Forms Of State Support Research Articles

Innovative approach to University clinics positioning in sustainable economic development concept in conditions of changing challenges

The issues related to the development of university medicine in connection with the emerging epidemiological situation and trends for the future are becoming more and more relevant in both research and practical aspects all over the world. The experience of university clinics abroad has been sufficiently studied, however, in Russia, the process of formation and development of medical clinics at leading Federal Universities has begun recently, and is not active enough. Currently, there are no more than 10 university clinics in the country, their experience, functioning mechanisms and contribution to the general results of a healthcare development has not yet been summarized and described in the scientific literature. At the same time, the scientific description and study of the issues of University clinics as medical institutions of a special type capable of providing high-tech medical services to the population and solving the issues of human resources for developing medicine are very relevant and significant in implementing the sustainable economic development concept in the conditions of changing challenges. Based on the analysis of the experience of foreign University clinics, an attempt is made to study the model and generalize the experience of University clinics formation in Russia in order to identify the main problems and prospects for their development. Without pretending to cover the whole range of problems associated with the development of university medicine, the main objective of the study is the issues of an innovative approach to the formation concept of medical centers positioning on the platform of a “University Clinic” brand. Using the example of the University Clinic - Clinical and Diagnostic Center of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (CDC IKBFU) the process of forming the concept of University clinic positioning was described; a situational analysis of the medical services market was carried out in order to identify the problems in sustainable growth goal-setting; possible approaches to the choice of the positioning concept of the University Clinic were analyzed; the concept of the CDC positioning on the platform of the “University Clinic” brand was proposed; a model of a “pyramid of values” was built for a medical organization of this type; an innovative approach to the formation of the clinic’s media policy was proposed; the recommendations were developed to implement the concept of the platform of the “University Clinic” brand positioning in the online environment in the information openness context. The findings obtained make it possible to continue the study of a whole range of issues, both scientific, methodological and practical, concerning the substantiation of an effective model for University clinics functioning; solving organizational, managerial and legislative aspects related to their departmental subordination, coordination of the ministries of education and healthcare, the sources of their funding, the forms of state support and others.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ МЕХАНИЗМА РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ГОСПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЯМ ПИЩЕВОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

The results of the author’s research in the field of analyzing the specifics of the regional development of food and processing industries of Russia are combined into a single methodological approach to determining the forms of state support for food producers, as well as the expediency of expanding regional and sectoral exports of products depending on the prospects of specific industries within the region and the features of a locally formed innovation and investment climate. The goals laid down in the federal project «Export of Agro- industrial Products» are clarified, the author’s position on the possibility of achieving them by 2024 due to the projected pace of development of the Russian food industry is stated. The necessity of a clear strategy for expanding the export opportunities of the products that have undergone industrial processing, including, first of all, stimulating the processes of domestic production, that implies an effective allocation of budget funds, is substantiated. The method of distribution of the regions of the Russian Federation into typical groups with similar characteristics of the regional innovation and investment climate and specific features of development of food industry

On the forms of state support for scientific research in the subjects of the Russian Federation: constitutional, legal and economic aspects.

On the forms of state support for scientific research in the subjects of the Russian Federation: constitutional, legal and economic aspects.

Современное состояние и тенденции развития рынка молока северных территорий России и Казахстана

On materials of the Komi Republic of the Rus¬sian Federation and Kostanay region of the Re¬public of Kazakhstan a comparative study of the dairy industry for 2014-2018, with the charac¬teristics and the main development trends of the market of milk and dairy products presented in graphic images of statistical data, is given; spe¬cific features of the agro-industrial complex de¬velopment in the northern regions of Russia and Kazakhstan are identified; the problems of dairy-grocery subcomplex at the present stage are considered; measures of state support of the dairy industry on improving the forms of state support in order to increase its effectiveness in modern conditions are proposed.

