Foundational Knowledge Research Articles

An Analysis of Bank Syariah Indonesia digital services and features

Aligned with technological advancements and evolving customer preferences for cutting-edge banking solutions, Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) has introduced the BSI Mobile Application, aiming to deliver efficient banking services in adherence to Sharia financial principles. This study is prompted by the quest for a comprehensive understanding of the digital services offered by BSI, specifically focusing on identifying distinctive features, evaluating integration levels, and assessing their impact on the operational efficiency of the bank. Employing a qualitative approach through the library research method, the research draws data from diverse sources, including literature, scientific journals, books, official documents, and pertinent information accessible through library repositories and digital platforms.Utilizing a literature study as the primary data collection technique and applying the Miles and Huberman data analysis method, this research ensures the validity and reliability of findings by relying on credible sources such as scientific journals and official documents from Bank Syariah Indonesia. The outcomes of this research successfully unveil and elaborate on the array of digital services provided by BSI, highlighting distinctive features that set it apart from conventional mobile banking applications. The analysis of BSI Mobile features offers profound insights into services that embody a holistic approach, demonstrating efficiency and compliance with Sharia financial principles.This research serves as a foundational knowledge source for future inquiries. The anticipation is that a more profound comprehension of digital service types, specific features, and their effects on BSI's operational efficiency will serve as a guide for developing more efficacious strategies in the future. The envisaged positive contribution aims to optimize digital services at BSI, enhance the overall customer experience, and elevate the operational efficiency of the bank.

Impelemntasi Metode Montesorri dalam pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

Early childhood is a crucial period in child development, encompassing the time from birth to around eight years old. During this phase, children experience rapid growth, both physically and mentally. The foundation of skills, values, and knowledge established during this time will influence their future development. In this research, a qualitative research design is used. The qualitative approach is chosen because the primary focus of the study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of the Montessori method, developed by Dr. Maria Montessori. This educational approach values the unique learning styles of children. By emphasizing learning through direct experience and creating a supportive environment, practical, sensory, and academic activities in the classroom are designed to encourage independent learning and help children understand concepts concretely. The Montessori method facilitates a meaningful and sustainable learning process, making it an effective choice in early childhood education.

Basic Principles in the Application of Problem-Based Learning in Medical Biochemistry Education

Although the methods of applied education vary, it is well-known that medical faculties are among the faculties with the most intensive curriculum across all universities. In the medical education system applied throughout our country, the aim is to build a strong medical foundation by starting with an intensive theoretical curriculum, with basic science courses predominantly taught during the first three years. Following this, the objective is to provide clinical training through practical rotations in clinics, building on the acquired foundational knowledge. However, some challenges are encountered in the traditional lecture-based approach, particularly in delivering theoretical courses during the first three terms. As an alternative to the traditional teaching method, the problem-based learning (PBL) model, which was first introduced in the 1960s at McMaster University Faculty of Medicine in Canada, has been developed. Today, this model is widely used in medical education globally, either as a standalone method or in combination with traditional approaches. Medical biochemistry, which evolved in the 19th and 20th centuries and has become a significant field that bridges basic and clinical medical knowledge in the 21st century, has a detailed and comprehensive curriculum. Given its importance in medical education, as well as its broad and detailed scope, different teaching methods are required for the effective and long-lasting retention of medical biochemistry knowledge. The problem-based learning method, which promotes interactive learning, encourages students to research and access new information, and motivates them to work collaboratively in a student-centered, brainstorming-based group setting, offers a strong alternative to classical lecture-based teaching in medical biochemistry. Research has also highlighted the numerous benefits of using problem-based learning in medical biochemistry education. Incorporating problem-based learning into the curriculum of faculties offering medical biochemistry education could enhance the quality of education. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the effects of problem-based learning method on medical biochemistry education with the current literature.

Comprehensive Insights into Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractAqueous potassium‐ion batteries (AKIBs) with mild aqueous electrolytes can significantly mitigate the safety and environmental issues raised from traditional nonaqueous batteries, positioning them as promising candidates for grid‐scale applications. Nonetheless, the progression of AKIBs is currently impeded by the insufficient energy density, largely attributed to the limited voltage window of aqueous electrolytes. This review aims to introduce foundational knowledge about aqueous batteries, illustrates recent advancements in AKIBs, and offers valuable perspectives on designing electrode materials and optimizing electrolytes. To provide a systematic overview, the focus is on the following seven key sections: i) development history, ii) electrode materials, iii) electrolyte design, iv) current collectors, v) aqueous interphase chemistry, vi) full cell configurations, and vii) future prospects. Finally, constructive insights and suggestions are provided for the development of AKIBs with higher energy density.

