Problem Of Formation Research Articles

Економічна безпека держави: сутність та актуальні загрози

To date, there is a constant increase in the number of researchers who study the problems of formation of the economic security of the State, as well as the number of scientific papers in this area. The results of the analysis of articles in the scientometric database Scopus by the keywords «economic security of the state» allowed us to conclude that the authors’ interest in this issue in general during 2010–2023. At the same time, since 2016, it has been constantly increasing over time, which is due to issues caused by socioeconomic factors, globalization processes, the consequences of the impact of COVID-19, the aggravation of geopolitical conflicts and the rapid development of technological progress. The article conducts a study of literary sources on the interpretation of the essence of the concept of «economic security of the State» and it is concluded that there is no single point of view among scientists on the definition of this economic category. A systematization of approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «economic security of the State» has been carried out and it has been noted that this is a complex multifactorial category that characterizes the national economy. Based on the conducted analysis of the value of the integral indicator of the level of economic security of Ukraine for 2010–2019, it is concluded that it ranged from 44% to 49%, and this corresponds to a dangerous level of economic security. The article considers the main components of the economic security of the State, which are interdependent. The analysis showed that there were positive changes in almost all sub-indices, and in 2021 only the demographic component remained in the danger zone, which indicates the presence of problems in this area. The key criteria for classifying threats to the economic security of the State, as well as the main range of threats that can have a high level of negative impact on its provision in today’s conditions, have been identified.

Методична робота як шлях розвитку професійної мобільності фахівців спеціальної освіти

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of professional mobility of special education specialists through methodical work. The essential characteristic of professional mobility as a significant integrative quality of a modern specialist is determined. Variants of mobility in the professional activity of special education specialists are described. It is substantiated that methodical work is a way of forming mobility in professional activity. The main tasks of methodical work in the direction of formation of professional mobility of special education specialists have been defined. The developed and tested forms of methodical work on the formation of mobility of specialists in the education of children with special needs are presented (training program, scientific and methodical seminar, training classes, practical seminar, self-education). The need for the development of personal qualities of a specialist for mobility in professional activity, in particular «soft skills», which is the basis for mobility, is determined. The need to increase the competence of specialists in the use of ICT in working with children with special educational needs for the development of mobility in the process of methodical work is substantiated. Self-education is defined as one of the ways to develop mobility, provided that it is implemented informally. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the formation of professional mobility of special education specialists in methodical work have been determined. It is concluded that methodological work as a way of forming the mobility of specialists involves the improvement of professional knowledge and skills, the development of personal qualities, «soft skills» of specialists for the quality education of children with special educational needs.

Development of the Common Law of England in the 12th – Beginning of the 13th Century and Pleas in a Cornish Justice in Eyre

The article is based on the research of the problem of formation and development of judicial legislation in the sphere of the early Common Law of England - with the involvement of materials, published by F.W. Maitland for Selden Society at the end of the 19th century, which represent claims to the visitorial Royal Court (or Justice in Eyre) in Cornwall in the third year of King John’s reign (1201); this might it possible to understand in what way grassroot claims from hundreds and manors spilled over into legal sphere of visitorial courts, which, as well as central ones, worked on the basis of «Coram Regis». A number of features of the gradual expansion of royal courts’ competence on the ground of Cornish claims, testifying not only of a number of cases in the sphere of everyday life, but also of socio-legal peculiarities, are shown. The presence of a constantly working Jury is one of the most important features, which is undeniable for a Cornish Justice in Eyre. Records, narrating about taking an oath by twelve «trustworthy people», conducting preliminary inquisition on every plea, presenting in the court every litigation case, listening to both plaintiffs and defendants, instructing clerks to write down their names as well as the names of pledges, testify to sufficient civility and the order of the procedure. Surely, it’s difficult yet to say about effectiveness of a new system of justice, including signs of the procedure reception by manorial and hundredth justice. Many features of legal development of the period will make up a further research perspective in the sphere of socio-legal daily life of medieval England.

