Service Framework Research Articles

E-SAWM: A Semantic Analysis-Based ODF Watermarking Algorithm for Edge Cloud Scenarios

With the growing demand for data sharing file formats in financial applications driven by open banking, the use of the OFD (open fixed-layout document) format has become widespread. However, ensuring data security, traceability, and accountability poses significant challenges. To address these concerns, we propose E-SAWM, a dynamic watermarking service framework designed for edge cloud scenarios. This framework incorporates dynamic watermark information at the edge, allowing for precise tracking of data leakage throughout the data-sharing process. By utilizing semantic analysis, E-SAWM generates highly realistic pseudostatements that exploit the structural characteristics of documents within OFD files. These pseudostatements are strategically distributed to embed redundant bits into the structural documents, ensuring that the watermark remains resistant to removal or complete destruction. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm has a minimal impact on the original file size, with the watermarked text occupying less than 15%, indicating a high capacity for carrying the watermark. Additionally, compared to existing explicit watermarking schemes for OFD files based on annotation structure, our proposed watermarking scheme is suitable for the technical requirements of complex dynamic watermarking in edge cloud scenario deployment. It effectively overcomes vulnerabilities associated with easy deletion and tampering, providing high concealment and robustness.

Ten-year review of trends in children with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales.

This review describes the prevalence, incidence, and demographics of children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales using data from the United Kingdom National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) and has almost 100% submission from all paediatric diabetes centres annually. It is a powerful benchmarking tool and is an essential part of a long-term quality improvement programme for CYP with diabetes. Clinical characteristics of this population by age, insulin regimen, complication rates, health inequalities, access to diabetes technology, socioeconomic deprivation and glycaemic outcomes over the past decade is described in the review. The NPDA for England and Wales is commissioned by the United Kingdom Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership as part of the National Clinical Audit for the United Kingdom National Service Framework for Diabetes. The rising incidence of Type 1 diabetes is evidenced in the past decade. Reduction in national median glycated hemoglobin for CYP with diabetes is observed over the last 10 years and the improvement sustained by various initiatives and quality improvement pro-grammes implemented with universal health coverage.

Authentication of Medical Documentation with Privacy Protection and Sharing in Cloud

There is a growing need for better medical care as a result of the adoption of clever electronic gadgets and the development of cloud and cloudlet technologies. Data collection, storage, and dissemination are the three main steps in the medical data processing chain. The traditional healthcare system frequently requires the transfer of medical data to the cloud, resulting in the use of sensitive user data and communication energy. The exchange of medical information is a crucial and difficult problem. In this study, we suggest a brand-new human services framework that makes use of cloud let's flexibility. Security assurance, information sharing, and intrusion detection are among the components of cloudlets. We apply the Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) technique to encrypt the user's bodily data gathered by wearable devices during the data gathering phase. This information is then efficiently transferred to nearby cloudlets. We also present a trust model to help users choose reliable partners that want to share cloudlet-stored data.

Linking ecotoxicological effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions to impairment of ecosystem services is a challenge: an illustration with the case of plant protection products.

There is growing interest in using the ecosystem services framework for environmental risk assessments of chemicals, including plant protection products (PPPs). Although this topic is increasingly discussed in the recent scientific literature, there is still a substantial gap between most ecotoxicological studies and a solid evaluation of potential ecotoxicological consequences on ecosystem services. This was recently highlighted by a collective scientific assessment (CSA) performed by 46 scientific experts who analyzed the international science on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services. Here, we first point out the main obstacles to better linking knowledge on the ecotoxicological effects of PPPs on biodiversity and ecological processes with ecosystem functions and services. Then, we go on to propose and discuss possible pathways for related improvements. We describe the main processes governing the relationships between biodiversity, ecological processes, and ecosystem functions in response to effects of PPP, and we define categories of ecosystem functions that could be directly linked with the ecological processes used as functional endpoints in investigations on the ecotoxicology of PPPs. We then explore perceptions on the possible links between these categories of ecosystem functions and ecosystem services among a sub-panel of the scientific experts from various fields of environmental science. We find that these direct and indirect linkages still need clarification. This paper, which reflects the difficulties faced by the multidisciplinary group of researchers involved in the CSA, suggests that the current gap between most ecotoxicological studies and a solid potential evaluation of ecotoxicological consequences on ecosystem services could be partially addressed if concepts and definitions related to ecological processes, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services were more widely accepted and shared within the ecotoxicology community. Narrowing this gap would help harmonize and extend the science that informs decision-making and policy-making, and ultimately help to better address the trade-off between social benefits and environmental losses caused by the use of PPPs.