Oculofacial plastic surgery in the cancer patient: A narrative review.

The authors performed a computerized search using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The search terms used were "chemotherapy AND surgery", "immunotherapy AND surgery", "radiotherapy AND surgery", "nutrition AND surgery", "(oculoplastic OR orbit OR eyelid OR lacrimal OR puncta) AND (chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy)", "(facial OR facial plastic OR oculoplastic) AND (chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy)", "(cancer OR malignancy) AND surgery", "(cancer OR malignancy) AND (surgery OR surgical) complications", "wound healing AND (cancer OR malignancy)", "infection AND (cancer OR malignancy)", "(bleeding OR blood loss) AND (cancer OR malignancy) AND surgery", "(chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy) AND wound healing", "(chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy) AND (bleeding OR blood loss)", "(chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy) AND infection". A total of 89 articles, published from 1993 to 2023 in the English language or with English translations were included. Articles published earlier than 2000 were cited for foundational knowledge. References cited in the identified articles were also used to gather further data for the review. Patients who are being treated for cancer or are undergoing current treatment for cancer require special considerations. Systemic therapies and radiotherapy impact the physiology of patients and the integrity of tissue in ways that significantly impact surgical interventions. It is imperative for the oculofacial plastic surgeon to have a complete understanding on how a previous or current diagnosis of cancer can influence surgical outcomes.

Applying AlAfnan Taxonomy to English Composition Courses: Structuring Learning Outcomes for Effective Teaching

The article explores the significance of adopting AlAfnan’s (2024a) educational taxonomy in teaching composition courses. Moving beyond the traditional focus on technical writing skills, this framework incorporates foundational knowledge, critical thinking, ethical reasoning, practical application, creativity, and adaptability. The aim is to cultivate proficient writers and holistic communicators equipped to navigate the complexities of the dynamic 21st-century landscape. The foundation of the educational taxonomy lies in acknowledging that composition courses are more than exercises in mastering mechanics; they represent a journey into ideas. By infusing foundational knowledge and comprehension, students gain a profound understanding of the subjects they engage with, ensuring clarity and coherence in their expression. Evaluation and synthesis go beyond the transmission of information to foster intellectual rigor and depth in student writing. Integrating ethical and moral reasoning into the taxonomy prompts students to consider the societal implications of their language choices, instilling a sense of responsibility in communication. Practical application and strategic thinking are deemed indispensable for effective writing. The framework prepares students for the diverse challenges of the professional world to transcend the boundaries of academic writing. Creativity and innovation are embraced to create an environment where original ideas and innovative writing approaches are encouraged and celebrated. In recognition of the rapid changes characterizing the modern era, AlAfnan’s educational taxonomy incorporates lifelong learning and adaptability elements. This ensures that students view writing skills as dynamic tools requiring continuous refinement, cultivating a mindset essential for success in an ever-evolving global environment. The achievement of the learning outcomes in this study shall transform composition courses into transformative experiences that shape students into adept communicators prepared for the multifaceted demands of a rapidly evolving world.

Bibliometric analysis of autophagy in NAFLD from 2004 to 2023.

Autophagy is a cellular process in which damaged organelles or unnecessary proteins are encapsulated into double-membrane structures and transported to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays a crucial role in various liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aims to elucidate the role of autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through bibliometric analysis. Literature was retrieved from Web of Science CoreCollection database, and the search time was from January 01, 2004 to December 31, 2023. Data retrieval was performed using the Bibliometrix package in R software. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were utilized to visualize the research hotspots and trends related to the effect of autophagy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A total of 966 papers were obtained, published in 343 journals from 1385 institutions across 57 countries. The journals with the most publications were the "International Journal of Molecular Sciences" and "Scientific Reports." China had the highest number of published papers. The most productive authors were Yen Paul M and Jung Tae Woo, while Singh R was the most frequently co-cited author. Emerging research hotspots were associated with keywords such as insulin resistance, ferroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial function. Research on autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is still in its early stages, with a growing body of literature. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, synthesizing research trends and advancements. It identifies current development trends, global cooperation models, foundational knowledge, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers in the field.

Human-Computer Interaction in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis with CiteSpace.

