Forestry Regulations Research Articles

Car service station wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation technology

Efforts to prevent environmental pollution due to wastewater produced by car service station can be carried out using electrocoagulation technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of electrocoagulation technology for treating car service station wastewater. This research is an experimental study conducted in a car workshop at PT Jaya Indah Motor Jambi City. The electrocoagulation machine used an Automatic PLC System WWTP 350 L with total dimensions of 1200 x 1200 x1700 mm, power 380Volt/20A (Stanby Steady State). Researchers compared the research data with the wastewater quality standards contained in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.68.MENLHK/Setjen/KUM/.I/8/2016. The results showed that the final value of the parameters of the treatment results using electrocoagulation had met the wastewater quality standards (TSS 19.75 mg/L; pH 6.92; BOD 8.46 mg/L; COD 25.07 mg/L; oil and fat 2.75 mg/L; and ammonia 7.12 mg/L).

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ И ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ ЛЕСНОЙ ЗОНЫ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ КАК ПРЕДМЕТ ИХ МОНИТОРИНГА

This work is devoted to the analysis of the state and use of land and natural resources of the forest zone of the Omsk region, their potential and the possibility of use in various spheres of life. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the importance of taking into account all the benefits of the forest, since the forest fund currently appears not only as a natural resource and a factor of production, but also as an important object of forestry business and a valuable strategic resource, the presence and diversity of which determines the success of the development of many spheres of life. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of land and natural resources of the forest zone of the Omsk region. When studying the state and use of land and natural resources, an analysis of the general condition of the object was carried out, taking into account the use of statistical, cartographic and other materials. The study was based on the following materials: territorial planning documents, forestry regulations of forestry enterprises that are part of the forest zone of the Omsk region, the forest plan of the Omsk region, data from the state forest register, reports on the state and use of land, documents of the socio-economic development strategy, as well as publicly available information on the Internet, cartographic materials. In this study, methods of system analysis, analysis-synthesis, comparison were used.

Utilization of Abandoned Land Based on Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 07 of 2021 for Food Estate

Basic Agrarian Law no. 5 of 1960 stipulates that all land rights must have a social function, by Article 6 which states that land cannot be used solely for personal interests, especially if this is detrimental to society. Land use must be adapted to conditions and rights, providing benefits both for the owner & for the community and state. Abandoned land, including land rights, Management Rights, and land based on a Land Tenure Basis that is not used or cultivated, is the focus of this research. This research aims to explain the relationship between the 1960 Basic Agrarian Law regarding abandoned land and its derivative regulations, especially in the context of the National Food Estate Strategic Program. The research method uses secondary data with a normative juridical approach to synchronize legal provisions with field practice. Social Function is identified as an integral element in Land Rights, and the author believes that abandoned land, such as Cultivation Rights, can be used for the prosperity of the people. However, Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation no. 07 of 2021 indicates that these social functions have not been fully utilized along with other land uses, creating inconsistencies in the implementation of the policy.

Evaluation of the Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) parameter concentration limits in industrial estates on Java Island

Due to the harmful effects of air pollution on health, outdoor air pollution standards are getting stricter. Because of environmental changes, the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 14/2020 must reevaluate the concentration limits for ISPU parameters. This study aimed to examine the concentration ranges and ISPU values for SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10 in industrial estates on Java Island, and set concentration limits for five relevant ISPU parameters based on the results of monitoring, sampling, and toxicity studies. A drop in the average concentration of the five ISPU parameters in 2022 compared to monitoring from 2015 to 2019 shows that the air quality in industrial estates on Java Island is improving. The ISPU values between 10 and 56 are in the good-to-moderate range, which means that the air quality is still good enough for the health of humans, animals, and plants. The relevant concentration limit recommendations for ISPU in good-to-moderate categories for SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10 were 42–77 μg/Nm3, 29–120 μg/Nm3, 3519–5037 μg/Nm3, 33–97 μg/Nm3, and 29–82 μg/Nm3, respectively. The results of this study can be used to improve Indonesia’s ambient air quality index system (ISPU).