Materials on the Historical and Statistical Description of the Orenburg Cossack Army as a Collection of Historical Sources for the Study of Acculturation Processes on the Southeastern Frontier of the Russian Empire

The article analyzes the historical sources collected in the Materials on the historical and statistical description of the Orenburg Cossack army. The four groups of source material identified by the author are extracts from the files of the military archive; legislative and regulatory legal acts; stories, travel notes and memoirs of Cossack officers; oral historical evidence — contains unique evidence of the imperial policy of acculturation in relation to the Orenburg Cossack army, occupying the frontier territory of the south-east of the Russian Empire and created by the government to protect this state border. The author comes to the conclusion that the historical sources presented in the Materials on the historical and statistical description of the Orenburg Cossack army reflect the confessional and ethnic processes in the army, the education of the Cossack spirit in military field conditions and in conditions of extreme captivity, allow us to understand the problem of formation among the Orenburg Cossacks and preservation of the Cossack identity.

Potential application of GBIF platform for flora inventory of Karaganda region

The current biodiversity inventory has important scientific and practical implications for the country. In Kazakhstan, data on the flora of spore and vascular plants are outdated; there is a significant gap in assessing the current species composition of certain regions of Kazakhstan, including Central Kazakhstan (Karaganda and Ulytau regions). The problems of formation of a modern flora abstract are determined by the need to use the entire volume of accumulated information, both for individual findings of naturalists and multi-year collections in domestic and international herbarium collections. When carrying out research to analyze the current state of the flora of Karaganda region, the GBIF platform resources containing information on the biological diversity of flora and fauna were used. Data analysis showed that the platform has more than 130 thousand records of vascular plant finds for the territory of Kazakhstan, including 2241 records for Karaganda region with geo-referencing. The main funds containing the largest number of collections made on the territory of our region were determined. The stages of data processing and geo-linking of herbarium collections are defined. In general, a high potential for supplementing field collections with GBIF data to clarify the distribution of individual taxa and make range maps was determined.

Розвиток громадянської компетентності здобувачів початкової освіти у процесі позакласної роботи з художніми творами

The article actualizes the problem of formation and development of civic competence in modern Ukrainian society. Its importance for educational institutions of different levels is determined; the necessity of working on this issue with primary school students is emphasized. The newest educational documents (the Concept of National and Patriotic Education, the State Standard of Primary Education, the Model Educational Program, the Concept of the New Ukrainian School) on the essence of civic competence, goals and objectives, mandatory learning outcomes for students in terms of civic competence are characterized. The potential of literature for children and youth as means of forming and developing the civic competence of primary school students is determined, the possibilities of its use in extracurricular activity on this issue are revealed. Based on the analysis of the latest publications, texts for children and youth that can be used by primary school teachers in extracurricular practice to develop civic competence in grade 4 are grouped. The system of tasks for the development of civic competence of primary school students (grade 4) in the process of extracurricular activity is presented. Іnformation about the approbation of the system of tasks in the process of pedagogical activity is provided.

Проблема формування професійних ідеалів старшокласників у історико-педагогічному контексті

The article deals with the problem of formation of professional ideals of senior pupils in the historical and pedagogical context. The conducted theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical studies testified that the attention of scientists is focused, first of all, on the study of changes that have taken place in the understanding of the essence of ideals, their significance in the development of the individual. We note that special attention is paid to the relevance, multi-value, multi-vector nature and importance of the formation of “ideals” both for society and for an individual. It is proven that ideals are differentiated depending on the object of reflection (humanistic, spiritual, moral, political, aesthetic, professional, scientific, and others) and the scale of the subject of its embodiment and realization (personal, group, national, universal ideals, and others). Professional ideals of an individual, according to this approach, are a component of a much broader concept – “social ideals”, which synthesize the image of the individual’s own perfected professional future, which determines for him the direction of his professional orientation activities. There are reasons to claim that any human activity can be idealized and presented in the form of a system of ideals, where the professional ideal of an individual serves as a model for achieving professional goals and determines the manner and character of a person’s professional behavior and activity. Such an approach reveals the essence of the ideas formed in society about a professional person, who is a model of professional excellence.