Studies on the application and exploration of human-computer interaction (HCI) technologies within the healthcare sector have rapidly expanded, showcasing the immense potential of HCI to enhance medical services, elevate patient experiences, and advance health management. Despite this proliferating interest, there is a notable shortage of comprehensive bibliometric analyses dedicated to the application of HCI in healthcare, which limits a thorough comprehension of the growth trends and future trajectories in this area. To bridge this gap, we employed bibliometric methods using the CiteSpace tool to systematically review and analyze the current state and trends of HCI research in healthcare. A meticulous topic search of Web of Science yielded 3598 papers published between 2004 and 2023. Through literature analysis, the most productive researchers, institutes, and countries/territories and the collaboration networks among authors and countries within the field were analyzed. Additionally, by conducting a co-citation analysis, journals and literature with high citation rates and influence within the academic community in this field were revealed. Through a cluster analysis based on literature co-citations and keyword burst analyses, we further explored the main research themes and hot topics within the fields of healthcare and HCI. In summary, through a comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analysis, this study provides a solid knowledge foundation for HCI in the healthcare research community, thereby fostering the development of innovative research and the optimization of practical applications in the field.

Using a flipped classroom teaching and learning approach to promote scientific literacy skill development and retention.

The development of scientific literacy (SL) skills is critical in the life sciences. A flipped classroom reverses traditional learning spaces such that foundational knowledge is acquired by students independently through recorded lectures and/or readings in advance of the lecture period and knowledge is consolidated through active learning activities in the classroom. A flipped classroom learning environment can promote critical skill development and knowledge application, and therefore, could enhance SL skill development. The objectives here were to (a) determine the effect of a flipped classroom learning environment on SL skill development in second-year kinesiology students enrolled in a research methods course and (b) reassess SL skills 4 months later. SL skills were assessed using the validated test of scientific literacy skills (TOSLS) questionnaire at the start and end of the semester (n = 57) and reassessed 4 months later after the summer semester break (n = 46). During the flipped classroom semester, practical SL skills (TOSLS scores) were increased by 16.3% and TOSLS scores were positively correlated with the students' final grade (r = 0.526, P < 0.001). Four months later, average TOSLS scores significantly decreased compared to the levels at the end of the flipped classroom learning experience. Importantly, retention of SL skills (i.e., 4 months later TOSLS scores) were related to learning approach scores and were positively correlated with deep learning approach scores (r = 0.298, P = 0.044) and negatively correlated with surface learning approach scores (r = -0.314, P = 0.034). Therefore, SL skill retention was higher in students utilizing a deep learning approach (e.g., engaged, self-regulation in learning, and seeking a deeper understanding of concepts) and lower in students utilizing a surface learning approach (e.g., limited engagement, rote memorization of concepts). Collectively, the results demonstrate the value of a flipped classroom in promoting SL skills while highlighting the role of students' learning approach in critical skill retention.

Cognitive digital twin in manufacturing process: integrating the knowledge graph for enhanced human-centric Industry 5.0

Industry 5.0 emphasises human-centric intelligent manufacturing, posing challenges in integrating human expertise with advanced machine capabilities. To address these challenges, a novel three-layer cognitive digital twin model based on knowledge graphs is proposed, designed to integrate workers’ knowledge and experience into intelligent manufacturing processes. This model comprises three layers: an ontology layer that constructs a foundational process knowledge ontology library; a knowledge layer that maps real-time data to dynamically update digital models; and a cognitive layer that utilises machine learning, knowledge reasoning, and knowledge mining for advanced analysis, state understanding, and model evolution. The model promotes user interaction through intuitive interfaces and a Q&A system, leveraging techniques such as knowledge reasoning and querying to support decision-making and enhance worker engagement. Validated through a system implemented for aero-engine blade production, this cognitive digital twin model leverages human expertise and machine capabilities to enhance process control, quality management, and overall efficiency. The proposed approach demonstrates significant potential for advancing personalised human-machine interaction in manufacturing, truly embodying the value of a human-centric approach and paving the way for future developments in the field.

