Free Radical Compounds Research Articles

The influence of roselle-based wedang uwuh (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on SOD (superoxide dismutase) and MDA (malondialdehyde) of cigarette smoke-exposed rat

Cigarette smoke is the leading cause of several respiratory diseases because it contains high free radical compounds. These free radical compounds can be neutralized with antioxidants obtained from natural ingredients such as roselle. Roselle contains various bioactive compounds and consumes in the form of infusion. Mixing roselle with various herbs as wedang uwuh can increase the antioxidant content. Wedang uwuh is a beverage consisting of various combinations of herbs such as sappan wood, cloves, and cinnamon. This study aims to analyze levels of MDA and SOD in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and given wedang uwuh. This research was conducted on 30 white male Wistar rats that divided into six groups- P0 (normal control), P1 (roselle-based wedang uwuh), P2 (commercial wedang uwuh), P3 (smoke control), P4 (smoke + roselle-based wedang uwuh), P5 (smoke + commercial wedang uwuh). The dose of wedang uwuh is 2.7 ml/kg BW, and the dose of exposure to cigarette smoke is one cigarette for 5 minutes for 30 days. The differences between each group were analyzed using the one way ANOVA test and HSD advanced test. Statistical results showed that giving roselle-based wedang uwuh (P4) significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SOD than the smoke control group (P3). Roselle-based wedang uwuh reduce the MDA levels and increase SOD better than commercial wedang uwuh.

Edukasi Jelantah sebagai Sumber Energi pada Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Petir, Bogor

Jelantah is the used cooking oil. After being used more than three times for frying, the oil will be oxidized by ambient air, and dangerous free radical compounds are formed. Consuming of jelantah in certain amounts, can trigger diseases such as blockage of blood vessels, cancer and nervous disorders. In addition, jelantah discharged into the drains will cause blockage of drains and kill water ecosystems. However, jelantah can be used as an energy source and other products that have economic value. The purpose of this activity is to provide education for groups of housewives in Babakan Gang Salak, Petir Village, Bogor Regency regarding the dangers and benefits of jelantah, introducing simple technology of biodiesel production. The methods used include questionnaires, training and monitoring. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd trainings were held with different participants in the same location. The the participants’ enthusiasm and local site leaders was very high and they wished training for a wider range of participants. The training has been conducted successfully, which was showed that most of the participants could increase their skills and knowledge about the dangers and benefits of jelantah is biodiesel production. This knowledge is supposed to be applied in everyday life by not consuming jelantah for frying food, but it is used as a raw material for biodiesel production.

Peculiarities of changes in a functional condition of pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems in guinea pigs’ lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis under the conditions of immobilization stress

We have analyzed the results of investigation of alterations in indices of pro-oxidant (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase) systems in guinea pigs’ lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis in the dynamics of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress. The investigation was conducted on 62 female guinea pigs weighing 180-220 g, divided into 4 groups: I – intact guinea pigs (n=20), II – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (1st day); III – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (2nd day); IV – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under the conditions of IS (64th day). The results of experimental investigation showed that a significant increase in conjugated diene level in animals’ lungs was observed at all stages of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress as compared with control group, indicating activation of this marker. The same changes occurred with MDA content, indicating excessive accumulation of this lipid peroxidation product in lung tissue. Intensive synthesis of free radical compounds caused activation of some components of enzymatic system of antioxidant defense. In particular, a moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissue is observed in response to increased level of LOPs at early stages of EAA and immobilization stress development as compared with the indices in intact animals. The same situation is observed with catalase and ceruloplasmin activity in the lungs of guinea pigs with modeled AA and IS.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA MENJADI BENTUK SEDIAAN GEL

Antioxidants are used to prevent the oxidation of free radical compounds which have a bad impact on the body, including the skin. One source of antioxidants derived from natural ingredients is Moringa leaves. Moringa leaves have a number of benefits due to the many active chemical compounds. The antioxidant activity of Moringa leaves can be optimized by developing Moringa leaves into a gel dosage form. A literature review regarding the compound content and activity of Moringa leaves was carried out to obtain scientific data that can be used in the development of Moringa leaves as an antioxidant. Narrative review with data sources from Science Direct, Pubmed, CiterSeerX, and Google Scholars. The Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to obtain literature according to the scope of the study. The results of the literature review showed that Moringa leaves contain the main active compounds of polyphenols and flavonoids which have strong antioxidant activity. Gel dosage form is one of the best choices to optimize the antioxidant activity of Moringa leaves. HPMC, carbopol and xanthan gum are gelling agent was produced a gel preparation with good pharmaceutical characteristics.