Agrarian financial interventions as a legal model for the sale of grain: history and modernity

The article outlines the features of the development of agricultural legislation of Ukraine aimed at regulation of agricultural financialinterventions with grain. Since 1995, there have been several legislative attempts in Ukraine to introduce state intervention procurementof agricultural products, primarily grain, but no effective mechanism for such operations has been introduced. The enshrinementin agrarian legislation of the model of agricultural interventions through the organized agricultural market, in particular the Agra -rian Exchange, deprived access to this form of state support and the method of selling grain to small and medium-sized producers. Stateagrarian interventions were not fully funded by the state. Significant defects are also inherent for the legal regulation of financial interventionswith grain. Proposals of agrarian law science to improve the legal regulation of agrarian interventions based on the internationalexperience were ignored by the legislator.The author argues that the exclusion in December 2020 from the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine»of the provisions, regulating such a form of state agricultural support as agricultural interventions, is unfounded and premature.The article conducts a comparative legal study of agricultural interventions in Ukraine and the EU, as a result of which the proposalsto restore the provisions of agrarian interventions in the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine» are substantiated.At the same time, legal regulation should be based on an updated model of agricultural interventions, which has to be basedon the EU regulations in this area, in particular: a) stabilization of the agricultural market in the mode of state intervention, primarilyoff-exchange trade; b) enshrining in the legislation of Ukraine a separate rule on the quality of products, offered for the interventionprocurement; c) the formation of minimum volumes of consignments of agricultural products, sold under state interventions.

Funkcjonowanie organizacji niekomercyjnych jako odzwierciedlenie procesu partycypacji społecznej obywateli w Kazachstanie (1991–2019)

The following article deals with the social participation of citizens of Kazakhstan, as well as the functioning of non-commercial organizations that are a manifestation of social activity in this country. The presented research is an attempt to systematize the issue of non-commercial organizations in Kazakhstan from the point of view of Polish science. The issue of the non-governmental sector is an extremely broad field of research, therefore basic legal acts, regulating these forms of social initiatives, have been examined. In addition, the third sector appears to be an important element in analysing the activities of post-Soviet countries, which are usually characterized by an authoritarian system of power, trying to maintain maximum control over civic initiatives. It turns out, they can function independently despite the difficulties. In the first part of the article, the author presents the legal framework that has been taken into account by the Kazakh legislator in relation to civil society and its associations, including primarily non-commercial ones, which constitute the important content of this article. Additionally, the operation, legal forms and areas covered by the activities of these organizations were analysed. The next part of the text is the evaluation of regulations that raise the issue of establishing associations, as well as the interpretation of other state concepts that provide for the development of civil society. In the last part, the author continues his reflection on the functioning of non-profit organizations in Kazakhstan, discussing forms of state support for this sector. The article ends with a summary of the whole topic and verification of the hypotheses set out in the introduction.

Legal regulation of «available loans 5-7-9%» in Ukraine

Problem setting. In modern conditions, every country in the world is trying to do everything to develop existing business and improve the conditions for opening a new business, increase attractiveness for foreign investors and attract additional funds to the state economy. In order to achieve a quick and effective outcome, it is considered necessary to address the issues in an integrated manner. The point is that a number of factors that are important for the activities of economic entities and affect the choice of the country in which the new business will be created and investments should be made should be taken into account. In our opinion, it is advisable to include among such important factors: the absence of excessive bureaucratic barriers for entrepreneurs, stable legislation, a flexible tax system, financial support (assistance) to business. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The study of some aspects of providing state financial support (assistance) to economic entities was carried out by such scientists as: N. M. Vnukova, S. V. Hlibko, A. A. Dmytryk, G. L. Znamensky, D. V. Lichak, Ya. Petrunenko and others. However, given the changes that have taken place in society in connection with the COVID19 pandemic, and the innovations that have been introduced to regulate legal relations in the field of economics, the need for modern research is necessitated. So, the purpose of this publication is to analyze the legal regulation of the provision of “available loans 5-7-9%” in Ukraine. Article’s main body. It is significant that since the introduction of quarantine, a large number of regulatory legal acts have been adopted in Ukraine aimed at mitigating the consequences of the crisis. In particular, a number of legislative acts have been adopted to amend tax legislation. Also, the standard owner did not ignore the economic legislation in terms of making appropriate adjustments to the legal mechanism for providing financial support to economic entities. In accordance with the Procedure for providing financial state support to micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses one of the forms of support is the provision of loans to business entities. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Attention is focused on peculiarities of providing financial support to economic entities. The legal mechanism for providing “available loans of 5-7-9%” as a type of financial support for business entities in Ukraine has been disclosed. It was noted that now the introduction of state guarantees on a portfolio basis as a form of state support for economic entities is insufficiently reasoned. The need to improve the legal regulation of the Program 5-7-9% is justified taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries.