Introduction To Basic Mathematical Concepts Through Learning Media

Understanding fundamental mathematical concepts is essential for developing students' logical reasoning, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. This study employs a literature review methodology to analyze foundational mathematical concepts—such as numbers, arithmetic operations, geometry, algebra, and statistics—and their impact on students' learning and cognitive development. The findings indicate that interactive tools, cultural contexts, and hands-on learning media significantly enhance students' comprehension and retention of these basic concepts. Studies reviewed include applications of traditional games, visual aids, and realistic mathematics approaches, which help bridge abstract concepts with everyday life, thus fostering a deeper, more applicable understanding of mathematics. This research provides insights for educators to utilize varied, engaging approaches that support students' foundational knowledge, encouraging better academic outcomes and practical skills. The findings suggest that contextual and interactive methods in early mathematics education are crucial for cultivating a robust foundation for further learning.

Surgical Treatment of Strabismus in Children With Developmental Delay: A Review of the Literature and Results of Personal Experience.

To review the current literature, to provide a foundation of knowledge on strabismus surgery in patients with developmental delay, and to present results from the authors' personal experience. The following terms were searched on PubMed: strabismus surgery, mental delay, developmental delay, Down syndrome, Angelman syndrome, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, Williams syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Surgical outcomes were analyzed and discussed; only English articles were included. Medical records of 183 patients with developmental delay who underwent strabismus correction surgery from 2001 to 2020 were examined and discussed. Articles were reviewed and analyzed, categorized based on the disease. The authors' experience included 183 patients with various diseases or syndromes: 44 Down syndrome, 40 fetal alcohol syndrome, 36 Williams syndrome, 9 fragile X syndrome, 12 Angel-man syndrome, 11 Cohen syndrome, and 31 cerebral palsy. Surgical results at 3 and 18 months of follow-up were analyzed. Regarding esotropia surgery, 83.9% had a deviation of less than 8 prism diopters at 3 months and 53.8% at 18 months of follow-up. Hypocorrection was seen in 7.7% and 3.5% and hypercorrection was observed in 8.4% and 52.7% at 3 and 18 months, respectively. For exotropia, 60% had a deviation of less than 8 prism diopters at 3 months and 22.5% at 18 months. Hypocorrection occurred in 35% and 75%, whereas hypercorrection was found in 5% and 2.5%, respectively. A higher prevalence of strabismus was found in these patients and the surgical outcomes were more difficult to predict. Patients with esotropia were more hypercorrected, whereas those with exotropia were more hyporcorrected. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.].

Cellular and molecular characterization of peripheral glia in the lung and other organs.

Peripheral glia are important regulators of diverse physiologic functions yet their molecular distinctions and locations in almost all visceral organs are not well-understood. We performed a systematic analysis of peripheral glia, focusing on the lung and leveraging single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to characterize their cellular and molecular features. Using in vivo lineage studies, we characterized the anatomic, cellular, and molecular features of the Sox10+ glial lineage of the mouse lung. Using high-resolution imaging, we quantified the distribution and cellular morphologies of myelinating, non-myelinating, satellite, and terminal glial cells with their intricate extensions along peripheral nerves, including terminals at specialized neurosensory structures within the lung. Spatial analysis of selectively expressed myelinating (periaxin/Prx, claudin 19/Cldn) or non-myelinating (sodium channel/Scn7a) glial cell genes identified by scRNA-seq analysis revealed molecularly distinct populations surrounding myelinated nerve fibers in the lung. To extend this analysis to primates and other organs, we extracted rare peripheral glial cells in whole organism scRNA-seq atlases of mouse lemur and human. Our cross-species data analysis and integration of scRNA-seq data of ~700 peripheral glial cells from mouse, mouse lemur, and human glial cells identified conserved gene expression of molecularly distinct peripheral glial cell populations. This foundational knowledge facilitates subsequent functional studies targeting molecularly distinct subsets of peripheral glia and integrating them into organ-specific disorders of autonomic dysregulation. In addition, our cross-species analysis identifying conserved gene expression patterns and glial networks in extrapulmonary organs provides a valuable resource for studying the functional role of peripheral glia in multiorgan human diseases.