Effect of glucose on reduced glutathione level in Malay uncomplicated type 2 diabetes patients

Background: Increasing blood sugar level may increase free radical compounds in type 2 diabetes. Free radical compounds can cause oxidative stress, thereby decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH).
 Objective: This study aimed to determine whether random blood glucose levels affect GSH in type 2 diabetes patients within the Malay race.
 Methods: This study was observational with case-control, involving 25 patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (receiving metformin and/or glimipiride) and 25 healthy controls. Random blood glucose levels were determined using ACCU-CHECK® Kit. Blood GSH levels were determined by Sigma GSH Assay Kit.
 Results: Results show that type 2 diabetes patients have a significantly lower random blood glucose level compared with those of age-matched normal subjects (p<0.0001). Type 2 diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of GSH (p=0.00) than those of age-matched normal subjects. We found a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.437 and p=0.02) between the level of random blood glucose and the level of GSH.
 Conclusion: The depletion of GSH during hyperglycemia may neutralize the free radicals indirectly generated by the abundant of glucose.

Efek Pemberian Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Tipe 2

Diabetes Mellitus is a non-communicable disease and is an important public health problem. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body is ineffective in using it (WHO, 2016). One of the non-pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus is the administration of red dragon fruit. Dragon fruit is rich in antioxidants and contains many substances such as calcium, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, phosphorus and flavonoid substances so that it can be used as a therapy to reduce blood glucose levels by preventing apoptosis due to oxidative reactions. The purpose of this case study is to compile a resume of nursing care in giving red dragon fruit to reduce blood glucose levels. This type of research is descriptive with a case study method in the form of a one group pretest posttest design. The subject of this study was 1 patient with diabetes mellitus. The results of the study showed that there was a change in the patient's condition after being given red dragon fruit for 10 days. Conclusion Dragon fruit has the effect of lowering blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus because it contains fiber that is able to bind water in the intestines, and contains antioxidants and bioactive compounds and is able to inhibit free radical compounds.
 Keywords: diabetes mellitus, adults, red dragon fruit

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN MUTU FISIK MASKER WAJAH BERBAHAN DAUN KELOR (Moringa Oleifera) DAN KOPI ROBUSTA(Coffea canephora var robusta)

The increase of air pollution in today’s environment is directly proportional to the increased in free radical compounds in the body, which can cause damage to the demis tissue and skin collagen, especially face. One of the effort that can be done to avoid this damage is by using natural face masks such as moringa leaves and robusta coffee. This study aims to analyze the content of antioxidant activity and the physical quality of face masks made from moringa leaves and robusta coffee. This research is an experimental research which is presented descriptively. This research consists of the process of making moringa leaf powder and robusta coffee, testing the antioxidant activity and physical quality of facial masks. Based on the results from the test of the content of antioxidant activity, it shows that the A3 formula has the highest value based on the test for the content of antioxidant activity, pH, drying time and organopeltic test as a whole with values of 75.28%, 6.0, 22.15 minutes and 3.6. In conclusion, moringa leaves and robustas coffee are recommended and can be used as a face mask formula with antioxidant activity and good physical quality for skin health.

