Formation Of Innovation Policy Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА НА ИНОВАЦИИТЕ В ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯТА НА ПРИМЕРА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ

The article is devoted to the problem of the evaluation of innovations in enterprises in Bulgaria and its comparability with that of other European countries. In this connection, the conceptual-categorical apparatus, the used databases and the methodology of their collection and interpretation are discussed. Quantitative analyzes and assessments were carried out in compliance with the requirements of the methodological guidelines of the OECD and Eurostat of the "Frascati" family. Difficulties have been identified in more precisely comparing the evaluations of innovations in Bulgarian enterprises with those in other countries of the European Union, and the reasons for these difficulties have been established. Innovations in Bulgarian enterprises are characterized by different signs. For this purpose, a structural analysis and an analysis of the context were carried out. The obtained results give reason to determine important gaps in the formation of the national innovation policy. Among them is the failure to take into account globalization in the formation of a national environment for the market functioning of the economy, which is expressed in decreasing external and internal demand for new products produced in the country, imbalances in the financing of R&D, etc., which lead to a decrease in innovations in the Bulgarian enterprises. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are defined from the point of view of the formation of an innovation policy adequate to the new realities.

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

The article examines the preconditions for the aggravation of the energy danger for Ukraine and the world as a whole, in particular in the context of the strengthening of the economic crisis and war in Ukraine. The issue of compliance by energy organizations with the International Climate Paris Agreement and the achievement of the Global Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 were studied. The component indicators of the global index of energy innovations were analyzed. The main global energy indicators and their results in 2021 compared to 2020 were monitored. The paper also estimates domestic electricity consumption in the world by country in 2021, as well as trends in the growth of global energy consumption in general and by continent in 2021 compared to 2020. The result of such trends was that the consequences of sanitary measures and the economic crisis of 2020 was felt mainly in the sphere of services, transport and carbon-intensive electricity production. The authors considered the key changes in the field of energy in the world in 2021 compared to 2020 and the dynamics of CO2 emissions related to energy in the G20 countries in recent years and based on this justified the forecast of European gas prices and the price of Brent oil to 2026 year. The main characteristics of countries with a high index of global energy innovation were considered. It was found that, for example, the Norwegian government had developed a strategy for carbon capture and storage (CCS), which aimed to identify measures to promote technology development and reduce the costs of CCS. It was found that the main goal of the EU regarding the share of renewable energy sources is 32% of the final energy consumption by 2030. This target was not distributed among the Member States, but the share of renewable energy sources in the Member States should be at least the same as in 2020. In the article, the authors examined the stages of state regulation of the innovation policy of the energy sector of Ukraine and substantiated the place of the energy sector in the national innovation policy of Ukraine. Formation of innovation policy in the energy sector of Ukraine requires definition of the concept and strategic plans of its innovative development. In particular, it was found that one of these priority areas should be renewable energy (wind, solar, etc.). The result of the authors’ scientific research is that the innovative system of the energy sector is a fairly developed network intellectual structure that connects research and design organizations belonging to different sectors of the economy. Using the potential of the positive influence of a number of important global factors should be the basis of the transformation of innovative management of energy industry organizations in Ukraine.

ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ЗАСАДАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

The influence of innovation activity and activity on their economic security is studied. On the basis of a thorough analysis of scientific research, the components of the economic security of enterprises are grouped and the expediency of stimulating the innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises in order to ensure the economic security of enterprises and the national security of Ukraine on the basis of the formation of innovation policy at the level of the State and enterprises is indicated. It is noted that the introduction of innovations in business activities It is associated not only with scientific and technological progress and increased competition in many industries, but also with the economic and political situation in the country and ensures the economic security of enterprises. The necessity of formation of innovation policy of enterprises to ensure the economic security of enterprises and the level of their competitiveness is reflected. The existence of strategic challenges related to the formation of mechanisms for the implementation of innovative products, the involvement of domestic and foreign customers of scientific and technical products in the technological modernization of industry, which will ensure the economic security of enterprises on an innovative basis, has been proved. The main groups of reasons for the development of innovation policy and implementation of innovations and the risks that affect the economic security of enterprises are grouped. Keywords. Innovation policy, innovative products, economic and national security, risks, components, challenges, competitiveness, development.