Student Achievement of Course Learning Goals in an Asynchronous Distance Learning Course Redesigned using Fink's Taxonomy of Significant Learning

Fink’s Taxonomy of Significant Learning (FTSL) is an instructional strategy that provides an effective framework for (re)designing course learning experiences to achieve student-centered learning goals. Originally developed for in-person courses, little research exists around its application to effectively design distance learning (DL) courses. This study aims to evaluate if the DL community can also utilize FTSL as a strategy for supporting online learners toward achieving significant learning goals. To address this aim, an asynchronous DL general education course for undergraduates was redesigned by applying FTSL during the development of course learning goals, assessments, and learning activities. A deductive, manifest content analysis was conducted to measure achievement of course learning goals across all nine written course assessments (n=40 student participants). Then, learning frequencies were quantified for each category of significant learning. Study findings indicate most student participants engaged in learning experiences related to five of the six categories within Fink’s taxonomy several times throughout the semester, with higher frequencies of learning in categories for application, followed by the human dimension and foundational knowledge, then caring and integration. In conclusion, study findings support that applying FTSL during the course (re)design process also supports online learners toward achieving significant learning goals, with course assessments that include analysis, aesthetic learning, and self-reflection as useful exercises for achieving said goals. Future research can build on this study by evaluating if online learners that achieve significant learning goals also experience long-lasting change relevant to the learner’s life (i.e., engage in a significant learning experience).

Q4MRATools: Quantitative tools to microbial risk assessment.

In the context of the European Food Risk Assessment (EU-FORA) fellowship programme, the project 'Q4MRATools: Quantitative Tools to Microbial Risk Assessment' focused on training in predictive microbiology, experimental design and the use of advanced software tools like R, MATLAB, @Risk, DMFit and GInaFiT. The primary objective of this programme was to equip the fellow with foundational knowledge in quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA), thereby contributing to the development of more effective and accurate food safety risk assessments. This initiative was part of a broader effort to address the evolving challenges in food safety by enhancing collaborative actions and developing robust food safety systems. The fellow engaged in various risk assessment tasks, acquiring fundamental knowledge in predictive microbiology, particularly different modelling strategies for growth and inactivation models, as well as understanding the nuances of microbiological behaviour under different conditions and food matrixes environments. The training emphasised the importance of experimental design and the application of software tools essential for conducting QMRA. Secondary activities were also included to broaden the fellow's competencies, expanding their expertise beyond qualitative methods.

Gas-Liquid Separation of Liquid Hydrogen in Microgravity: Optimization of Structural Parameters, Angles, Rotational Speeds, and Gas-Liquid Ratios

Abstract Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is a high-efficiency cryogenic propellant extensively used in the aerospace industry due to its superior specific impulse and energy density. Despite its advantages, managing LH2 in orbit presents significant challenges, particularly in microgravity, where fluid transport and gas-liquid interface stability are adversely affected. This study addresses these challenges by investigating the effects of different structural parameters, angles, rotational speeds, and gas-liquid ratios on LH2 gas-liquid separation through comprehensive numerical simulations validations. We analyze the impacts of various pore diameters and axial spacings, as well as the evolution of gas-liquid configurations at different angles and rotational speeds. Additionally, we explore the effects of different gas-liquid ratios on separation performance. Our findings identify optimal parameter combinations and elucidate key mechanisms influencing gas-liquid separation efficiency. The study employs high-precision models and microgravity simulation experiments to validate the numerical results, providing a robust foundation for optimizing LH2 management devices. This research contributes valuable insights into the management of liquid hydrogen (LH2) in microgravity environments and provides foundational knowledge that may benefit future deep-space exploration missions.

Using simulation for cross-curricular integration of adverse childhood experiences knowledge in a baccalaureate nursing program

BackgroundAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are prevalent in the United States, significantly impacting public health and well-being. Despite calls for integrating ACEs education into nursing programs, limited evidence exists on effective methods. This study addresses this gap by employing didactic and simulation-based education to teach baccalaureate nursing students about ACEs and Trauma-Informed Care (TIC). MethodsThis longitudinal quasi-experimental study examined the impact of integrating ACEs education into theory and high-fidelity simulation experiences. Students progressed from foundational ACEs knowledge to advanced topics, engaging with simulated patients. ResultsSignificant improvements in ACEs knowledge were observed across various domains, including awareness and prevention, resilience, and informing policy. Self-assessment responses also indicated improved understanding. The study demonstrated the reliability of the survey instrument (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). ConclusionIntegrating ACEs education through didactic and simulation approaches in nursing education enhances students' knowledge and understanding of the adverse effects of childhood trauma.