Impact assessment of new social forestry program on the accessibility and economic circumstances of the forest communities

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 9 of 2021 concerning Social Forestry (SF) is the latest regulation that simplifies the provision of access to the community. The regulation states that SF is a sustainable forest management system implemented in state forest areas or private forests (customary forests) carried out by local communities or customary law communities as the main actors to improve their welfare, environmental balance, and sociocultural dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of SF with new regulations. This study was conducted in a pine production forest in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Respondents, as many as 88, were members of forest farmer groups with an area of 108 hectares. The SF activities at this location used pine and coffee cropping patterns. Interviews with SF farmers were employed in this study to gather information about the impact of the regulation’s issuance on economic factors and changes in forest access. The study results show that the new regulation increases community access to the forest, including being allowed to plant various plants that were prohibited by the previous regulation. In addition, forest concession rights have a longer duration, from five to 35 years, giving farmers more opportunities to gain economic benefits.

Development of Sasirangan Liquid Waste Treatment System Using Ozonization Method Using Composite Ceramic Filter Media Based on Water Chestnut (Eleocharis Dulcis)

Sasirangan Liquid Waste (SLW) contains heavy metals and chemicals with BOD and COD concentrations exceeding the waste water quality standards in accordance with the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.16 of 2019. The aim of this research is to design and develop a SLW processing system using filter media and composite ceramics made from water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis). Based on previous research, using the filtration method; filtration and adsorption; filtration, adsorption, sedimentation and ozonization. Filtration method can remove solid particles and sediment from water, so the water appears clearer. The water purification process that involves a filtration method using slow sand filter (SSF), which additional processes are needed either before or after the SSF is carried out. Meanwhile, the use of water chestnut has been carried out by several researchers due to its high active carbon content, namely 50.68%. In this research, we combine several methods including filtration, sedimentation, and ozonization. Water chestnut has a bound carbon content of 84.53% after being activated with an H2SO4 activator, where the largest porosity is found in ceramics with activated charcoal composite materials with variations of the H2SO4 activator. Apart from that, chestnut also has a cellulose content of 35.32% so it has the potential to be effective as a ceramic composite material in sasirangan liquid waste processing filters, especially as an adsorbent. The benefits obtained from the results of this research can be a scientific reference for the use of water chestnut as a filter media and composite ceramic.

Evaluation of Solid Medical Waste Management in Bogor Regional Public Hospitals

Healthcare facilities generate medical waste. If not properly managed, medical waste can damage the environment and spread diseases. Many hospitals in Indonesia do not adhere to medical waste management regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at four public hospitals in Bogor District, Indonesia. A case study design was used to obtain a comprehensive description of the solid medical waste management activities in the hospitals. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. This study revealed that the medical waste generated in all hospitals was infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cytotoxic, totaling approximately 4,000-12,000 kg. Hospitals A, B, C, and D fulfilled the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P56 of 2015 criteria, achieving compliance rates of 77%, 83.78%, 83.3%, and 86.48%, respectively. However, several activities of the hospitals did not meet the standards for waste reduction, segregation, on-site transport, temporary storage, and human resource quality. It is important that hospitals establish comprehensive and compliant medical waste management systems.

EVALUASI KINERJA HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN GAPOKTAN ALAM LESTARI RESORT JANGKOK KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RINJANI BARAT

NTB Province is committed to implementing the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 9 of 2021 which states that there is a need to increase the economic activities of residents living around forests through social forestry schemes. The most popular social forestry scheme is HKm. The HKm scheme is of more interest to the people of NTB because it aims to improve the welfare of communities around the forest and its implementation can be carried out in protected and production forests. Based on the above problems, it is necessary to conduct research related to the evaluation of HKm management of Gapoktan Alam Lestari in order to find out the economic, ecological and social aspects regulatedinPerdirjen Perhutanan Sosial dan Kemitraan Lingkungan No.P.9/PSKL/PKPS/KUM.1/10/2019. Descriptive method was used in this research. A snowball sampling approach was used to determine respondents. Gapoktan Alam Lestari obtained a medium score (75%) in its evaluation.