ПРІОРИТЕТИ Й ЧИННИКИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ: ДОСВІД ОКРЕМИХ КРАЇН СХІДНОЇ АЗІЇ І СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ДЛЯ ПІСЛЯВОЄННОЇ ВІДБУДОВИ УКРАЇНИ

Післявоєнна відбудова України вже сьогодні вимагає вироблення відповідної стратегії соціально-економічного розвитку країни, тому особливо необхідною стає реалізація концепції інноваційного розвитку, що дасть можливість відбудувати українську економіку на новому технологічному рівні.У цьому контексті розглянуто основні напрями інноваційної політики в країнах, що здійснювали післявоєнну відбудову економіки (Японія), країнах Південно-Східної Азії, які пройшли шлях «наздоганяючого розвитку» (Сінгапур, Республіка Корея), а також у Китаї, який демонструє значні успіхи в модернізації економіки. Інноваційна політика в цих країнах включала: відповідну державну політику з виокремленням пріоритетів інноваційного розвитку; законодавче регулювання відносин у сфері інноваційної економіки; активне державне фінансування досліджень, розробок і освіти; цілеспрямоване формування і підвищення ефективності людського, інтелектуального і креативного капіталу; створення особливої інноваційної інфраструктури та інститутів підтримки інноваційного процесу; тощо. Важливу роль у цих процесах відіграли зовнішньоекономічні чинники – залучення багатонаціональних корпорацій, прямих іноземних інвестицій, використання зарубіжних технологій, ноу-хау та ін.На основі вивчення зарубіжного досвіду запропоновано деякі компоненти інноваційної політики, що можуть бути застосовані при формуванні інноваційної політики в Україні, зокрема: проведення комплексної стратегічно орієнтованої політики з визначенням пріоритетів інноваційного розвитку; пріоритетність фінансування R&D з боку держави, приватного бізнесу та інших недержавних структур; формування сприятливого бізнес-середовища; розвиток людського, інтелектуального, креативного капіталу. Перспективним є використання зовнішньоекономічних чинників, у першу чергу міжнародної науково-технічної кооперації, залучення філій високотехнологічних багатонаціональних корпорацій, формування міжнародних науково-технічних альянсів, включення в глобальні ланцюги створення вартості та ін.

THE IMPACT OF ACADEMIC CAPITALISM ON THE FORMATION OF INNOVATION POLICIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Innovation policy in the field of higher education and science is one of the main components of the state socio-economic policy of social development and is aimed at creating favorable conditions for the market launch of new ideas created in this sphere. The purpose of the study is to analyze the decisive influence of academic capitalism on the formation of innovation policy in higher education and science, contributing to the creation of an innovative environment for transformational change in this sphere. The methodology of the research is based on an objective standardized approach to the analysis of factual data on the development and implementation of innovation policy in higher education systems and leading universities of the world, the latest published results of experiments, materials of scientific literature on innovation policy and innovation management. Research results. The main directions of innovation policy of entrepreneurial university and innovation relations in the sphere of higher education and science are investigated. It is shown that innovative transformations in the sphere of higher education and science, as a rule, take place within the framework of the innovative policy determined by the leaders of this sphere. It is noted that innovation policy in higher education is a link between the policy of research and scientific (scientific and technical) activities, search and dissemination of knowledge, education and training of qualified specialists in the field of technological development, industrial policy and environmental policy. The authors studied the following: the types of activities promoted by innovation in higher education and innovative environment of this activity; the main directions and main components of innovative policy of entrepreneurial university; innovative relations in higher education and science; innovative environment; the importance of having the necessary competencies, their formation and development; internal and external sources of competencies for universities, etc. Practical implications. The authors suggest that innovation policy in higher education is a link between the policy of research and scientific (scientific and technical) activities; search and dissemination of knowledge; education and training of qualified specialists – on the one hand, and technological development; industrial policy and environmental policy – on the other. This can be used in the creation of the theory and practice of innovation policy development in higher education. The article as a whole is devoted to the further development of the theoretical foundations of higher education innovatics.