The Effect of N in Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer on the Activity Ability and Antioxidant Properties of Tea Shoots (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) in the Rainy and Dry Season

Antioxidant is a term related to the activity ability and properties of the active ingredient. The higher the ability of the antioxidant activity of an active ingredient, the stronger its antioxidant properties are to ward off various free radical compounds due to oxidative stress. The activity ability and antioxidant properties of tea shoots often fluctuate with changing seasons. This study investigated the effect giving nitrogen levels in organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers on the ability of activity and antioxidant properties of tea shoots in different seasons. The experimental design used was a over season complete randomized block design consisting of 5 levels of fertilization concentration in the rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that the application of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N concentration in the dry season had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of tea shoots by 88.14%, and 34.15% higher than control plants in the rainy season and 41.81% more. Height of control plants in the dry season. The IC50 value of tea shoots in the rainy season and dry season has very strong antioxidant properties where the order of the antioxidant properties of the control plants < all concentrations of adding N to organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers < concentration of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N.Keywords: Ability Antioxidant Activity, Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer, Tea shoots, Antioxidant Properties.

Cytotoxicity Assay of Dètente Instantanée Côntrolée Pre-Dried Pandanus conoideus Lam. Extracts

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) contains antioxidant compounds in high levels, including beta-carotene and tocopherol, which neutralize free radical compounds which can cause cancer. Red fruit contains 46% water so red fruit can only last 5 days in this condition. To maintain its stability, it is necessary to dry it with various methods, for example détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) is a revolutionary pressure drop drying procedure. Every procedure for drying raw material can affect its quality and activity, for example the anticancer activity of red fruit. In-vitro cytotoxicity of DIC pre-dried red fruit extracts on HeLa cells has never been tested, so it is important to study. Red fruit which was obtained from Klamono, Sorong, a highland in Papua was extracted with ethanol or hexane which previously dried by DIC pre-drying or conventional drying methods were weighed then dissolved in DMSO. Cytotoxicity assays was conducted using method the MTT with five levels of extract concentration. Result of this research showed that cytotoxicity assay of red fruit extracts on HeLa cells showed that red fruit extract can inhibit cell viability. The conventionally dried red fruit extract shows stronger cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than the DIC pre-dried extract. Red fruit extract cytotoxicity against HeLa cells: ethanolic extract of red fruit previously dried by conventional drying technique > ethanolic extract of red fruit previously dried by DIC pre-drying process > hexane extract of red fruit previously dried by conventional drying method > hexane extract of red fruit previously dried by DIC pre-drying process.

Antioxidant protection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

The literature review summarizes the data on the classification and characteristics of the antioxidant defense system. This model combines a number of different substances. Each of the components of the antioxidant system acts in close connection with its other structural elements, harmoniously complements, and in many cases – enhances the action of each other. The functional basis of the system of antioxidant protection is formed by the glutathione system, the constituent elements of which are actually glutathione and enzymes that catalyze the reactions of its reverse transformation (oxidation ↔ reduction). Most researchers conventionally divide the system of antioxidant protection into enzymatic and non-enzymatic. The enzyme links of the antioxidant defense system include: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and other enzymes. The non-enzymatic system includes fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K, water-soluble vitamins C and PP, biogenic amines, glutathione, carotenoids, ubiquinone, sterols. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems are present in the bloodstream. The activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system is very well regulated and depends on age, physiological condition, hormone dynamics, intensity of antioxidant enzyme synthesis, pH, presence of coenzymes, inhibitors, activators and other factors. The non-enzymatic part of the antioxidant system does not require as many regulators as the chemical itself - the antioxidant - reacts chemically with the radical. Only the reaction rate can change. The lungs are directly exposed to oxygen and oxidants of polluted air, they are most sensitive to oxidative damage, so they have an increased possibility of free radical reactions. Protection against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species and free radicals is provided by anti-radical protective systems, especially the glutathione system and its enzymes. Numerous papers have obtained clinical and experimental data on the important role of free radical oxidation of lipids (FROL) and antioxidant systems (AOS) protection in the development of many diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The review presents modern views on the state of the system of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection in TB. The main topic of the review is information on the generation of free radical compounds by different populations of leukocytes with further enhancement of LPO and secondary deepening of functional disorders. The article substantiates the feasibility of identifying LPO products as non-specific markers of aseptic inflammation in TB and the need to develop new generations of antioxidants. One of the universal mechanisms of damage to cell membranes is LPO, the excessive activation of which is normally prevented by factors of the antioxidant defense system. Membrane-bound enzymes involved in the formation of LPO products include lipoxy and cyclooxygenases. Lipoperoxidation processes change the structure and phospholipid composition of cell membranes, which negatively affects the cellular immune response due to damage to the mechanisms of information transfer from extracellular regulators to intracellular effector systems.