An implementation framework for transformative gamification services

ABSTRACT Gamification services are hailed as effective tools for influencing users’ behaviours, increasing engagement, motivation, and enhancing learning. In the field of behaviour change, transformative outcomes have been reported for gamification services; with some conceptualisation undertaken regarding transformative gamification services. However, there is a lack of research on practical implementation of transformative gamification services. Also, previous studies have often isolated a single component of gamification and not discussed the synergistic effects and behavioural outcomes of the experiences that the combination of gamification elements can create. To bridge this gap, we provide an implementation framework for transformative gamification services. This is achieved by identifying different components of transformative gamification from a social marketing and transformative service research (TSR) lens and their behavioural outcomes. To do this, we delve into game design, gamification and behaviour change literature and suggest a practical implementation framework which incorporates users' perspectives in the form of transformative values, user engagement types (play typologies), and consumption/service encounter experiences. This research contributes to gamification theory and practice by furthering the understanding of transformative gamification services in social marketing and TSR. It also provides behaviour change practitioners with detailed steps for implementation of such services aiming to create positive behavioural changes.

Digital health services in Bangladesh—The need for a sustainable design framework

AbstractBangladesh received the United Nations Award for DigitalHealth Development in 2011. Inspired by the recognition, the country has launched several digital health initiatives over the last decade. However, despite achievements in expanding information and communication technologies, recent studies show that current digital health services are difficult to use, fail to meet user needs, are subject to threats in data privacy and security, lack a robust digital infrastructure, and do not benefit from a cohesive policy and regulatory environment. As the country currently deals with the post‐COVID‐19 consequences, it is high time for its healthcare policymakers to address these challenges and take the necessary actions to establish a people‐centered framework for digital health service design and operations. In this commentary, we proposed a design framework for digital health services that address these ongoing challenges in the digital health services of Bangladesh. We believe the proposed framework stands to help Bangladesh and other coutnries attain sustainability.

Core model of information technology governance system design in local government

Information technology governance (ITG) in local government is aimed at a good governance service framework. Reports produced as a result of the framework’s implementation help to improve governance’s openness, potency, and efficiency. A strong governance structure for adopting information technology (IT) is essential to ensuring its best utilization. The governance system should be properly managed to support the organization’s business. Therefore, this research aims to design an ITG system suitable for best practices using the control objectives for information technologies (COBIT) 2019 framework. The recommendations from the core model were processed based on the priority or competence level that local government entities use. It also produced a core model with capability levels of 1 and 2 that do not exist. The recommendation designated for the priority level of 3 was 17. The core model to be assigned a capability level of 4 urgently needed to be implemented was 23 core models.

Simulasi Pinjaman Daerah sebagai alternatif pilihan Pembiayaan Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Kabupaten Batang Hari

Regional Loans are one of the alternative sources of financing in the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget to fund activities that are initiatives of the Regional Government in the framework of Local Government affairs based on the provisions of laws and regulations. Regional loans can be used to finance infrastructure and/or investment in regional infrastructure and facilities in the framework of public services. In addition, Regional Loans can also be used to cover regional cash flow. This study aims to determine the financial capability of the Batang Hari Regency Government and determine the number of feasible loans if the Batang Hari Regency Government makes regional loans as an alternative to financing infrastructure development. The data used in this study is secondary time series data derived from the Batang Hari Regency Government Budget Realization Report for the 2017-2021 period. The analysis tools used are the ratio of regional financial ability to repay loans with the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR), the Maximum Loan Limit (BMP) and to determine the amount of loans that can be made by regions in 2017-2021 by calculating regional revenue plans and regional spending plans, which are carried out using the Trend analysis method. Based on the simulation result conducted, the Batang Hari Regency Government has a Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) value of 4.81 which exceeds the minimum standard set at 2.5. The results of the analysis also show a Maximum Loan Limit of Rp. 740,070,216,978. Based on data obtained in fiscal year 2021. When viewed from the projection results, the loan that can be obtained by the Regional Government of Batang Hari Regency according to the analysis of the BMP Maximum Loan Limit in 2022 is IDR 706,263,200,215. Net funds are obtained from the projected results for 2022 of Rp. 503,718,603,808 and the maximum installments that can be prepared are Rp. 201,487,441,523.