POLICY MAKING OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION

Introduction. The article considers the formation of innovative entrepreneurship policy and economic drivers in the context of sustainable development, risk management and global competition. Based on the study, a methodology for ensuring state regulation of the innovative entrepreneurship development was proposed. The aim of the study was to study the features of the formation of innovative entrepreneurship policy and economic drivers in the context of sustainable development, risk management and global competition. The results. The architectonics of the guidelines for the formation of innovation policy for the innovative entrepreneurship development of any state provides a complete reform of the tools of state regulation in the field of entrepreneurial activity. In particular, in the context of increasing globalization, innovative dominance of highly economic countries, innovation policy becomes a strategic weapon of recombination not only of competitive positions of business entities, but also ensuring national socio-economic development in the long and medium term. It is noted that the bases of methodology formation of state regulation maintenance by development of innovative business in the conditions of national economy transformation provide first of all definition of landmarks of innovation policy. According to this definition, it is necessary to take into account the past experience of the innovation system, due to the full and comprehensive orientation of the regulatory state to seek and stimulate impulses of technical, technological and socio-economic nature. The following guidelines are proposed within the theory of dynamic capabilities of the institutional environment and the accumulation of its adaptive abilities such as application of the tools of the theory of sustainable development, risk management, value-behavioral paradigm. Conclusions. It is determined that the condition for the methodology formation is the development of competencies and the definition of impulses within the temporal theory of the economic system transformation, which provides actualization of value orientations of perspective development; ability to form communications and joint search for solutions to the crisis; opportunities to identify market failures, threats and causes of inert business development; the ability to reconfigure the current potential and resource capabilities of the business environment. Keywords: innovation entrepreneurship policy, economic drivers, sustainable development, risk management, global competition.

Formation of innovation policy of the enterprise when entering international markets

Innovative processes are the foundation of the current method of management and a means of providing competitive advantages to individual enterprises (firms), industries, regions, countries. Strengthening the innovative orientation of the socio-economic formation of Ukraine seems to be a strategic task of the national financial policy, guidelines for the creation of a competitive state economy. A significant basis for the development of Ukraine’s competitive advantages in the international arena is the innovative activity of industrial production entities. The formation of innovative activities of current enterprises insists on the development of a fresh mechanism of interaction between producers and customers on the basis of coordination of their interests. Creators of innovative ideas and producers of innovative products (services) are obliged to anticipate the need for new goods, to encourage customers to use new technologies and new products in their activities. Therefore, the innovative activity of the enterprise as soon as possible must be used to use an effective tool – innovation management, which involves the use of tools, methods, technologies of management throughout the formation of innovation policy of the enterprise. The current circumstances of highly competitive markets necessitate the renewal and modernization of production technologies, development and production of new competitive products, the application of new approaches to management and organization of production, which can only guarantee investments aimed at innovation. Thus, the object of scientific research in the area of management of innovation investment processes is to identify more flexible opportunities for mobilization of financial resources and improve the mechanism of their direction to innovative development. Since the creation of innovation policy of the enterprise must focus on the market and the consumer, market research should be conducted, which should be preceded by a thorough study of the innovative product.

