Formal Requirements Research Articles

Попытка реализации проекта «новый советский человек» в контексте региональных потребностей. На материале политпросвета Ставропольского округа в 1924–1925 гг.

The article deals with the process of party and state leadership in the area of cultural and educational work on the local level due to the strategic goal – upbringing «a new man» for communist future. It was revealed that in the process of implementing this goal in the regions, the task of matching the actions of local authorities with the formal requirements of the Center was brought to the fore and at the same time the issues that arose from the needs of the local community were resolved. Those were the difficulties of financial support, human resources at cultural and educational organizations and their work as well. The authors make the reconstruction of the main directions of cultural and educational work: schools, reading rooms, rural clubs, clubs, museums, libraries as the means for enlightenment and ideological and political influence on the adult, capable of functioning population of the country. On the local level the aim of the formation a “new man” was brought to a certain social practice, which was not always accepted with joy by the local population. On the one hand, it was an attempt to overcome the political ignorance of people, especially in the countryside, and on the other hand, all political and educational activities were seen as a means of attracting local residents to active social work. To a certain extent, it solved the problem linear personnel and fostered loyalty to the Soviet authority. The authors pay great attention to the elimination of illiteracy, which faced with the passivity of the population in the middle of 1920s. In the work, a great place is given to the financing all these activities, which was shifted to the regional budgets. In Stavropol, they were enhanced by the poverty of the district budget, the remoteness of the district from the Center and the relatively late final establishment of Soviet power in the region.

A dokumentumfilm-tervek piaci követelményeiről és ezek átalakulásáról – első rész

The international market of the documentary projects – the so called “pitching forums” – was formed about 30 years ago at the International Documentary Forum Amsterdam (IDFA) film festival. There the commissioning editors of different documentary TV slots could pre-buy the films at the level of project. Many documentaries could be made thanks to those pre-buys. After a while, many similar financing forums were formed in different countries, connected to different festivals, and they continue to play an important role regarding the documentary productions, although, due to the decreasing number of the documentary TV slots, it is more and more difficult to get financing at such forums. But they started to play an important role in the distribution of the films. Those who are not promoting their film at the level of project, have difficulties in the distribution of the completed film. This study is based on the personal experience of the author, who as film director and producer participated at preparation classes for different pitching forums, so he could observe not only the development of his projects, but also of the projects of the other participants. This study is also about the formal requirements of the documentary film projects presented at such pitching forums.

Museum “Rifle and Guitar” in the service of school education

Below is an article by Mikhail Mikhailov, the ideological inspirer, author and head of the school military-historical and literary-musical museum “Rifle and Guitar”, solemnly opened on November 25, 2022, at school No 1515 in Moscow. We have taken the liberty of writing this short preliminary text to warn the reader that the published material does not fully meet the formal requirements for academic work, but at the same time it is a valuable source demonstrating new directions in the development of school museums — the largest group of museums in Russia. The fact is that the Museum “Rifle and Guitar” is significantly different from many other military-historical or literary institutions of this kind: the author naturallyn positions the museum of military bard song as an organic representative of both of these profiles. In addition, a specific function lies in the fact that the creative cultural heritage born in the Soviet-Afghan war (1979–1989), which is little talked about in society, is being transformed into a museum filed. However, the author perfectly illustrates the phenomenon that served as an incentive for the creation of the museum: the bard song of “Afghan” deservedly became one of the main instruments of “people’s memory” about the “last war of the great power”, and its authors, performers, publishers and curators are among the creators and frequent museum guests. Thus, we can talk about a special, ecological mission that the museum carries: the intangible objects of the historical and cultural environment are preserved and actualized with the help of its direct bearers, not only issues related to school education and upbringing are resolved, but also the urgent social problems of the society’s reconciliation with an “unpopular” war.