Perancangan Media Video Profil Guna Peningkatan Pelayanan Publik di Kantor Camat Danau Sipin Kota Jambi

Service to the community is the main objective in the implementation of public administration. In the implementation of public services, it must be based on service standards as a benchmark that is used as a guideline for service delivery and a reference for evaluating service quality as an obligation and promise of implementation to the community in the framework of quality, fast, easy, affordable and measurable services. The Danau Sipin sub-district office is one of the sub-district offices in Jambi City which provides public services in the field of population administration related to licensing and non-licensing. In the implementation of public services, there are problems regarding information management in terms of providing services in the form of information to the public. not yet effective and efficient or not yet digitized often makes it difficult for the community to obtain information regarding licensing or non-licensing requirements and procedures. Designing a video profile for the Danau Sipin Sub-district Office can improve information management in providing information services to the people of the Danau Sipin sub-district. The community can easily obtain information from social media such as YouTube which displays information related to licensing and non-licensing at the Danau Sipin Sub-district Office, Jambi City.

A Strategy for Strengthening: Implementation of the Capabilities Opportunities Assessment Tool for the Public Health Workforce.

Strengthening the national public health infrastructure is crucial to ensure provision of necessary public health services in all jurisdictions. Public health agencies and their governing bodies need an evidence-based understanding of workforces' capabilities to operationalize this effort. The Capabilities Opportunities Assessment Tool for the Public Health Workforce (COAT-PH) is an assessment of workforce foundational capabilities (FCs), based on the Foundational Public Health Services (FPHS) framework. The COAT-PH provides data on employees' capabilities to health departments to help them improve and operationalize the FPHS. This article describes the development and pilot testing of the COAT-PH in a convenience sample of 8 health departments in Texas of various sizes and accreditation statuses. Participating leadership teams were provided easily interpretable reports to deliver clear evidence of division and organization-level workforce capability gaps and strengths. Follow-up semistructured interviews were conducted with leaders to capture insights into the tool and the usefulness of the findings. Eighty-eight percent of pilot health departments reported successfully appraising employee capability deficits, and 83% of small and medium health departments successfully assessed division or organizational FC strengths and gaps. All participating departments identified ways they could use their findings in future improvement efforts. Instrument psychometrics included the Cronbach α of internal reliability using a small test-retest sample (n = 6) of 0.956. Item test-retest reliability using Cohen's κ revealed 89% of items demonstrated at least slight reliability and 43% demonstrated moderate to substantial reliability. Content validity was established through review by 15 subject matter experts in the field of public health. To provide the FPHS, health department leadership teams need a strong, prepared workforce and an effective method to demonstrate employee capabilities and provide evidence of health department workforce strengths and gaps to their governing bodies in the form of data that are clear and easy to understand. Early results demonstrated the usefulness of the COAT-PH in this effort.

Exploring the E-learning Supporting Systems for Students with Special Needs

Objectives: This study provided a comprehensive exposition of an educational delivery service framework incorporating inclusive education for children with special needs. It is of the utmost importance to investigate the most efficient models that can be established to assist children who have special needs in becoming active members of the society. The field of e-learning has experienced significant expansion owing to the proliferation of a diverse range of technological tools and devices which enable users to access educational resources. Numerous educational support frameworks have been implemented to make the integration of learners with special needs into regular academic programs swifter.
 
 Methodology: This study used the literature review as its methodology. The study gathered data from articles, books, videos and official circulations about the services and supporting systems used for students with special needs in Saudi Arabia. The study also relied on the descriptive approach to support the review by conducting interviews with school headmasters in 20 different schools. The interviews were content-analysed and reviewed to extract opinions on the models used in these schools.
 
 Results and conclusion: Most of the interviewed participants agreed that the comprehensive quality model presents better opportunities for all students and teachers alike. The findings showed the availability of several models that educators can use to evaluate the e-learning supporting systems. The study benefits teachers and educators in understanding the e-learning supporting systems.

Respite care models and practices for persons with intellectual disability: A scoping review

Background: Families are the primary caregivers for persons with intellectual disability (ID), offering informal support to ensure community living. Ensuring families are adequately supported is key to reduce the financial, physical, mental and social toll which long-standing inadequately supported care giving may evoke. Respite care is such a support service offered to caregivers and care-recipients with ID.Objective: Part of a larger study aimed at developing a respite care service framework for persons with ID for South Africa, the review aimed to elucidate what principles and practices inform current respite care services for this population globally.Method: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review framework guided the review. Databases were searched using key and surrogate terms for relevant literature published from 2006 to 2021.Results: Thirty-one sources met the inclusion criteria from 417 screened sources of evidence. These were published between 2006 and 2020, and included grey and peer-reviewed articles, the latter mostly mixed design. Information on respite care service characteristics, principles, practices, guidelines, evaluations and impacts were found for high- but not low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).Conclusion: There is an existing knowledge base that can be drawn on to inform the development of quality respite care. The lack of published information on respite care in LMICs necessitates further research to ensure contextually appropriate respite care developments in these settings.Contribution: This study contributes to the knowledge base on respite care for persons with ID and points out the research gap in LMICs.