Инновационная политика Финляндии: социогуманитарные аспекты

Modern society faces large-scale challenges associated with the digitalization of economic and social processes, especially at its new stage – the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The point is that the use of AI entails great ethical risks, since creates an opportunity for non-observance of human rights to privacy. In Finland, a country that has been pursuing an innovation policy closely linked to socio-economic policies that responds to social challenges for several decades, this problem is widely discussed and strives to minimize and even eliminate the above risks in decisions on research and development (R&D) policy. Therefore, R&D in the field of AI technologies is carried out in Finland at the intersection of computer, mathematical and humanitarian sciences, since one of the most important issues of its application is the question of how moral and ethical its results will be. In this regard, the analysis and understanding of Finland’s experience in this area is important and necessary. Finland has traditionally in recent decades prioritized the humanitarian component in the formation of innovation policy. The technological component was viewed through the prism of social problems that should be resolved in the course of economic development, the main driver of which is innovation processes. This approach is determined by the country’s social development model. The openness of public administration, the high role of the country’s citizens in making the most important strategic decisions, the social responsibility of business, taking into account the opinion of the expert community leads to a balanced promotion of technologies in the economy. Of course, opportunities for innovative development “with a human face” from time to time run into economic constraints – which was clearly manifested, for example, during a pandemic. Nevertheless, when it comes to digitalization and the use of AI, the Finnish state and society continue to strive to ensure the presumption of morality and ethics in the implementation of these technologies. The country is conducting humanitarian and sociological research in this area, as well as developing mechanisms for managing the ethics and morality of AI. The country strives to become a leader not only in AI technologies, but also in developing the principles of preserving the humanitarian and moral values that Finland shares with Europe.

Forming of Innovative Resources in the Context of Ensuring Sustainable Development of Regions

The problem of the formation of innovative resources in the context of sustainable development of the Russian Federation regions is an actual area of research, since the scientific discussion has determined that it is advisable to include innovative and institutional factors in the sustainable development triad. The key components of sustainable development, ensuring economic growth in the era of the sixth technological order are clarified and described. It has been established that modern innovative transformation in the context of sustainable development implies the introduction of IT technologies with a high degree of robotization of the production process, as well as the enhancement of information transfer procedures and the use of a large flow of information. Pursuant to the results of the study of the theory of innovative development, as well as the analysis and assessment of the Russian experience of innovation activity and the formation of innovation policy, the architecture of the strategy for the region innovative development has been substantiated. Requirements for the current modern strategy of region innovative development for sustainable development are formulated

Technical and technological development: essence and trends under globalization conditions

Methods. The following general scientific methods were used in the research process: abstraction, systems and evolutionary approaches – while clarifying the essence of such categories as «technical-technological system» and «technical-technological development»; logical and comparative analysis – while identifying trends in technical and technological development in the context of globalization. Results. The specifics of the systems approach and methodology of evolutionary theory are analyzed. The essence of the «routine» category is studied and the possibility of applying the methodology of evolutionary theory for the analysis of technical and technological development patterns is proved. It is defined that the technical-technological system is a set of interconnected routine processes and actions that occur during the interaction of technics, technology and a human. It is proved that technical and technological development is a change in the characteristics of technics, technology and routine, accompanied by a technological gap. Evolutionary and revolutionary forms of technical and technological development are considered. The dynamics of relative indicators of R&D expenditures in GDP and exports of high-tech products to specific countries of the world are analyzed, trends of technical and technological development in the conditions of globalization are singled out. The need of technological modernization of the domestic economy is emphasized. Novelty. The definition of such categories as «technical-technological system» and «technicaltechnological development» are improved on the basis of systems and evolutionary approaches. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the public authorities` practice regarding the formation of innovation policy of a country.

DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT INTENSIFICATION OF THE UKRAINE ECONOMY

The essence of such concepts as innovation, innovative activity, innovative development and scientific potential of economic entities is outlined. The main forms and methods of innovation activity, criteria of its effectiveness, directions of realization of scientific potential, the most important aspects of the formation of innovation policy are described. The analysis of the factors restraining the development of innovative activity of enterprises is carried out, the assessment of the effectiveness of state support for companies creating and introducing innovations, developing scientific activities is made. The forms and methods of implementation of innovative projects are considered. The main methods of financial support for innovative activities are outlined. The directions of increasing the efficiency of innovative activities of companies are proposed.