The Notary's Liability Against the Cancellation of the Will by the Court which is detrimental to the Heirs

<em>A will is one method of inheritance. In the Civil Code Article 875, a will is a deed containing a statement by somebody about what he wants to occur after he dies and could be revoked. Giving will be given at a time when the giver will still be alive , but implementation will be done at the time the giver will die. The deed will be authentic . A Notary Public is an office general or office given public authority by the state to make deeds authentic . A Notary Public must make it good and true . If somebody feels harmed by the deed of a will made by a notary , then he could submit a lawsuit to the notary. A deed made by a notary could be null and void or revoked by a decision court if the material and formal requirements are not fulfilled . If revoked by a court decision, they lose their legal force, and if revoked by the parties involved, the deed becomes null and void. If you're a Notary Public, To make an error in making a deed so could bring penalty good in the form of penalty civil , sanctions administrative , sanction code ethics, even penalty criminal.</em>

Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 16 marca 2022 r. I NSP 29/22

The glossed provision concerns the constitutive requirement of a formal complaint against excessive length of proceedings within the meaning of the Act of June 17, 2004 on a complaint for violation of a party’s right to hear a case in preparatory proceedings conducted or supervised by a prosecutor and in court proceedings without undue delay (hereinafter: the Act of June 17, 2004), which is the obligation to cite the circumstances justifying the request for a determination of excessive length in the case to which the complaint relates (Article 6 (2) (2) of the Act of June 17, 2004). Key words: complaint about excessive length of proceedings, formal requirements of a complaint about excessive length of proceedings

Juridical Review of Cancellation of Notary Deed

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors causing the cancellation of a notary deed and to know the responsibilities of a notary on the cancellation of the deed. The research method uses descriptive methods to explain, describe, and describe in accordance with the problems that are closely related to this research, and comparative methods to find similarities and differences of opinion by experts to be used as a comparison. The results of the factors that cause the notary deed to be canceled, namely when the notary is proven to have committed a violation such as an unlawful act, for example in the making of a deed there is an element of coercion from the notary for one party to sign the deed, not reading the deed before the parties and other deed-making formal requirements are violated. by a notary. If it is proven, the notary must provide compensation to interested parties or who feel aggrieved for the deed made by the notary and the notary's responsibility for the canceled deed if one of the parties has defaulted and the notary has fulfilled the formal requirements for making the deed, the notary is not responsible or cannot be charged for the cancellation of the deed. But if the deed is canceled by the judiciary due to the negligence of the notary, then there are two sanctions that can be imposed on the notary, namely criminal sanctions and civil sanctions. Criminal sanctions are not regulated in the Notary Position Act, so that if there is a criminal violation such as the parties providing false information and the notary because of his negligence in pouring the false information into the deed, the notary can be subject to criminal sanctions contained in the Criminal Code. While civil sanctions that can be imposed on a notary is to compensate the parties who feel aggrieved by the deed he made. Compensation that can be borne by a notary in the form of material compensation or real and immaterial compensation or no compensation.

Особенности предоставления финансовой поддержки субъектам малого бизнеса рыбной отрасли с использованием продукционной модели базы знаний

The article highlights the procedure of selecting applications for state financial support for small businesses in the fishing industry. Criteria for expert evaluation of applications have been defined taking into account industry specifics and including the following blocks: “Compliance with formal requirements”, “Type of activity”, “Justification of the requested funding”, “Socio-economic contribution to the region”. The principles of developing the evaluation criteria are generalized. The examination procedure algorithm taking into account the observance of formal requirements at the first stage of the expertise has been worked out. The algorithm provides for the functionality of clarifying the type of activity and conducting assessment according to the relevant criteria. Aggregated indicators of expert assessments reduced to a linguistic description “high”, “medium”, “low” are obtained. The system of trapezoidal membership functions on the 01-carrier (five-factor 01-classifier) is illustrated. The applicability of fuzzy logic tools for the tasks of multi-criteria assessment and management decision-making is substantiated. A base of rules for fuzzy production has been developed, consisting of 9 rules and a set of management decisions on financial support. The implementation of the decision-making procedure as a fuzzy production model built on using FuzzyLogicToolbox is shown. The conclusion about the possibility of using the results in the design of intelligent decision support systems in the field of financing small and medium-sized businesses in the fishing industry is made. It has been stated that the fuzzy production system and the expert evaluation algorithm can be projected onto other branches of the national economy as a result of the configuration of the constituent elements.