Вплив іонів металів на функціонування антиоксидантної системи та ферменти міжклітинного матриксу пухлин за умов їх різної чутливості до доксорубіцину

The content of the essential macro- and microelements (MaE and ME) – copper, zinc, magnesium, iron and calcium was measured in blood plasma (BP) and tumor tissue (TT) of the animals engrafted with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (tumor strains sensitive or resistant to doxorubicin). Also, the link between the content of these elements and the functional state of metal-containing enzymes of antioxidant system (metallothionein-1 – MT-1, ceruloplasmin – CP, ferritin – FR, myeloperoxidase – MPO, transferrin – TF) as well proteolytic enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases – MMP-2 and -9) was studied. In BP of animals engrafted with either sensitive or resistant to doxorubicin carcinosarcoma Cu/Zn and Ca/Mg ratios increase 2.8-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively as compared to the intact animals. The differences between MaE and ME content in the animals with tumors differed in doxorubicin sensitivity as compared to the intact animals affected the indices of prooxidant-antioxidant system: 2.7 and 1.6-fold increase of MT-1 (for sensitive and resistant tumors, correspondingly), 1.2 and 1.6-fold increase of CP, and 4.6- and 9-fold increase of FR against 5 and 7.5-fold decrease of MPO and 1.3 and 1.9-fold decrease in TF. In TT of the animals engrafted with the resistant strain 1.7-fold decrease of MT-1, 65-fold increase of FR, and 2.5-fold increase of TF was evident as compared with TT of animals engrafted with the sensitive strain. The change in prooxidant-antioxidant balance in tumorbearing animals was accompanied by the increased proteolytic activity of the enzymes involved in remodeling extracellular matrix, MMP-2 and MMP-8. Increased copper and iron content in BP and TT of the animals with doxorubicinresistant Walker 256 carcinosarcoma could initiate of freeradical compounds generation and enhancement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. Therefore, the ionic misbalance might be the cause of changes of the antioxidant system functions contributing to the formation of the resistant phenotype of neoplasms. This provides the rationale for the use of chelating agents for increasing sensitivity of resistant neoplasms to cytostatics.

Antioxidant Activity of Fruit Extract Powder Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Using DPPH Method

Free radical effect is one of many factors that can cause coronic desease, heart coronary desease, diabetes militus. Beans plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) countant antioxidant compound. Antioxidants could inhibit oxidation reaction, that is cousing free radical compounds. The objective of this research was to determine the potential of bean extracts as an antioxidant. DPPH method was used to measure antioxidant activity, absorbances was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Scrining phytochemical used to identified secondary metabolites in samples. The result showed IC50 1268.18; 2512; 1698.18 and 4442.75 μg/mL for all variety of stroge (less 1, 1, 2, 3 months) and IC50 control BHT was 1.744 μg/mL. Extract of bean powder sample classified as very weak antioxidant activity, variety of storage could effect to antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening results obtained flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids present in the sample, while tannin are not included in the sample

An oxo-verdazyl radical for a symmetrical non-aqueous redox flow battery

Verdazyl free radical compounds are promising candidates for symmetrical all-organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to their redox stability, the ease with which their chemical structure can be varied, and their unique bipolar nature.

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН ПРООКСИДАНТНОЇ ТА АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМ У ЛЕГЕНЯХ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО АЛЬВЕОЛІТУ І СТРЕСУ