THE FORMATION OF INNOVATION POLICY OF THE SEAPORT

Nowadays the economic development of countries is determined not by natural resources and industrial production, but by the aggregate ability of economic entities to implement new ideas to meet consumer demand for certain goods or services. Seaports are key points of foreign trade. The quality and volume of exports of transport services, the level of competitiveness of national goods on the world market depend on the efficiency of seaports. There is a question of the necessity to develop an innovation policy that will stimulate economic activity, increase competitiveness, encourage the implementation of innovations, and resolve emerging contradictions. In this article, the concept of "innovation policy" as a systematic approach to innovation in the enterprise was described. The main components of the enterprise innovation policy are considered in general and the seaport in particular. The main purpose of this work is to study the theoretical aspects of the innovation policy of the seaport, highlight the main stages of its formation and determine the method of attracting investment as an integral part of innovation development.The following stages of the formation of the innovation policy were defined: revealing the relevance of the formation of the innovation policy for the enterprise; evaluation of innovation potential (proposed system of indicators); the formation of strategy of innovative development of the enterprise (the concept of innovation strategy and its types are considered); development of the program of innovative activity; the creation of a system of evaluation of the innovation program (as the main way of efficiency of introduction of innovations in the enterprise. The classification of innovation strategies and a system of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the innovation potential of the enterprise are highlighted. The types of effect from the implementation of innovation policy are determined. We identified the relevance of the formation of innovation policy for seaports of Ukraine, ways to determine their innovation potential, as well as proposed a way to attract investment as an integral part of innovation. The most effective is the introduction of concessions (forms of public-private partnership - PPP), which will stimulate the development of innovation in ports. For the state, the concession is always an instrument of economic growth and increases the level of market competition, attracting management resources, the latest equipment, technology, and modern organization of production processes while reducing budget costs. The investor is also interested in the concession like in the possibility of risk sharing, guarantees of protection of the concessionaire's rights, the imposition on the state of obligations to facilitate the implementation of projects.The result of the implementation of innovation policy depends on taking into account the peculiarities of the state of the maritime trade enterprise. The analysis of the study showed that the application of innovations in domestic seaports is necessary and should be accompanied by attracting a significant amount of investment.

Theoretical Aspects of Future Teachers Intellectuality Development

The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems and prospects of the education system in the context of innovative development, as well as the intellectualism of future teachers. The authors of the article conducted a factor analysis of the ongoing reforms in the education system. The transition of the economy to the innovative way of development and the overall socio-economic situation in Kazakhstan and other countries requires a rethinking of some priorities prevailing in politics and focusing on building a new type of society based on the development and mutual integration of three main elements such as education, innovation, and research. These elements are impossible without intellectualism and critical thinking. The formation of innovation policy should contribute to the development of a set of measures in the system of higher professional pedagogical education that organize and stimulate innovative activities and promote the integration of education in the scientific and technical space. This integration process will serve as the basis for the formation of the strategy and tactics of innovative development based on intellectualism and critical thinking.

Actual Trends and Features of Organizational Models of Providing Innovative Development of Regions Application

The importance of the research, science and innovation as the key factors in prosperity is becoming increasingly relevant because humanity is on the verge of a new wave of transformational innovations, a new era in which digital technology is ever closer to the physical world. There is an urgent need to prioritize investments and to fill the gap with breakthrough innovations. It is important to formulate regulatory frameworks that will encourage, but not interfere innovation, and promote business innovation and business environments. A better understanding of the changes in the dynamics of science, research and innovation and their impact on the country will strengthen the response to a rapidly changing world, providing timely interference in the formation of innovation policy. The article presents the main features of nature of innovation changing: speed, complexity, concentration of benefits, consumers, costs. Identified and noted the most influential problems that hamper innovation development: hardware frameworks, blocked problems, inefficient multilevel governance. The advantages of introducing the concept of smart specialization in the regions are highlighted: the study of new market opportunities, the formation of easy knowledge sharing between different fields of knowledge, the use of appropriate diversity in the fields of knowledge, incentives for structural adjustment of the economy through the introduction of innovative practices in the economy and society. The innovation management model based on the interaction of Triple Helix, as synergy between all the innovation-related areas of social activity: research institutions, business, and government on regional level is presented. Social innovations as an instrument for implementing complex inter-sectorial interactions within the framework of strategies for sustainable development and economic growth of the region are noted.