Coexisting bacterial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase paralogs exhibit distinct phylogenetic backgrounds and functional compatibility with Escherichia coli.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are universally essential enzymes that synthesize aminoacyl-tRNA substrates for protein synthesis. Although most organisms require a single aaRS gene for each proteinogenic amino acid to translate their genetic information, numerous species encode multiple gene copies of an aaRS. Growing evidence indicates that organisms acquire extra aaRS genes to sustain or adapt to their unique lifestyle. However, predicting and defining the function of repeated aaRS genes remains challenging due to their potentially unique physiological role in the host organism and the inconsistent annotation of repeated aaRS genes in the literature. Here, we carried out comparative, phylogenetic, and functional studies to determine the activity of coexisting paralogs of tryptophanyl-, tyrosyl-, seryl-, and prolyl-tRNA synthetases encoded in several human pathogenic bacteria. Our analyses revealed that, with a few exceptions, repeated aaRSs involve paralogous genes with distinct phylogenetic backgrounds. Using a collection of Escherichia coli strains that enabled the facile characterization of aaRS activity in vivo, we found that, in almost all cases, one aaRS displayed transfer RNA (tRNA) aminoacylation activity, whereas the other was not compatible with E. coli. Together, this work illustrates the challenges of identifying, classifying, and predicting the function of aaRS paralogs and highlights the complexity of aaRS evolution. Moreover, these results provide new insights into the potential role of aaRS paralogs in the biology of several human pathogens and foundational knowledge for the investigation of the physiological role of repeated aaRS paralogs across bacteria.

Emerging trends in the evolution of neuropsychology and artificial intelligence: A comprehensive analysis

Neuropsychological evaluations are valuable in neurosurgery because they comprehensively evaluate cognitive, affective, and behavioral functioning to optimize patient outcomes. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into neuropsychology offers optimistic advances, with machine learning models assisting in classifying behavioral, cognitive, and functional impairments while minimizing the number of tests. AI-based approaches have demonstrated accurate classification outcomes, providing potential alternatives to time-consuming and non-ecological conventional evaluations. This research uses data from the Scopus database to examine the trends of neuropsychological-based AI in cognitive neuroscience, mental health, and neurodegenerative disorders. The study emphasized the potential of artificial intelligence in neuropsychology research and identified several research themes. The analysis of bibliometrics may efficiently assess the developments and impact of neuropsychology research, providing insights into academic output and predicting future trends. Future research should consider utilizing alternative databases, employing a multisource strategy, incorporating additional keywords, and building upon the foundational knowledge provided by this study. Despite its limitations, this study provides significant insights and paves the way for future neuropsychology-based artificial intelligence research. Furthermore, investigating significant topics and key issues in the neuropsychology and artificial intelligence debate adds new perspectives to the corpus of literature. This analysis can help identify gaps, controversies, and areas of future exploration within the field. The study also highlights the importance of learning and intelligent computation in neuropsychology, providing a conceptual methodology based on a comprehensive review of the most recent research.

Cobuilding patient and public capacity in knowledge synthesis: designed and delivered by patient and public partners for patient and public partners.

To describe the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Evidence Alliance's cocreation and evaluation of two capacity building courses on knowledge synthesis for patient and public partners. Two 3-week courses were collaboratively designed by, with, and for patient and public partners on engagement in knowledge synthesis. The first course, offered virtually in 2021, focused on patient and public engagement in systematic reviews and rapid reviews. The second course was offered virtually in 2022 with an expanded scope covering the most common type of knowledge synthesis (eg, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, scoping reviews, overview of reviews) under systematic, rapid, and living review contexts. A total of 46 patient and public learners were trained across the two courses. Learners represented 11 provinces and territories in Canada, with two-third of learners residing in Ontario across both years (2021: 39%; 2022: 35%). Weekly formative evaluations and a summative evaluation were conducted for both courses. The evaluations revealed that the majority of respondents agreed (2021: 91%; 2022: 88%) that they achieved their learning goals and that their overall learning experience was valuable (2021: 95%; 2022: 89%). The capacity-building courses in 2021 and 2022 successfully engaged 46 patient and public partners across Canada. As a result, these partners are now well-prepared to participate in knowledge synthesis activities. The positive experiences from respondents indicated successful and satisfactory experiences and that similar capacity building opportunities should be offered to continue to address research capacity gaps. In 2021 and 2022, the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Evidence Alliance adopted a cocreation approach to deliver two courses on patient and public engagement in knowledge synthesis for patient and public partners. These courses aimed to build confidence and provide foundational knowledge for patient and public partner engagement in knowledge synthesis. A total of 46 learners were trained across the two courses. Formal evaluations revealed that the courses were effective in meeting their learning goals. Feedback suggests a continued need and opportunity to offer similar courses designed by, with, and for patient and public partners.