We have analysed the results of the study of alterations in indices of pro-oxidant (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase) systems in guinea pigs’lungs in experimental allergic alveolitis in the dynamics of EAA development under the conditions of immobilization stress. The study included 62 female guinea pigs weighing 180-220 g, divided into 4 groups: 1 – intact guinea pigs (n=20); 2 – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under conditions of IS (1st day); 3 – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under conditions of IS (2nd day); 4 – guinea pigs (n=14) with EAA under conditions of IS (34th day). The results of the experimental study showed that a signifi cant increase in conjugated diene level in animal lungs was observed at all stages of EAA development under conditions of immobilization stress as compared to a control group, indicating the activation of this marker. The same changes occurred with MDA content, indicating excessive accumulation of this lipid peroxidation product in lung tissue. Intensive synthesis of free radical compounds caused activation of some components of the enzymatic system of antioxidant defence. In particular, a moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissue is observed in response to an increased level of LOPs at early stages of EAA and immobilization stress development as compared to these indices in intact animals. The same situation is observed with catalase and ceruloplasmin activity in the lungs of guinea pigs with modelled AA and IS.

Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Biji Kopi Sangrai Jenis Arabika (Coffea arabica) Asal Wamena dan Moanemani, Papua

Coffee bean are rich of secondary metabolits that able to inhibit free radical compounds. This antioxidant activity may reduce many diseases correlated with it. The aims of this study were to determined the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of roasted coffee bean from Wamena and Moenemani regency, Papua. Roasted coffee beans were extracted by maceration for 24 hr with methanol. Harborne standard method was used for the phytochemical analysis  and DPPH assay was used to  determine the antioxidant activity. IC50 was measured by spectrophotometric assay using spectrophotometer Uv-Vis at 517 nm wavelenghth. Result showed that both Arabica roasted coffee beans from Wamena and Moanemany had the capacity to inhibit free radical  at 61,71% and 69,7% with IC50 at  107,97 and 100,91 ppm, respectively . Phytochemical investigation revealed that the bioactive compounds from Moanemani and Wamena coffee beans were similar, which composed of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and tanins. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of roasted Arabica coffee beans from Wamena and Moanemani can be used as the source of natural antioxidant.Keywords: Arabica roasted coffee beans; phytochemical; antioxidant; DPPH method.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI AKAR TABAR KEDAYAN (Aristolochia foveolata Merr.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2 DIPHENYL-1-PICRILHYDRAZIL)

Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals, thus protecting the body from various diseases by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules that can damage cells. The use of high-dose synthetic antioxidants is reported to be toxic and carcinogenic. Tabar Kedayan root (Aristolochia foveolata Merr) is one of the native plants from North Kalimantan, which is empirically used as an anti-poison, containing secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants. Some studies report that the function of flavonoids can be to prevent and treat cancer. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction of Tabar Kedayan root with 2.2 Diphenyl-
 1-Picrilhydrazil (DPPH) method as a free radical compound. The results of the study obtained IC50 values for each sample, at ethyl acetate fraction 267.48 ppm, ethanol
 extract at 603.80 ppm, ethanol-water fraction 705.43 ppm, n- hexane fraction
 1500 ppm. The antioxidant activity tests indicate that ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as weak antioxidant, while the ethanol-water fraction and n-hexane fraction exhibit no antioxidant activity.
 
 Keywords : Tabar Kedayan, Antioxidants, 2.2 Diphenyl-1-Picrilhydrazil

EKSTRAK RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa Linn) MENURUNKAN PENYAKIT PERLEMAKAN HATI NON-ALKOHOLIK

The use of recycled frying oil or deep frying oil (DFO) lead to increase in free fatty acid, trans fatty acid and free radical compound. It can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). a chronic liver disease cause the risk for cirrhosis and heart cancer. However, there is no medicine for preventing the disease. The present study was conducted to investigate the turmeric reduces steatosis hepatocyte of male Wistar rat NAFLD model. The study used experimental randomize post-test only control group design. The 24 samples consist of four treatment groups. Group I (control): normal diet + DFO (10 μl/g/day on 6 times heating), Group II, III and IV: normal diet + DFO (10 μl/g/day on 6 times heating)+ turmeric Extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) by given for 30 days through oral induction. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the four treatment groups (P= 0.019) .The results of Mann-Whitney test showed significant difference in steatosis hepatocyte between the control group (P1) and treatment group(P3) the dose of 200 mg/kg BW. This suggests that a dose of 200 mg/kg BW is an effective dose in decreasing hepatocyte steatosis.