BANKING INNOVATIONS: PERSPECTIVES AND THREATS OF ELECTRONIC BANKING SERVICES

Introduction. Nowadays, innovation is not the only economic phenomena, which affects the growth of productivity of factors of production, growth of volumes of production, structural changes, economic growth and national competitiveness, etc. Now innovations have become identified with development and improvement in all areas of the economy, including banking business. The purpose of the article is to disclose the concept of “banking innovations” and then to study the current state of electronic banking innovations in Ukraine, to identify the main threats, which influence the development of innovations in the domestic banking system, and determine the prospects for the development of banking innovations. Results. The article defines the notion of “banking innovations”. The current state of electronic banking innovations and the influence of the Internet development on the banking services are considered. The essence of Internet banking is also revealed and its distribution in Ukraine and in Europe is analyzed. In addition, the article presents the main threats affecting the development of innovations in the banking system of Ukraine, and specifies incident cases and their consequences in Ukraine and in the world. The prospects for the development of banking innovations are considered, the most promising banking innovations that could be launched in Ukraine were proposed. Conclusions. In general banking innovations in Ukraine are not independent development of truly innovative and unique products, services or technologies at the world level. It`s noticeable that there is development in the field of electronic banking services. The undisputed leader in the implementation of innovation at all levels of its own activities is the PJSC PrivatBank. There are highlight key areas for improving innovation in the banking system of Ukraine, such as: the formation of innovation policy, the development of distance servicing, and improvement customer service. In addition, with the development of technologies, new threats to innovation in the banking system are emerging. So there should be given a lot of attention in order to be in demand and banking institutions need to keep pace with global innovation and trends.

Використання системи моніторингу при формуванні інноваційної політики підприємства

Використання системи моніторингу при формуванні інноваційної політики підприємства

Discipline “Information Management” in the System of Economic Education

The level of development of the information system in organizations, the complexity management of information systems leads to the need for the introduction of specialized information management. Until now, specialists often use not only different terminology, but also interpret the tasks of information management and their methodology differently. All this determines the relevance of the task of establishing generalized terminology
 As “information management” we will understand the whole complex of issues related to the management of information systems of various areas and levels.
 The list of tasks of information management is: 1 ) formation of the technological environment of information system; 2) development and maintenance of information system; 3) planning in the environment of information system; 4) formation of organizational structure of information system; 5) use and operation of information System; 6) formation of innovation policy; 7) human resources management in the field of information system; 8) management of finance in the field of information system.
 One of the problems of information management is the problem of economic efficiency and finance information system. The simplest method in this case is the use of a static evaluation of the economic efficiency of information systems. In this case, it is considered the economy of working time, the wage fund, the reduction of total production costs associated with the reduction of errors in the processing of information. The economic effect of information system implementation is estimated over a short period of time (often a year). Let’s determine the main drawbacks of the static method:
 
 the assessment of the economic effect is most often carried out indirectly, by comparison with the indicators of the implementation of similar information system;
 the system stoppages and the “price” of these stoppsages are not taken into account;
 the time of Information System creation and implementation are not taken into account in any way;
 cash flows are not brought to a comparable level;
 no risks, directly or indirectly, are taken into account.
 
 Taking into account the above, it is necessary to switch to more sophisticated methods for assessing information projects that require relevant specialists in the field of information management. Information management becomes the basic technology of organization control activity in all spheres of functioning of the information society In the light of the above, in the system of modern higher education, attention should be paid to acquiring knowledge and skills of students in ensuring the management of IP and resources.
 Thus, the teaching of the discipline “Information management” is important in the process of formation of the education system, since the content of this discipline reflects the trends in the management system of organizations, production and should cover the problems of information provision in various fields of human activity

THE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Urgency of the research. Ensuring the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in Ukraine requires the formation of innovation policy with current trends. Use and commercialization of research results is a prerequisite to market new products and services that will increase the level of innovation activity of industrial enterprises and enhance their competitiveness. Target setting. The current market environment requires activation of innovation as the most productive way to improve the country's competitiveness and its further development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Problems enhance innovation received broad enough coverage in the foreign and domestic literature. In foreign labor is I. Blanca L. Vodacheka, J. Schumpeter and others. In domestic – developments V. Heytsya, J. Bazhala, V. Denisyuk, D. Malitskoho, V. Soloviev, L. Fedulova more. The research objective. To analyze the current state and dynamics of innovative development of industrial enterprises of Ukraine and to propose measures that will improve the efficiency of their innovation. The statement of basic materials. The article stated that Ukraine's economy is not very favorable for implementation of scientific and technological innovation due to lack of funding. Therefore, the state and government is the revitalization of innovation. Conclusions. Innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine in recent years did not factor in the effective restructuring and growth. The strategic task of the Ukrainian economy should be the use of innovative technologies as the only possible way to compete successfully entities.

