THE FORMATION OF INNOVATION POLICY OF THE SEAPORT

Abstract

Nowadays the economic development of countries is determined not by natural resources and industrial production, but by the aggregate ability of economic entities to implement new ideas to meet consumer demand for certain goods or services. Seaports are key points of foreign trade. The quality and volume of exports of transport services, the level of competitiveness of national goods on the world market depend on the efficiency of seaports. There is a question of the necessity to develop an innovation policy that will stimulate economic activity, increase competitiveness, encourage the implementation of innovations, and resolve emerging contradictions. In this article, the concept of "innovation policy" as a systematic approach to innovation in the enterprise was described. The main components of the enterprise innovation policy are considered in general and the seaport in particular. The main purpose of this work is to study the theoretical aspects of the innovation policy of the seaport, highlight the main stages of its formation and determine the method of attracting investment as an integral part of innovation development.The following stages of the formation of the innovation policy were defined: revealing the relevance of the formation of the innovation policy for the enterprise; evaluation of innovation potential (proposed system of indicators); the formation of strategy of innovative development of the enterprise (the concept of innovation strategy and its types are considered); development of the program of innovative activity; the creation of a system of evaluation of the innovation program (as the main way of efficiency of introduction of innovations in the enterprise. The classification of innovation strategies and a system of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the innovation potential of the enterprise are highlighted. The types of effect from the implementation of innovation policy are determined. We identified the relevance of the formation of innovation policy for seaports of Ukraine, ways to determine their innovation potential, as well as proposed a way to attract investment as an integral part of innovation. The most effective is the introduction of concessions (forms of public-private partnership - PPP), which will stimulate the development of innovation in ports. For the state, the concession is always an instrument of economic growth and increases the level of market competition, attracting management resources, the latest equipment, technology, and modern organization of production processes while reducing budget costs. The investor is also interested in the concession like in the possibility of risk sharing, guarantees of protection of the concessionaire's rights, the imposition on the state of obligations to facilitate the implementation of projects.The result of the implementation of innovation policy depends on taking into account the peculiarities of the state of the maritime trade enterprise. The analysis of the study showed that the application of innovations in domestic seaports is necessary and should be accompanied by attracting a significant amount of investment.