PENERAPAN PERATURAN KEPALA KEPOLISIAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA PADA PENANGANAN PIDANA LAKA LANTAS DI POLRES KEDIRI

The results showed that the handling of traffic accidents at the Kediri Police included several methods, namely P21, diversion, SP3 77, SP3 RJ, ADR and overflow pom. Where SP3 RJ is the most preferred choice in handling traffic accidents at the Kediri Police. Especially after the issuance of PERKAP Number 6 of 2019 and PERPOL Number 8 of 2021 concerning Handling of Crimes Based on Restorative Justice. Regarding the supporting and inhibiting factors in handling accidents at the Kediri Police, the characteristics of the people of Kediri are generally still good, but in certain groups there has been a shift in values, from discipline to lack of discipline, from being responsible to being hands off, from the beginning upholding a sense of humanity turned to be less human, and so on. Meanwhile, regarding the implementation of PERKAP No. 6 of 2019 in handling traffic accidents at the Kediri Police carried out according to the formal and material requirements in the regulation, for and for justice.

KEKUATAN AKTA PERDAMAIAN DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM OLEH PENYIDIK WILAYAH POLRES KEDIRI KOTA

The position of the peace deed in the settlement of restoratif justice cases in criminal cases is a formal requirement for the acceptance of a peace. The strength of this peace deed is that a case can be carried out by SP3 because there is not enough evidence. This is because this peace deed has consequences for the revocation of witness statements and results in reduced evidence, namely the testimony of victim witnesses. Meanwhile, regarding practice in the realm of criminal case trials, the existence of a peace deed, the judge can decide that the unlawful nature of the case being litigated has been eliminated with the consideration that with the existence of peace, the social inequalities resulting from the crime have been recovered. The legal rule of this decision is that the reconciliation stated in the deed of reconciliation between the perpetrator and the victim can be used as the basis for the abolition of the sentence, which turns out to be followed by another court decision so that it is qualified as jurisprudence.

The Role of Working Bodies of Parliaments in Legislative Procedures

The demand for rationalization of the work of parliaments and their greater efficiency leads to an increased activity of their working bodies. In the modern world, the task and the role of the working bodies of parliament (committees and commissions) in the legislative procedure is very important. As part of the structure of the modern parliaments, the working bodies are competent to carry out procedures that precede the enactment of the submitted legislative proposal (bill). The work of the working bodies (committees and commissions) in the legislative procedure covers the review of the proposed law and its amendments from the aspect of their purposefulness and from the aspect of fulfilling the formal requirements that the bill should fulfil, giving opinions and suggestions about the proposed solutions in the legislative proposal, and submission of amendments in order to improve the legal text. This paper will elaborate on the position and role of the working bodies in the legislative process in the USA, the United Kingdom and Switzerland. A special review will be given to the types of working bodies involved in the legislative process in the parliaments of the aforementioned countries, their manner of work and their influence in the improvement of the bill.

Experienced and Novice L2 Raters’ Cognitive Processes while Rating Integrated and Independent Writing Tasks

Background. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the personal attributes of raters which determine the quality of cognitive processes involved in their rating writing practice.
 Purpose. Accordingly, this research attempted to explore how the rating experience of L2 raters might affect their rating of integrated and independent writing tasks.
 Methods. To pursue this aim, 13 experienced and 14 novice Iranian raters were selected through criterion sampling. After attending a training course on rating writing tasks, both groups produced introspective verbal protocols while they were rating integrated and independent writing tasks which were produced by an Iranian EFL learner. The verbal protocols were recorded and transcribed, and their content was analyzed by the researchers.
 Results. The six extracted major themes from the content analysis included content, formal requirement, general linguistic range, language use, mechanics of writing, and organization. The results indicated that the type of writing task (integrated vs. independent) is a determining factor for the number of references experienced and novice raters made to the TOEFL-iBT rating rubric. Further, the raters’ rating experience determined the proportions of references they made. Yet, the proportional differences observed between experienced and novice raters in their references were statistically significant only in terms of language use, mechanics of writing, organization, and the total.
 Conclusion. The variations in L2 raters’ rating performance on integrated and independent writing tasks emphasize the urgency of professional training to use and interpret the components of various rating writing scales by both experienced and novice raters.
 nced and novice raters.