Сравнительная характеристика становления инновационной политики США и Японии

Інноваційний складник ‑ це основа сучасного розвитку бізнесу, незалежно від того, до якої галузі цей бізнес належить, хто його господар, яка структура його капіталу. Виклики сучасного соціуму змушують активізувати зусилля країн, що розвиваються, у напрямку розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури, яка б дозволила зробити якісний ривок у розвитку промисловості та економіки. Саме ці виклики зумовили актуальність обраного дослідження. Становлення і розвиток інноваційної політики в економіках, що розвиваються, ‑ актуальне завдання останніх досліджень багатьох авторів. Виявлення загальних тенденцій розвитку провідних країн дозволить виробити спільну стратегію для країн, що розвиваються, у подальшому становленні їх інноваційної політики.
 Метою написання статті стало проведення аналізу становлення інноваційної політики в провідних країнах світу, таких як США і Японія, для виявлення особливостей цих країн, спільних рис і відмінностей. Під час дослідження застосовано методи порівняння, узагальнення, абстрагування, аналіз, елементи системного аналізу, елементи алгоритмізації та моделювання.
 У результаті дослідження було виявлено особливості становлення і розвитку інноваційної політики США і Японії, при цьому одержано такі висновки:
 1. Розвиток інноваційної політики держави зростає в тому випадку, коли координацію і ключове фінансування здійснює держава, а також місцеві органи управління.
 2. Найбільший ефект у розвитку інноваційної діяльності для країни з перехідною економікою можна спостерігати, в році обирання «селективних» напрямів розвитку.
 3. Створення регіональних технопарків відбувається з урахуванням історично сформованих регіональних можливостей і напрямів.
 4. Затвердження законодавчої бази в країні, яка повинна всебічно підтримувати (на всіх рівнях) інноваційне підприємництво.
 5. Формування системи приватних (венчурних) фондів, регульованих державними програмами за прерогативними напрямами.
 На сучасному етапі розвитку світової економіки тільки інноваційна політика зумовлює вектор розвитку держави. Це підтверджує досвід таких провідних держав, як США і Японія. У результаті узагальнення досвіду становлення інноваційної політики цих країн було виявлено основні тенденції розвитку, які можна застосовувати в інших країнах, що розвиваються, із урахуванням їх національних особливостей. Усі виявлені чинники позитивно впливають на збільшення прогресивних показників економіки, добробуту суспільства та активності інтеграції на міжнародному рівні.
 Новизна роботи полягає в тому, що вперше було проаналізовано становлення інноваційної політики в США і Японії для виявлення загальних рис і відмінностей у розвитку інноваційної політики, а також зроблено спробу отримання схеми створення базової структури, що дозволяє розробляти і впроваджувати інновації.
 Отримані результати можуть бути застосовані для подальшої систематизації інформації щодо розвитку інноваційної політики для формулювання універсальної моделі.
 Рис. 1. Табл. 3. Бібл. 11.

Systems of innovation: theory and policy for the demand side

As an emerging current of thought in the economics of innovation, systems of innovation (SI) theorizing offers a non-linear perspective that is highly relevant to the formation of innovation policy. SI approaches are particularly appropriate to understanding the use of “demand side” policy instruments such as public technology procurement. In this article, we briefly summarize some general characteristics of SI approaches and relate them to broader theoretical developments in the economics of innovation. We explore one of the main characteristics of systems-oriented approaches to the study of innovation: the emphasis on interdependency and interactive learning. A number of theoretical antecedents to SI approaches are examined, and their main insights regarding the innovative role played by the demand side are elaborated. On this basis, some elements of a general policy perspective are identified.