Stages and Pedagogical Conditions for Forming Performance Phrasing Skills of Future Musical Art Teachers in the Process of Teaching Playing Wind Instruments

The article presents the justification of the step-by-step methodology of forming future musical art teachers’ culture of performing phrasing in the process of learning to play wind instruments. The problem of formation of the specified professional quality, which is considered as a segment of performance training that ensures the quality of the artistic-figurative disclosure of the meaning of a musical work, has been actualized. The essence and component structure of the culture of performing phrasing, which is made up of certain relevant performing skills, and the criteria for their assessment make it possible to classify three levels of their formation: high – “meaningful expressive phrasing”, medium – “aspiration for expressive phrasing”, low – “weak perception of phrasing”. Three stages are presented, according to which the introduction of pedagogical conditions is carried out, each of which aims to positively influence the components of the culture of performing phrasing. At the first stage – motivational-setting – the pedagogical condition of stimulating a meaningful attitude towards the skills of performing phrasing is introduced, which affects the component: “motivation of artistic-technical excellence”. At the second stage – practice-oriented – such pedagogical condition is introduced as the purposeful assimilation of various forms and types of phrasing in the context of the evolution of styles and genres, which affects the component: “competence in working on the performing repertoire and musical texts of pieces”. At the third stage – self-methodological – the pedagogical condition of the activation of methodological self-efficacy in performing and educational processes is introduced, which affects the component: “artistic-communicative content of creative-performing and pedagogical interpretation of musical works for wind instruments (solo, ensemble)”.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НАВЫКОВ РАБОЧЕЙ СИЛЫ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ

The article is devoted to the problems of formation of technical skills of the workforce necessary for the development and large-scale spread of sustainable energy. The article discusses the current problems of the labor market in the sustainable energy sector, as well as innovative approaches to adult education. The paper proposes a model of a target program for professional development of employees in the sustainable energy sector. The proposed model is based on the use of various methods of blended learning in the context of employees acquiring practical skills necessary to work in the sustainable energy sector. The developed target program can be an important source of extra-budgetary financing for domestic educational organizations in the corporate training segment. At the same time, educational organizations will be able to form their own knowledge base in the field of sustainable energy

Дослідження мотивації підлітків до рухової активності

The study of the motivation of teenagers for physical activity is reflected in the National strategy for healthy physical activity in Ukraine for the period until 2025 "Physical activity – a healthy lifestyle – a healthy nation" one of the main problems of our time is raised – creatіng an opportunity for healthy physical activity and the involvement of young people to leading a healthy lifestyle. In the process of research, negative trends in the state of health of the population of Ukraine, as a result of socioeconomic problems and Russian aggression during martial law, state strategy in the field of education were taken into account. The article reveals the main problem of formation of motivation to engage in physical exercises, which are aimed at ensuring optimal motor activity of each person throughout life, including schoolchildren. The article highlights the problem of students' attitude to physical education and sports, the level of positive stable attitude, uncertain attitude, negative stable attitude is clarified. The types of motivations, internal and external, and their influence on the choice of types of motor activity and their use during physical education and sports are clarified. Described priority directions of the development of the modern system of physical education that affect the upbringing and development of the student's personality, increasing motivation for classes by means of new types of motor activity and constant changes. The presented problems are characterized by a number of contradictions between: − the need to motivate children and young people to engage in physical culture and sports in general secondary education institutions and the insufficient level of motivation among students for physical activity; − theneed to develop healthy lifestyle skills and the lack of motivational potential in adolescent students. The authors drew attention to the use of modern means of motor activity with students of teenage age in the conditions of martial law with the use of individual and differentiated approaches. The insufficiency of theoretical developments and methodical publications on the issues of formation of motivation for physical education among students determined the choice of the topic. The article highlights the impact on the motivation of students due to the use of various motor activities. The influence of various types of motor activity of students on the level of motivation for physical education and sports has been proven.

Theoretical Analysis of the Problem of Formation of Professional Readiness of Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to Perform Official Duties

The author considers in detail such aspects in his work, which are devoted to the system of psychological support in the learning process. The study of the influence of the mental health of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation on their work productivity and communication in the service team. The subject of the research in the presented work was the process of professional education and training for law enforcement officers in various conditions. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the formation of professional skills of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The object of the study was the professional skill formed by law enforcement officers in the process of performing official duties. The main conclusions of the study are the assumptions that the readiness of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is often formed under the influence of various factors, circumstances and conditions. As the main ones, the author identified such as the development of professional motivation, psychological readiness to work in conditions associated with increased loads and peculiarities of service, awareness of the value of human and citizen life, the formation of verbal and non-verbal communication culture, the formation of tolerance to stressful situations, the absence of excessive requirements. The work is based on the analysis of fundamental and modern research on this issue, processing and drafting of modern provisions for training law enforcement officers to perform official duties.