Translation of international frameworks and national policies on climate change, land degradation, and biodiversity to develop integrated risk assessment for watershed management in Indonesia

The international conventions on environments, i.e., biodiversity (United Nations Convention on Biodiversity - UNCBD), land degradation (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification - UNCCD), and climate change (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - UNFCCC) stipulates country-level policies, programs, and actions in sustaining environmental well-being. This study attempts to connect the three conventions ratified into national regulations in Indonesia. The connection is framed to develop indicators and their attributes for measuring health or risk levels of watershed functions and services to the present challenges. The risk assessment is formulated based on a set of risk components and indicators developed with referring to Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. 60/2014 about the classification of watershed health conditions, Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. 29/2009 about biodiversity, and Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 7/2018 about climate change risk assessment. The formulation grouped the risk indicators into biophysical, socio-economic, and governance. The risk assessment is applied to the Way Khilau watershed of Lampung, Indonesia, to measure the risk levels and identify the contributing indicators that should be considered for designing adaptation options. Under the current conditions, the Way Khilau watershed has a score of about 123.25 or 0.77, which will be exacerbated by future climate change. The risk level can reach a score of 138 or 0.89, nearly approaching the upper threshold. This risk level urges the policymakers and stakeholders to take adaptation actions to maintain the functions and services of the Why Khilau watershed.

Soil bacterial communities are more sensitive to short-term nitrogen deposition than fungal communities in subtropical Chinese fir forests

The increasing rate of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition seriously affects the structure and function of ecosystems. Although soil microorganisms play a crucial role in ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, the impact of N deposition on soil microbial communities in subtropical forest ecosystems is unclear. Here, we selected the subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forest as the research object and conducted simulated N deposition experiments with different levels of N deposition (0 kg N ha−1 yr−1,50 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1, and 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively) to explore the response of soil nutrients, soil microbial community structure, and potential ecological functions to short-term N deposition. We found that the bacterial richness Chao1 index and phylogenetic diversity PD_whole_tree decreased with the N deposition level approximately 13 % −16 % under MN and HN treatment. N deposition significantly altered the composition of soil bacterial communities (P < 0.05), but the responses of different taxa to N deposition were inconsistent at different stages of growing season. N deposition treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria at both beginning of growing season (BGS) and end of growing season (EGS), decreased the relative abundances of Planctomycetes at BGS, and decreased the relative abundances of Elusimicrobia and Cyanobacteria at both BGS and EGS. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Anosim (Analysis of similarities) analyses showed that the bacterial communities were clearly distinguished among treatments at both BGS and EGS. However, N deposition had a relatively small impact on fungal communities, only altering the fungal community structure at BGS. The impact of N deposition on soil microbial communities was mainly induced by the alteration in soil water content (SWC), pH, NO3–-N, and available nitrogen (AN). Both bacterial and fungal communities exhibit seasonal community dynamics, while the interaction of N deposition and season was mainly reflected in the impact on bacterial communities. Our research not only provides research ideas for the potential impact of nitrogen deposition on subtropical forest ecosystems in the short term, but also provides a theoretical basis for future scientific management and regulation of forestry, microorganisms, and sustainable management of Chinese fir plantations.

Utilization of Ozone and Kefir Whey Probiotics as a Green Technology in Coliform Removal in Health Care Facilities Wastewater

Health care facilities wastewater (HWW), such as hospital, is classified as domestic wastewater according to Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.P68/2016. One of the important parameters is total coliform. The disinfection process using chlorine is effective in reducing the number of coliforms, but it is indicated to cause residues and side effects for other microorganisms in the receiving water bodies. This research is an experimental study by utilizing ozone and probiotics from whey kefir to eliminate coliform bacteria, aiming to determine the strategy for choosing a method for removing total coliform bacteria in HWW using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Data processing used Expert Choice 2011 software and it was found that the criteria with the highest score were environmental aspects, namely 0.302 and the priority indicator being minimizing the risk of pollution with the highest score, 0.366. Determination of strategies in the process of eliminating coliform bacteria in HWW by making choices, between the use of chlorine, ozone and a combination of ozone and whey kefir probiotics with five criterias approach (environmental, technological, social, economic, and institutional). Ultimate priority by using ozon was chosen with a score of 0.449; use of ozone and probiotics is the second priority with a score of 0.316; and utilization of chlorine with a score of 0.235.