The COVID-19 response and accountability in South Africa.

South Africa is a country that has undergone massive societal changes in the last 30 years. At the time coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) struck, the country was still facing challenges in terms of inequality and the disaster vulnerability of its population. During COVID-19, the provision of lifesaving personal protective equipment and other resources was marred by corruption and failings of the governmental officials. At the same time, the complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic required operational changes in the public health and disaster risk management systems. This study provides an overview of the public service accountability legislation and framework. Flexibility of the disaster management structures at the local government level and flexible information sharing as well as cooperation of all relevant stakeholders are critical for efficient management of the coronavirus pandemic and the maintenance of accountability in that space. Those experiences are captured at local and district municipality levels in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Best practices and lessons should be taken forward and identified.

Toward a Sustainable Blue Economy in the Coastal Zone: Case Study of an Industrialized Coastal Ecosystem in Greece

Representing 9% of the land worldwide, the coastal zone is a highly populated part of the land, where economic and social growth continuously arise. An expected consequence of rapid development on the coastal zone is the creation of significant environmental pressures connected to human activities. Within this framework, the need to use the ecosystem services concept under the prism of sustainable development has risen to increase the provision of services to the people through an ecosystem approach using the human–environment interaction. The aim of this paper is to form an integrated approach for sustainable blue economy in a coastal ecosystem, using the SDGs and the ecosystem services frameworks and exploring the interlinkages of the ecosystem’s parameters from both sides. The outcome of this study is the formation of a decision-making tool for sustainable blue economy in a coastal ecosystem, which classifies the SDGs with a specific factor, according to their importance for the sustainable blue economy, and helps stakeholders prioritize their actions toward the achievement of sustainability in the specific ecosystem. A case study of this approach is Elefsis Gulf, a coastal ecosystem in the eastern Mediterranean, located 18 km from the historic city of Athens, Greece.

A Blockchain-Based Auction Framework for Location-Aware Services

As a critical factor in ensuring the growth of the electronic auction (e-auction) domain, the privacy and security of the participants (sellers and buyers) must always be guaranteed. Traditionally, auction data, including participant details, are stored in a third party (auctioneer) database. This leads to a high risk of a single point of failure in terms of privacy and security. Toward this end, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising decentralized communication paradigm to address such risks. This paper presents a blockchain-based auction framework as a decentralized e-auctioning framework for location-aware services. In particular, the framework consists of three components: pre-auctioning, main auctioning, and post-auctioning processes with four algorithms. Our primary focus is on location-aware services, such as storage space rental, apartment rental, transport hire, and parking space rental. The trading volumes are expected to be high; hence, simplifying the design is a crucial requirement. In addition to the benefits of eliminating the centralized entity (the auctioneer), fees are redistributed among participants as rewards. Further, we incorporate a service quality monitoring method that ranks the services provided by participants. This ranking allows participants to determine the rank of other participants with whom they wish to trade. We have conducted several experiments to evaluate the proposed framework’s cost feasibility and to ensure the ease of the business flow.

Assessing the Solid Protocol in Relation to Security and Privacy Obligations

The Solid specification aims to empower data subjects by giving them direct access control over their data across multiple applications. As governments are manifesting their interest in this framework for citizen empowerment and e-government services, security and privacy represent pivotal issues to be addressed. By analysing the relevant legislation, with an emphasis on GDPR and officially approved documents such as codes of conduct and relevant security ISO standards, we formulate the primary security and privacy requirements for such a framework. The legislation places some obligations on pod providers, much like cloud services. However, what is more interesting is that Solid has the potential to support GDPR compliance of Solid apps and data users that connect, via the protocol, to Solid pods containing personal data. A Solid-based healthcare use case is illustrated where identifying such controllers responsible for apps and data users is essential for the system to be deployed. Furthermore, we survey the current Solid protocol specifications regarding how they cover the highlighted requirements, and draw attention to potential gaps between the specifications and requirements. We also point out the contribution of recent academic work presenting novel approaches to increase the security and privacy degree provided by the Solid project. This paper has a twofold contribution to improve user awareness of how Solid can help protect their data and to present possible future research lines on Solid security and privacy enhancements.

