dVEE). Research findings found that 4 difference in the quality of the line drawings lukisan perekaan. The findings of the study were collected in order to produce a hybrid model of researchers ‘Art + Architecture Graphic Presentation Drawing’ (A + AGPD). The study used case study in order to production model process (gSLine) in explaining the ‘how’ a 3 (D) illustration lukisan kajian (dVEE) can be produced.Architectural Graphics Presentation Drawing(AGPD): Free hand drawing in architectural style by using the medium dry like wet ink pen or felt-tip pen charcoal pencil or water color tools.Lukisan Kajian’ or Study drawing. According to (Richard Box,Denis John-Naylor,Carole Massey 2012) study drawings is a type of drawings to study the shape of the object for research purposes. Custom drawings objects study examines the subject of plants and natural forms. Research will also explore the concept intensity of color and 3 (D) form with color tone of the concentration for the purpose of explaining the objects that are in the foreground or background setting in the middle of the back.

Cultural policy through the prism of fiction (Michel Houellebecq)

Cultural policy studies tends to talk about fiction without actually using it. A typical move is to place it in an aesthetic realm to be protected, situated and/or critiqued. This is an eminently worthwhile activity. However, this paper explores some ways in which works of fiction may, following their own dynamic, yield significant perspectives upon the world of cultural policy itself. In what ways do fictional works offer us prisms through which to reappraise the worlds of cultural policy? What are the effects of the reconfigurative imaginative play to which they subject the institutions of that world? How are the discourses of cultural policy reframed when redeployed by novelists within free indirect style or internal monologue? The article begins by distinguishing four broad modes in which fictional works refract the world of cultural policy, and then analyses in more fine-grained detail two novels by the leading French writer Michel Houellebecq.