Features of legal regulation of grain sales through the mechanism of mortgage purchases

The article clarifies that in order to ensure the proper functioning of the grain market in Ukraine, current national legislation providesspecial mechanism of mortgage purchase of grain, which is regulated by the Laws of Ukraine «On Grain and Grain Market inUkraine» of July 4, 2002, «On State Support of Agricultural Economy of Ukraine» of June 24, 2004, adopted in their development bylaws.It is proved that the legal nature of mortgage purchase of grain is manifested in the fact that it can be considered simultaneouslyas a legal model of grain sales, a form of state support for agricultural enterprises, a specific mechanism for lending to agricultural producersin the budget loan. The specifics of state mortgage purchase as a special model of grain sales is as follows: a) the object of mortgagepurchase is exclusively grain (durum wheat, soft wheat, wheat and rye (meslin) grain, corn, barley, winter rye, spring rye), peas,buckwheat, millet, oats, soybeans, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, flax seeds), which has already been harvested, placed in a grain warehouseand ready for sale; b) special subjects of grain mortgage purchase agreements (Agrarian Fund, acting as a creditor on behalf ofthe state, and a subject of agrarian entrepreneurship – a grain producer recognized as a borrower); c) has a term character; d) has a paidnature; e) is applied only if the relevant funds are available in the State Budget; e) is carried out in accordance with the legally approvedand too detailed, which complicates the access of grain producers to the budget loan in the mode of mortgage purchase of grain; e) iscarried out on the basis of a loan agreement, the standard form of which is currently not normatively approved. The mortgage purchaseof grain was carried out during 2000–2014, and after 2014 the relevant funds for the state mortgage procurement of grain in the StateBudget was not provided, and the relevant agreements in the agricultural market were not concluded.

A tale of two experiments: institutional innovations in women’s group farming in India

ABSTRACT This article traces the factors that shaped an unusual institutional innovation – group farming by women – in two states of India, Telangana and Kerala. Based on historical material and interviews with those who initiated or implemented these experiments, the article examines how group farming for women’s economic empowerment emerged as a significant development programme in the 2000s, and its divergence from the previous four “waves” of collective farming globally. Also, noting the substantial differences between the two states in programme implementation, such as in the governance structures, the size and social composition of groups, methods of scaling up, and forms of state support, the article asks and addresses the following questions: what explains these differences? In particular, what was the thinking behind them? And how did the differences impinge on group performance and the potential for replication?

Formation of the company’s investment policy taking into account the impact of environmental aspects of its activities

The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical issues and methodology for building an effective investment policy of an enterprise, taking into account that for enterprises operating in most fundamental sectors of the economy, including construction, oil and gas, transport, industrial production, etc., an important aspect that requires consideration in the development of investment policy is the impact on the environment. Environmental aspects impose restrictions on the choice of investment directions, applied methods and technical and economic indicators of projects and determine the potential competitive advantages of projects, including through the use of forms of state support. Environmental aspects of investment activity should be considered not only as basic constraints in the development of project solutions, but also as one of the factors of the enterprise’s competitiveness, which significantly affects its investment potential in the medium and long term. The authors also present a system of key principles for the formation of an enterprise’s investment policy taking into account environmental aspects and form a schematic diagram for the development of an enterprise’s investment policy taking into account environmental aspects. The use of the proposed methodological tools will help to increase the stability and efficiency of both the internal environment of the enterprise and its external environment, that is, the socio-economic system in which it operates.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELARUSIAN LIGHT INDUSTRY

The article is devoted to the analysis of factors determining the development of light industry in the Republic of Belarus. As these factors, the article explores the influence of changes in the forms of labour motivation, changes in professional qualification requirements, changes in the technology of production and promotion of goods, changes in forms of state support, and the development of cooperation.

РАДИКАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ ЭТНОРЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ КОНФЛИКТОВ В СИСТЕМЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

This article analyzes the impact of ethno-religious conflict on national security in the context of the radicalization of their ideological component. The nature of ethnoreligious conflicts lies in the unequal position in the system of social coordinates, but at the same time relatively unfree development and restriction of the interest arising from social conditions of life, which receives final social life and satisfaction as a result of its political legitimation, manifested in the form of state support. Every ethnoreligious conflict is a symptom of both the lack of equality and freedom, manifested primarily in ideological radicalization, striving for fundamentalism, extreme forms of conscious and unconscious aggression, reduced from an ideological state to extremist actions, which creates a real danger and threat to social and national security. The growth of ideological tension and subsequent conflict actions reaches the limits beyond which the existing security system either actualizes its protective functions, or seeks to change the degrees of equality and freedom of actualized interest. While in the first case, the state, in an effort to maintain the security system at the same level, uses coercive legal instruments, which manifest themselves in other forms of coercion than before, in the second case, both the normative and social coordinates of the realization of ethnic and religious interest, and then in the second case, both the normative and social coordinates of the realization of ethnic and religious interest and at the same time of the entire existing security system are subject to revision. Understanding by the state of the indisputable fact that in the modern world security is relative to social interests, it allows it to react sensitively to the growth of ethnic and religious tension, to protect these movements from ideological radicalization and ethnic religious extremism.