Agroforestry as a Driver for the Provisioning of Peri-Urban Socio-Ecological Functions: A Trans-Disciplinary Approach

Peri-urban rural system rehabilitation is pivotal to the socio-ecological balanced functioning of urban systems. In this paper, we investigate the performance of agroforestry participative practices in rehabilitating peri-urban belts (in-field productive agroforestry; between-field landscape features). We test a new trans-disciplinary, multi-level analytical framework for the ecosystem services (ESs) assessment based on site-specific socio-ecological information. We parallelly analyse ecological and cultural traits: 1. agroecosystem components (flora–vegetation; human community); 2. their organization at the landscape level (landscape eco-mosaic; cultural landscape); and 3. their socio-ecological functions/processes. We compare the current state with a transformation scenario. The first application to the “Milano Porta Verde” agroecology hub, Italy, outlined: 1. the agro-eco-mosaic structuring and diversification improvement consequent to the agroforestry model spread (higher natural components percentage, agricultural patch shape complexity, landscape heterogeneity, landscape structural diversity, connectivity and circuitry); and 2. the cultural functions provided by participative practices (40 initiatives; 1860 people involved; 10 stakeholder types), enabling cultural landscape rehabilitation processes (higher accessibility, citizen empowerment, community and knowledge building, cultural values building). These results qualitatively inform the ES analysis. The potential ES supply matrices and maps showed an increase, through a transformation scenario, in the total ESs delivered by natural components (+44% support ESs; +36% regulating ESs) and agricultural components (+21% cultural ESs; +15% regulating ESs).

Impact of Wind on eVTOL Operations and Implications for Vertiport Airside Traffic Flows: A Case Study of Hamburg and Munich

This study examines the impact of wind/gust speed conditions on airside traffic flows at vertiports in the context of on-demand urban air mobility based on the Vertidrome Airside Level of Service Framework. A wind-dependent operational concept introducing four wind speed categories with corresponding wind-dependent separation values is developed and applied in simulation. A decade (2011–2020) of historical METAR wind/gust speed reports are analyzed for a potential vertiport location at Hamburg and Munich airport, and a representative year of wind speed data is selected for each location as simulation input. Both locations experience performance degradation during the first quarter of the simulated year, which contains over 50% of the annual flight cancellations, and exceed wind-operating conditions, especially during midday and early afternoon hours. This study discusses the importance of wind-dependent coordination of flight schedules and analyzes the challenge of determining appropriate wind speed category thresholds. Lower thresholds result in an increased frequency of operationally unfavorable wind/gust conditions. Additional sensitivity analyses are performed to study the effects of wind-dependent separation deltas and wind-(in)dependent scheduling approaches. In conclusion, the presented approach enables planners and operators to make informed decisions about vertiport traffic flow characteristics and performance, vertiport location, and business cases.

Valuing ecosystem services in complex coastal settings: An extended ecosystem accounting framework for improved decision-making

What gets measured gets managed is an axiom common to the business world that also applies to the management of environmental assets and processes. But what is the most adequate way to measure ecosystem value to optimise ecosystem management? In this paper, we unpack three valuation frameworks often applied in understanding ecosystem services and their benefits: 1) the Ecosystem Services framework, operationalised by the United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) framework; 2) value-centric approaches operationalised by the Total Economic Value framework; and 3) First Nations Peoples (FNP) frameworks, which seek to capture values from FNPs’ perspective. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these value frameworks for managing the World’s largest reef ecosystem—the Australian Great Barrier Reef—we construct an extended SEEA-EA valuation framework tailored to complex coastal settings. The significance of our approach is the inclusion of the whole range of benefits from all coastal and marine uses and users and therefore the integration of non-market and FNP values into the more traditional market-based valuation approach. Assessments that jointly consider multiple values originating from these three different frameworks are more likely to produce sustainable management outcomes than more restrictive approaches.

Gambaran Kualitas Layanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Ngemplak Simongan

Service quality is one measure to assess public services. Public service is an activity or a series of activities in the context of fulfilling service needs in accordance with statutory regulations for every citizen and resident for goods, services and/or administrative services provided by public service providers. The state is obliged to serve every citizen and resident to fulfill their basic rights and needs within the framework of public services which are mandated by the 1945 Constitution. The Ngemplak Simongan Health Center is the first level implementing unit in providing health services in its working area, namely the village level. The purpose of this study was to see the extent to which the quality of health services at the Ngemplak Simongan Health Center was satisfied by looking at the elements of safety, effectiveness, patient-centered, timely, efficiency, fairness. The method used in this research is purposive sampling. The results showed that the health services at the Ngemplak Simongan Health Center were quite good, but there were still some that were lacking at this Health Center. It is hoped that the facilities and infrastructure available at the Ngemplak Simongan Health Center can improve the performance and quality of services provided. It is hoped that the Ngemplak Simongan Health Center can be better in providing services in the future by seeing that there is still dissatisfaction with health service users at the Ngemplak Simongan Health Center.