О лесных пожарах в лесах Челябинской области за 2018–2021 годы и анализ требований к воспроизводству лесов в лесохозяйственном регламенте

The article presents the results of a four-year study of the number of forest fires on the territory of 22 forestries in the Chelyabinsk region. It was revealed that the main cause of fires is the human factor such as careless handling of fire. The number and intensity of fires are somewhat dependent on the number of crown fires and weather conditions. Forest fires cause enormous economic and environmental damage to the environment. The damage from a forest fire consists of the loss of standing wood and the cost of extinguishing work, clearing and restoring burned areas, losses from the death of animals, moreover, the calculations have shown that the economic damage from fires can significantly exceed the cost of extinguishing them. Environmental damage from fires consists of the loss of natural resources, for example, valuable animals or rare plants, listed in the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region of Russia, may be lost due to a forest fire. In order to carry out the most effective reforestation and afforestation, each of the 22 forest areas has developed forest management regulations for reforestation in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation No. № 188 by 25.03.2019 making changes to it. The article presents an analysis of the forestry regulations on the example of the Krasnoarmeyskoye forestry of the Chelyabinsk region.

Creating Shared Value Utilization of FABA PLTU Pacitan

As Fly Ash &amp; Bottom Ash (FABA) producer, Pacitan Generating Unit, which is one of PLN Nusantara Power's units located in the southern part between East Java and Central Java, has an obligation to manage FABA. As waste, FABA, which originally had the status of Hazardous &amp; Toxic Waste (B3) until it became Non-hazardous waste, must be managed properly following Government Regulations and Minister of Environment &amp; Forestry Regulations. FABA management carried out by UP Pacitan is in the form of massive utilization of FABA in the packaging of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program or what is currently also known as Social &amp; Environmental Responsibility. FABA utilization program is in line with the corporate strategy in maintaining the life of the landfill as FABA storage area which will continue to be filled as long as the PLTU Pacitan operates. In addition, this program also have positive impacts on the wider community by transforming FABA into village road casting activities, construction of habitable houses, stabilization of non-productive land, revitalization of rest areas in Ring I, and FABA is used as a mixture of paving/brick production by micro, small and medium enterprises. The creation of "shared value" or Creating Shared Value (CSV) in the FABA utilization program is a form of alignment between corporate strategy and the challenges of addressing social and environmental issues. CSV ensures that Social &amp; Environmental Responsibility programs for the community are an integral part of the company's strategy.

Decreasing pH, COD and TSS of Domestic Liquid Waste Using Photocatalysis TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide)

Domestic waste comes from households that must be treated. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.68/Minister Environment and Forestry-Secretary General/2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards, the government has set a maximum limit for waste water that can be disposed of to the environment or receiving water bodies. includes pH, TSS and COD parameters. This is useful for overcoming the problem of environmental pollution caused by wastewater. Waste water that is not managed properly will have an impact on human health. environmental pollution is harmful to humans. Domestic sewage treatment using a titanium dioxide photocatalyst shows the results of testing the pH value on domestic waste as shown below, showing that overall the concentration of parameters has increased the pH value decrease 90% from acidic to normal with the best pH value with a value of 6.57 at a contact time of 210 minutes of mass catalyst 2.5 grams. Parameter concentration decreased TSS value from initial value of 157 mg/L to normal with the best TSS value of 94 mg/L at contact time of 210 minutes with catalyst mass of 2.5 grams. COD value at contact time of 210 minutes with a mass of 2.5 grams of catalyst with a value of 2861 mg/L. COD value affects the time and mass of the catalyst (1). a decrease of 40.1% where the TSS value meets the quality standard, and the COD value has decreased by 31%. Addition of further processing to get a better COD.

The Effectiveness of Regulations on Waste Reduction Road Map by Manufacturers

A good and healthy environment in a sustainable manner is part of human rights that need to be fought for, especially regarding plastic waste. Today, plastic waste has polluted land and water areas, due to limited management and the slow handling of waste management so that it affects climate change due to carbon gas emissions produced. Based on this awareness, the Government issued the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 75 of 2019 concerning Roadmaps for Reducing Waste by Manufacturer. In fact, there are still very few Manufacturers who voluntarily create and implement a waste reduction roadmap. Therefore, this study examines the effectiveness of Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 75 of 2019 concerning Roadmaps for Reducing Waste by Manufacturer from the normative aspect (with a statute approach) and sociological (with a qualitative approach). This research used secondary data that obtained through literature study, and primary data obtained through observation. All the data analysed qualitatively with content analysis. The results of the study show that Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 75 of 2019 concerning Roadmaps for Reducing Waste by Manufacturer has stipulated an obligation to manufacturers to create a roadmap for waste reduction. Problems occur in implementation due to lack of manufacturer participation which is influenced by 2 (two) factors, namely (1) economic factors because the transition to environmentally friendly materials will affect production costs; and (2) regulatory factors due to lack of socialization, lack of transparency in supervision, and the absence of sanctions for manufacturers who are negligent or intentionally not making and implementing a waste reduction roadmap.