Okul Binalarının Aydınlatılmasında Günışığını Taşıyan Sistemlerin İncelenmesi

This study aims to examine the performance levels of the methods that maximize the effective use of daylight by using intelligent lighting control systems in schools. As is known, in general, daylight is an indispensable element of the ecological cycle as a natural light source. The concept of daylight with people and structures within the framework of the study and the relationship of these formal functions, with an emphasis on the effective use of intelligent lighting control systems in schools and the use of light to enhance the performance of the methods by raising a clearer grasp and use in the field to add to the evolving system of methods and principles were elaborated. In this formal integrity, the benefits and requirements of these system functions have been emphasized by approaching the issue from the point of view of the system that carries daylight in schools with these intelligent lighting control systems. Key Words: School, Daylight, Lighting, Carrier Systems

TOE framework in risk management during implementation of the Croatian national Port Community System

The subject of this paper is use of Technological-Organisational-External (TOE) framework during implementation of the Croatian national Port Community System between 2018. and 2022. Main research hypothesis is that TOE framework is a suitable, yet generally unrecognized abstract model for project risk mitigation during development of complex maritime cargo single windows systems. Formal development requirements along with the main stakeholders and their internal systems are identified. Project risk is mapped to the framework’s criteria, its execution and main milestones are identified and discussed, including risk occurrences during project execution, leading to confirmation of the work hypothesis. As a conclusion, improvements to the methodology are proposed, along with possibilities of the future research.

Reassessing Constructions in the ARTEMIS Parser

The aim of this study is to reexamine the status of constructions in ARTEMIS (Automatically Representing TExt Meaning via an Interlingua-based System), a Natural Language Understanding prototype that seeks to provide the syntactic and semantic structure of a given fragment in a natural language. The architecture of ARTEMIS has been designed to conform to the tenets of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM), a theory in which constructions are a central tool for the linguistic description of languages. However, since ARTEMIS is a computational device, there are many formalization requirements which involve the adaptation of the LCM, a process which necessarily leads to reconsidering several issues, as are: (i) what counts as a constructional structure; (ii) how constructions contribute to parsing operations in ARTEMIS; and (iii) the location and the format of constructional patterns.

Matchmaking under uncertainty: how hiring criteria and requirements in professional work are co-created

PurposeThe aim of the study is to understand how the hiring process develops in cases where there are no explicit or formal requirements. How do implicit and informal criteria and requirements impact the process of selecting the right candidate?Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was employed through the use of semi-structured interviews with 47 external recruitment consultants in the south of England.FindingsIn contrast to what is assumed in mainstream Human Resource Management literature, employers do not rely on a comprehensive implicit understanding of what is needed in cases where there are no explicit criteria and requirements. Instead, high uncertainty makes the development of criteria and requirements incremental and negotiable but also problematic. The analysis shows that three mechanisms compensate for the lack of certainty in the hiring process. First, interviews with applicants shape how the hiring criteria develop. Second, market signals of what is available in the labour market help construct the criteria and requirements. Third, criteria and requirements are interpreted and negotiated during interactions with recruiters and others.Originality/valueHiring without explicit requirements and criteria is often understood as rather unproblematic and/or not fundamentally distinct from hiring with them. The study shows that in these cases the process becomes more unpredictable and more open to interpretation and negotiation.

Systematic, sporadic, learning components, comprehensibility, linguistic stimulus, learning process.

Court decisions related to PPAT as co-defendants are the Siak Sri Indrapura District Court Decision Number 28/Pdt.G/2017/PN Sak, and Court Decision Number 104/Pdt.G./2012/PN. Cbn. In both cases, PPAT was alleged to have committed an act that was contrary to the procedures and provisions in making the deed, fulfilling the elements of an unlawful act as normalized in Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The study analyzes three legal issues, including whether the official making the land deed is also responsible for the legally flawed deed that has been made; what is the form of accountability that follows the official making the land deed to the legal defect status of the deed made; and how the concept of future arrangements for land deed officials as co-defendants for legally flawed deeds. The normative juridical research method uses three approaches, namely the law approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach. The results of the discussion of this study, namely: The responsibility of the official making the land deed for the legal defect deed he has made. Accountability in the realm of civil law with indicators that have fulfilled the elements of unlawful acts as regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The form of PPAT’s accountability for the legal defect status of the deed made is in the form of administrative sanctions and civil sanctions. The concept of future regulation of PPAT as partly responsible for a legally flawed deed is that there is a clear arrangement regarding the material and formal requirements for making a deed. In addition, it is necessary to regulate the concept of giving concrete and specific sanctions for PPAT to minimize the occurrence of professional abuse that has been imposed on the official.