Об основных направлениях единой государственной денежно-кредитной политики на 2024 год и период 2025 и 2026 годов: мнение экспертов Финансового университета

The subject of the study is the tasks, principles, measures and tools, mechanism and factors of the implementation of the unified state monetary policy for the period 2024-2026, taking into account the current macro- and geo-economic situation. The purpose of the work is to identify the problems of formation and implementation of monetary policy in the medium term on the basis of expertise and analysis of the Main Directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2024 and the period 2025 and 2026. In order to successfully achieve the task of transforming the Russian economy. It is established that when targeting inflation as a monetary policy regime, factors such as the introduction of unprecedented sanctions against the Russian real and financial sectors, which had a significant negative impact on logistics and calculations, as well as restrictions and suspension of work in the Russian economy of a number of international companies, causing an increase in the value of the monetary contribution, should be taken into account. the contribution of policy to the economic development of Russia related to the process of structural restructuring of the economy, the activation of internal growth factors. Special attention is paid to the problems of modern principles of monetary policy and the effects of its transmission mechanism. The conclusions are drawn that the Main Directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2024 and the period of 2025 and 2026 established by the Bank of Russia deserve a positive assessment, taking into account the comments and recommendations formulated by experts of the Financial University.

Principles of environmental law in Russia

The article analyzes the provisions of domestic normative-legal base and legal doctrine on the content and meaning of the principles of modern environmental law of Russia. The author’s opinions and approaches to the doctrinal categories under consideration are studied, theoretical problems on the stated subject, and algorithms for their resolution in the foreseeable future are presented. The main purpose of the research is to accumulate the gained theoretical and empirical experience on the problems of formation of the system of principles of modern environmental law, to identify problematic issues and to develop measures to resolve them in the foreseeable future. The author analyzed the opinions and approaches of domestic and foreign authors, which made it possible to form a reasonable position on the stated subject. Theoretical significance of the research results consists in the possibility of their use in the course of further scientific developments on the issues of improving the system of principles of environmental law. Practical significance of the research results consists in the possibility of their use in legislative activities and in the development of educational and methodological literature on legal disciplines.

Analytical and numerical solutions of pore formation in elastic food materials during dehydration

In this paper, we describe a model for pore formation in food materials during drying. As a proxy for fruits and vegetables, we take a spherical hydrogel, with a stiff elastic skin, and a central cavity filled with air and water vapour. The model describes moisture transport coupled to large deformation mechanics. Both stress and chemical potential are derived from a free energy functional, following the framework developed by Suo and coworkers. We have compared Finite Volume and Finite Element implementations and analytical solutions with each other, and we show that they render similar solutions. The Finite Element solver has a larger range of numerical stability than the Finite Volume solver, and the analytical solution also has a limited range of validity. Since the Finite Element solver operates using the mathematically intricate weak form, we introduce the method in a tutorial manner for food scientists.Subsequently, we have explored the physics of the pore formation problem further with the Finite Element solver. We show that the presence of an elastic skin is a prerequisite for the growth of the central cavity. The elastic skin must have an elastic modulus of at least 10 times that of the hydrogel. An initial pore with 10% of the size of the gel can grow to 5 times its initial size. Such an increase in porosity has been reported in the literature on drying of vegetables, if a dense hard skin is formed, known as case hardening. We discuss that models as presented in this paper, where moisture transport is strongly coupled to large deformation mechanics, are required if one wants to describe pore/structure formation during drying and intensive heating (as baking and frying) of food materials from first principles.

A Fast RCS Analysis Method Based on Parallel Half-space MLFMA for Formation Problems

A Fast RCS Analysis Method Based on Parallel Half-space MLFMA for Formation Problems

Distributed Dynamic Event-Triggered Consensus Control for Multiagent Systems With Guaranteed Performance and Positive Inter-Event Times