The analyze of lung’s GSH number in rats exposed by cigarette smoke and inducted by rambutan peel extract

The cigarette smoke is one of the pollutants in human and environment. It contains free radical compounds which cause oxidative stress. In the oxidative stress condition, the free radical causing peroxidation of cell membrane lipid as well as damages the cell membrane. One of the biomarkers of oxidative stress happens the number of GSH. The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of rat's GSH which exposed by cigarette smoke as well as inducted by rambutan pell extract. This study applied to 25 male rats of Wistar which divided into five groups; K1 (control), K2 (negative), K3, K4, and K5 were the treatment groups of rambutan peel extract with various dosage; 3, 6, 12 mg/200 gramBB and cigarette smoke exposure along 30 days. The number of GSH measured by the DTNB of lung tissue. To know the difference of GSH number of each group did the data analysis with one way ANOVA test and LSD advance test. The result of statistic analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and treatment group. The conclusion of this study was the rambutan peel extract with 3 mg/200 gramBB dosage could increase the number of lung's GSH of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Potency of Swallow Nest Extract (Collocalia fuciphago) as Pancreaprotector Through Oxidative Mechanism in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Streptozotocin

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome with characteristics of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can lead to the formation of excessive free radical compounds that trigger oxidative stress, especially on pancreatic β cells. Swallow nest contains amino acids which are insulin-forming compounds and glutathione that can act as a major reducing agent and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of swallow’s nest water extract as a pancreaprotector through oxidative mechanism in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by streptozotocin. The rats induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW and then randomly divided into 4 groups. Control groups were given aquades and 3 treatment groups, respectively were administered swallow’s nest water extract at doses of 1, 10, 100 mg/kg BW for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured on 7, 14 and 21 day. MDA measured after the animal is determined at day 28th.Level of fasting blood glucose and MDA were analyzed by statistic using Kruskal Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons Mann Whitney test. There was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level with p = 0.04 in all treatment groups compared the control group. The administration of swallow nest extract significantly decreased MDA pancreas with p value = 0.000 and dose 100 mg/kgBW extract of swallow’s nest significantly decrease pancreatic MDA level. The administration of swallow’s nest water extract shows decrease of fasting blood sugar and has a protective effect on the rats’ pancreas through oxidative mechanism. Keywords: Swallow's nest extract, MDA

СИСТЕМА ГЛУТАТІОНУ КРОВІ ЩУРІВ З ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЮ МОДЕЛЛЮ ОЖИРІННЯ В РАЗІ СПОЖИВАННЯ ЕКСТРАКТУ ЛУШПИННЯ КВАСОЛІ ЗВИЧАЙНОЇ (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS)

The state of the glutathione-dependent link of the antioxidant blood system of rats under obesity development and with the compatible consumption of the kidney bean (P. vulgaris) pods extract was studied. Glutathione system forms functional basis of organism antioxidant defense system and disturbances in its work can lead to a number of serious cytotoxic and destructive lesions. Glutathione system constituent elements has its own glutathione and enzymes, which catalyze the reaction of its reverse transformation. These include glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase. It is known that the water kidney bean (P. vulgaris) pods extract has hypoglycemic properties. However, complex studies of the polyfunctional action of this extract in obesity are absent. The obtained results indicate a decrease in the overall potential of the glutathione system in animals on a high-calorie diet. It has been established that glutathione peroxidase activity (GP) decreases in the serum of rats under experimental obesity, also glutathione transferase (GT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increase compared to the corresponding values in control animals. Our results demonstrated the concentration decrease of recovered glutathione (GSH) under consumption of high-calorie diet compared to the control. The findings after 6-th weeks of kidney bean (P. vulgaris) pods extract consumption indicate the positive modulating effect of this extract on the content of GSH and the activity of GP, GT and GR in rats with the obesity development. Probably, the consumption of this extract leads to attraction of the investigated components of the antioxidant system to the reactions of neutralization of toxic free radical compounds that were formed against the background of the development of obesity. Further studies may serve as the basis for the development of new therapeutic or medicinal preparations that based on the kidney bean (P. vulgaris) pods extract, because of still no consensus on the treatment of obesity.