Loan and Grant Support for Students in the Context of the Diversification of Funding Sources for Higher Education

[full article and abstract in English]
 This paper considers the mechanism of direct state support for students in European countries using loans and grants: their functions, forms, schemes, and conditions for provision. The peculiarities of the state preferential educational loan in Ukraine and the reasons for its curtailment since 2011 are determined. Nowadays, it is established that the main form of state support for Ukrainian students who receive higher education in public procurement comes with academic and social scholarships, whereas students who receive higher education under a contract of preferential state lending yet after the curtailment of the program are deprived of any state support. The necessity of restoring the program of preferential state lending for students and the directions of its improvement, such as the establishment of an interest rate on a loan based on the level of inflation, the establishment of a minimum amount of annual payments on a loan as a percentage of the minimum salary, the distribution of the risk of non-repayment of a loan between the state, the borrower and his parent, are all substantiated. This is done taking into account the financial capabilities of the Ukrainian state and the high levels of hidden income. We consider the establishment of conditions needed for the development of a system of commercial educational loans, by providing for the provision of a state guarantee on it and partial state subsidy of interest rates. We consider the areas of improvement of scholarship support of students and substantiate the necessity of introducing education at least for orphans, children deprived of parental care, and disabled children.

Prospects of development of aquaculture in Russia and its regions

The state program “Development of aquaculture (commercial fish farming) in the Russian Federation for 2015-2020” (hereinafter referred to as the State Program) determines the main directions for the development of the fisheries complex and its financial support. However, the current program does not sufficiently elaborate the forms of state support for this sphere of agricultural production, which would contribute to the accelerated development of the industry. It should also be noted that the existing potential of aquaculture in Russia is not fully utilized. The Institute of Economics of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after A.A. Ezhevsky, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region, assessed the fulfillment of tasks of the State Program, identified factors hindering the development of aquaculture in Russia and its regions, and developed recommendations for improving the forms of state support for economic entities in the industry.

Правовое регулирование социального предпринимательства в России

We consider the issues of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship correlation; analyze the concepts definitions of “social entrepreneurship”, “socially oriented noncommercial organization”, “social enterprise”; comprehend the issues of the social entrepreneurs legal status, consider the regulatory procedure for recognizing a small or medium-sized business as a social enterprise. It is noted that the difference between “entrepreneurship” and “social entrepreneurship” depends on the goal that guides the participant in civil relations. We analyze and correlate the private-legal and public-legal foundations for social entrepreneurs support, we study the issue of social en-trepreneurship in foreign countries; attention is paid to the aspect of state support for social entrepreneurs, socially oriented noncommercial organiza-tion. We emphasize the necessity of developing a legal concept for the devel-opment of social entrepreneurship in Russia, which underlies the selection of projects that could qualify for one of the forms of state support in the field of social entrepreneurship. We consider the issue of social contract. We outline the idea of agreements differentiation concluded in the field of social entrepreneurship on the basis of the state participation in such relations. It is emphasized that agreements can be the result of proactive entrepreneurship aimed at achieving a socially beneficial result and not claiming financial support from the state, but, on the contrary, can be of a cascading nature and include no less than three parties, one of which is the state.

State support for nuclear new build

State support in one form or another has been necessary throughout the history of nuclear power station construction, both for political reasons and as a matter of economic necessity. This article considers various forms of state support, by reference to four contrasting jurisdictions: the UK, France, the USA and China. Of these, with the exception of China, new nuclear projects are struggling to varying degrees, despite support by the state. In China, new build is surging forward, coupled with an expansionist policy internationally. In all jurisdictions, the picture is however complicated. In both the USA and China, there is no coherent national approach, with conflicting regional or state policies. France has a very strong national framework, but this is at present not delivering the continued strength in nuclear power which characterized its history. The UK is desperately trying to achieve new build without the state directly taking on risk, but at great risk to future electricity consumers. The nature of new nuclear power stations is that, at least until they are up and running, they are risky propositions for investors. At present, the market seems unwilling to take that risk. Therefore, if a state desires a strong civil nuclear capability, whether for economic, political or energy security reasons, it will have to provide inducements for the development of new nuclear power stations. In reality this will have to involve risk to either taxpayers or electricity consumers.