This paper addresses the distributed consensus issue of linear multiagent systems (MASs) subject to disturbances. First, a fully distributed adaptive control law is established for each agent, removing the assumption that global information should be known prior. Additionally, unlike existing consensus studies, the restrictions on continual communication among agents and constant controller updates are eliminated through the designed state observers and event-triggered conditions (ETCs). Moreover, an innovative event-triggered condition (ETC) is created that, via the inclusion of a dynamic parameter, captures mixed triggering and time-varying thresholds as special cases. Particularly, distinct from some dwell time methods that enforce inter-event time (IET) greater than zero at the expense of asymptotic stability, positive inter-event times (IETs) and asymptotic stability can be guaranteed simultaneously by the suggested event-triggered conditions (ETCs) in the absence of disturbances. Furthermore, positive minimum inter-event times (MIETs) can be maintained even in the presence of disturbances, which indicates the robustness of the proposed event-triggered mechanism (ETM). It is shown that the suggested technique performs disturbances suppression for all agents in a completely distributed manner while omitting Zeno behavior. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates the suggested scheme’s efficacy. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —The multiagent consensus problem is considered in this paper, which can be applied to some practical systems, e.g., the unmanned aerial vehicles formation problems, as the control objective in these applications can be converted into the consensus problem of MASs. Different from existing results, a novel ETM is proposed, reducing agents’ communication and preventing continuous controller updates. In addition, disturbances widely exist in engineering. The proposed method ensures that the interval between two consecutive event triggers is greater than a small positive constant. Therefore, it is helpful for applying the proposed method in practical engineering. Finally, the established method is applied to a two-mass-spring control problem, and the effectiveness is illustrated. It is anticipated that the proposed approach can be extended to MASs with more realistic network-induced constraints and applied to more practical engineering systems.

Scatter search with stochastic beam search on the coalition formation problem

Scatter search with stochastic beam search on the coalition formation problem

Multi-objective machine cell formation by NSGA-II

Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA)-II is applied for multiple objective machine part cell formation problem. Minimization of cell load variation and minimization of total moves are considered as two conflicting objectives. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained for some test problems. Results are compared with those obtained by other methods. The comparison reveals that Pareto optimal fronts obtained are better than reported and reveal the strength of NSGA-II algorithm suited for integer multiple objective cell formation problems in Cellular Manufacturing Systems.

Global Consensus-Based Formation Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots With Time-Varying Delays and Without Velocity Measurements

We propose a solution to the full consensus-based formation problem for torque-controlled nonholonomic mobile robots under time-varying communication delays and without velocity measurements. Under the assumptions of static and undirected communication topologies, and smooth and bounded delays, we propose a distributed smooth, time-varying control law which achieves the goal of acquiring a global formation pattern in a common consensus point for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">both</i> position and orientation. The controller is a combination of a simple Proportional-Plus-Damping scheme and a simple globally exponentially convergent velocity observer. Consensus is reached independently of all initial conditions. Realistic simulations in the Gazebo-ROS environment illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the robustness with respect to measurement noise, non-smooth delays and uncertain dynamics.

‘Constants’ and ‘variables’ of digitalized education

Introduction. The article examines the problem of informatization of a globalized society. The purpose of the study is to summarize the ideas about the ‘constants’ and ‘variables’ of modern university education as a self–organizing system actively involved in the processes of digitalization. Materials and Methods. In order to achieve the research aim, a thematic review of Russian and international studies on the issues of informatization of a globalized society has been conducted. The study involved a comparison of alternative points of view reflected in the works by B. Readings, P. Cramer, etc. The analysis of existing theories of the information society has been carried out. Results. Reviewing the results of Russian and international studies has shown that the world picture today is structured predominantly by the modern media, while most globalizing trends are becoming less and less manageable. The history of philosophy frequently addresses the problem analysis of such paradigmatic shifts which arise implicitly and take shape in emergence. The article discloses the authors’ understanding of ‘constants’ and ‘variables’ in contemporary university education as a self-organizing system that is rapidly undergoing an intensive process of digitalization. A traditional European university typically demonstrates its ‘aura of age’. The questions are: ‘To what extent is the structure of consciousness influenced by the development of digital resources and by outsourcing the functions of academic word and of individual memory to external digital data media?’; ‘To what degree can production of university knowledge act as an intellectual practice and determine the independence of thinking?’ The problem of establishing the topic of academic engagement and interaction in online formats is considered to be debatable. The authors show that today individuals as subjects of cognitive activities find themselves in a situation where they face value choices, which, in their turn, determine the prospects and the potential of cultural development. Mnemonic operations are to longer perceived as the art of memory. This problem attains special significance during the process of building humanitarian education within the system of electronic communication. One cannot claim categorically that individuals cease to think structurally when they relay the function of storing information to digitized sign systems as a universal resource. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed the authors to conclude that the development of digital technologies as a means of fulfilling social interests means positioning the idea of ‘digital equality’ as the main social asset. This has stimulated establishing cardinally new directions in humanities research. At the same time, the need in relevant and timely connections between the concepts of infogenesis and semiosis is seen today as one of the most current issues in world paradigm problems.