Principles of functioning of a universal adaptive legal model of socially useful behavior of an individual during epidemics: State practices of the existence of the USSR as a key to solving modern problems

The study outlines the principles of functioning of a universal adaptive legal model of socially useful behavior of a person during epidemics (pandemics). The study explore the legal and doctrinal sources, materials of meetings (congresses) of authorities, members of the public, related to the field of countering the development of epidemics, published during the existence of the USSR (19221991) and in modern Russia. The construction of a universal legal model of socially useful behavior of an individual should be organized based on the conditions that contribute to ensuring the individuals compliance with formal requirements (empirical perception of risk, degree of trust in formal rules, and presence and strength of the influence of factors-obstacles). The following principles of functioning of the desired model were proposed: (1) the principle of a single source of origin, non-contradiction and factual validity of the application of special rules of conduct when threatened with the spread of dangerous diseases, (2) the principle of scientific validity of additional restrictions, prohibitions, and obligations, (3) the principle of systematic preventive work, and (4) the principle of rational planning for the preparation and use of human and material resources of public organizations of volunteers to prevent epidemiological emergencies.

Analysis of Judges' Decision on Witness Divorce Evidence in Donggala Religious Court

A judge's decision or commonly called court decision, is a written statement made by a judge as a government official who has been authorized to do so. The statement is made in a court case and it is open to the public after going through procedural law processes, to resolve or end a case to create legal certainty and justice for the disputing parties. This study used a qualitative case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written material analysis. The results of this study show that the judges examining, deciding, and resolving divorce cases based on Indonesia marraige laws and regulations. Witness evidence considered by the Panel of Judges is a witness that meets the formal and material requirements. One of the material requirements is that the witness testifies to what he has seen, heard, and experienced, not to hear other people's stories. Civil procedural law witnesses who do not personally witness an event which is the reason for the parties to a lawsuit in court, is called de auditu testimony.

Problematika Kesaksian Rukyatul Hilal Orang Non Muslim

The determination of the beginning of the month of Kamariyah is an interesting study of astronomy to be studied more deeply. In determining the beginning of the month of Kamariyah, there are two methods, namely reckoning and rukyat. The rukyat or rukyatul hilal method is related to the results of rukyat and the testimony of the new moon itself. The moment that Thierry Legault arrived, who had photographed the new moon, became a question of how his testimony was as a witness in seeing the new moon. According to the views of some schools and Islamic law, the testimony of the hilal of non-Muslims cannot be accepted because they are not just people and have no power over Muslims. But if you look at some of the conditions in the hilal testimony, Thierry Legault himself fulfills several formal and material requirements.

Reforming the legislation on national minorities of Ukraine in the context of europezation of the legal system of Ukraine (theoretical and legal aspect)

The article reveals the peculiarities of the optimization of national legislation, which regulates the legal status of national minorities in Ukraine. In the aspect of intensifying the processes of European integration of Ukraine, as a candidate state for joining the European Union, the low rates of improvement of the legislation on national minorities are analyzed, attention is focused on many of its imperfections, the presence of which does not correspond to the best European practices. In particular, based on the conclusions of the experts of the Venice Commission, attention is focused on the fact that the norms of the current law of Ukraine on national minorities do not provide conditions for the full implementation of linguistic identity by national minorities, since the regulation of this is not clear (norms on the protection of the linguistic identity of national minorities are contained in other legislative texts and are indirectly aimed at normalizing issues of language use only in certain fields - education, judiciary, mass media, etc.).
 A classification of the directions of Europeanization of the legislative framework on issues of ensuring the full rights of national minorities is proposed: requirements of a formal and legal nature and requirements of an institutional nature are distinguished. The requirements of a formal and legal nature are reduced to the improvement of the mechanism of protection against discrimination of national minorities in the process of realizing the right to use the native language. The requirements of an institutional nature provide for the establishment of a separate authority in Ukraine, which will specialize in ensuring the implementation of legislation in the field of national minorities.
 It was concluded that updating the national legislation of Ukraine on national minorities is currently an important step of our country on the long and difficult path of European integration. Accordingly, the long-term task of legal science is to develop scientifically based proposals for the development of a new law on national minorities, which in the near future will provide the maximum conditions for the full implementation of each representative of national minorities of their rights and interests.