The price of rhymes: The evolution of poets’ status throughout history

This article analyses how the status of French poets evolved over a very long period. I draw on Weber to define status as level of social prestige anchored in a community, involving forms of sociability and deferential relations between unequal actors. I show that artists’ status is notably shaped by instances of consecration. I use quantitative and qualitative data to assess poets’ status across the centuries. After being essentially a court occupation, the fall of the Ancien Régime put an end to the longstanding relationship between poetry and the aristocracy, where poets were subordinate in status and depended on nobles for their social existence and prestige. The social history of the arts is most often that of a shift from the patronage system to a market-based organization in which experts (peers and cultural entrepreneurs) along with the public became the main instances of consecration. But unlike novels or fine arts, poetry was unable to establish itself solidly in the market, and the public played little role in shaping poets’ status as opposed to peers. Poets had to find alternative forms of social life, at the expense of growing specialization and a loss of contact with the circles of power; this notably involved new forms of State support, the State remaining a crucial instance of consecration essentially through the education system. This made poets specialists of culture and literature, often holding as a second job positions in the cultural field and the education system. Yet none of this damaged the dynamism of poetry or its social recognition.

Current state and problems of commercial fish-farming development in Russia

Russia, like no other country in the world, has a huge potential for fish-farming development. According to data of different authors, in Russia from 12 to 16 million hectares of water areas of inland water bodies are suitable for fish-farming. Aquaculture farms potential in Russia is estimated at, at least, 2-3 million tons. It should be borne in mind, however, that our statistics do not take into account the so-called micro water bodies with an area of less than 1 hectare. The Department of Economics and Accounting in Agroindustrial Complex of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region carried out a study of aquaculture production state, identified factors that hampered its development, gave recommendations on use of forms of state support for agricultural aquaculture producers. The article is devoted to the current state and problems of commercial fish-farming development in Russia, including main aquaculture objects cultivated in Russia and its potential species; volume of catching aquatic biological resources and production of aquaculture products in Russia from 2007 to 2016 and main directions of state support for this sector.

Анализ нормативных правовых актов в сфере развития Арктической зоны Российской Федерации в целях обеспечения экономической безопасности макрорегиона

The article is devoted to the analysis of the normative and legal legislation designed to regulate the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the aspect of ensuring the economic security of this macroregion. The analysis of the main federal and regional regulations has been carried out, Arctic preferences for business and the population have been singled out and systemized in the context of individual subjects and municipal entities, which are inherently a strong basis for ensuring the economic security of the macroregion. The analysis of legislative acts regulating the development of the Arctic zone and the legal relations between its subjects showed that today there are more than 500 regulatory legal acts in force, which, however, do not form a reliable legislative basis for the sustainable development of the Arctic territories. Today, there is a need for a single normative legal act with a full list of additional preferences in relation to legal entities that carry out economic activities in the Arctic (tax breaks, certain forms of state support, etc.), as well as to individuals who live and work in the territory (benefits for residents of the Far North, as well as for the small indigenous peoples of the North).

Social adaptation and employment of disabled people during the Great Patriotic War (on the materials of the Tatar ASSR)

The article deals with the problems of social adaptation of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic after their return to peaceful life. Based on the documentary materials extracted from the funds of the federal and Tatarstan archives The author characterizes forms of state support for war-maimed people, resolution of their production training and employment, appointment of pensions, opening of boarding houses, organization of health care services, etc. It is noted that for the majority of disabled people this targeted support was often a determining factor in ensuring their livelihoods. The employment of disabled veterans of the Patriotic War made it possible to solve a two-fold problem: in the conditions of an acute shortage of workers, a new personnel reserve was created for the economy and at the same time social protection of veterans returned after treatment in hospitals was provided. Many disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War showed themselves well in the workplace, became leaders and were nominated for leadership positions. But there were those who led an immoral lifestyle, begging. The authorities, called to solve the issues of social rehabilitation of disabled people, did not always cope with the tasks assigned to them. Evidence of this is the facts of the soullessly-bureaucratic attitude of certain officials to the needs and requests of disabled people, cases of appropriation of funds and squandering of state funds.