Edukasi Siswa SMAN 1 Batulayar Melalui Penyuluhan Potensi Energi Terbarukan Menuju Sekolah Ramah Lingkungan

Senior High School (SHS) 1 Batulayar is located at Jl. Otomotif Raya, Senteluk, Batulayar, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara 83355, Indonesia, is in the Senggigi tourism buffer area. In the 2023 academic year, SHS 1 Batulayar only received 39 new students who were accommodated in 1 class (study group). Seeing these conditions is a problem faced by SHS 1 Batulayar in getting students. As a teaching team in the Department of Electrical Engineering, we are inspired to educate students and teachers, one of which is providing information on the potential of new renewable energy towards environmentally friendly schools. Educational material in the form of knowledge about the new energy sector in accordance with Law No. 30 of 2007 concerning Energy and PP No. 70 of 2009 concerning energy conservation and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.52/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/9/2019, movement for environmental care and culture in schools, especially in the field of EBT, energy conservation towards the Adiwiyata (Green School) program. The PkM group consists of lecturers, technicians and students from the Electrical Engineering study program specializing in electrical power systems and telecommunication. PkM participants were 25 classes X and More attention to SHS 1 Batulayar which has less number of students.

Agroforestry farmers’ resilience in social forestry and private Forest programs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has created impacts on various aspects of life and caused a shock to all sectors, including agriculture. The Indonesian government continues encouraging access for communities to be involved in forest management through social forestry programs Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 9 of 2021 on Social Forestry Management is Indonesia’s latest policy regulating social forestry. For Java Island, the social forestry program is regulated by the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 39 of 2017. Traditional agroforestry has been carried out by farmers throughout Indonesia for a long time, both in state forest areas through social forestry programs and on private land dominated by woody tree species called private forests. This research aims to examine the resilience of agroforestry farmers in social forestry areas and private forest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Garut and Bandung Districts, West Java Province, Indonesia, from May to July 2022. Interviews were performed with 219 respondents from six farmer groups: four groups that obtained social forestry permits through the recognition and protection of forestry partnerships (pengakuan dan perlindungan kemitraan kehutanan/KULIN KK) scheme and two groups in a private forest. The household livelihood resilience approach was used to analyze the agroforestry farmers’ resilience, comprised of financial, human, social, physical, and natural capital. Data were processed with a Likert scale (1, 2, and 3) and visualized using a spider diagram to compare and distinguish the five types of capital. The results showed the COVID-19 pandemic affected both social forestry and private forest farmers, where there was a decrease in agroforestry product prices and an increase in production input prices. These excluded private forest products, specifically cardamom, which has increased prices. Agroforestry farmers in the private forest have higher resilience than social forestry. These results highlight the need to increase financial capital, which has the lowest value for increasing household resilience. The level of resilience is influenced by the characteristics of farmers, especially their level of education, land ownership, and income. Based on the results, capital assistance, market access, and training related to post-harvesting are strategies for improving resilience. The results also contributed to efforts needed to increase the resilience of social forestry and private forest farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to determine the resilience of agroforestry farmers in social forestry and community forests after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Law as an instrument of forest destruction in Russia

The paper analyzes the causes of the failure of Russian law to prevent illegal logging in its effort to protect forests. It does not attempt to review all its rules and regulations. Instead, it focuses on one significant theme: the way how businesses misuse Russian law to conduct the destruction of forestry resources by applying so called ‘salvage clearings’. The process of authorizing and conducting salvage clearings is regulated by the Russian Forest Code, administrative regulations, and judicial interpretations. The analysis of this law leads to the conclusion that Russian law has good purposes and is sufficiently well defined to prosecute and punish its violators. However, the law is not enforced in the way it was meant to. The legal provisions intended for the protection of forests are used for their destruction. Illegal logging takes the form of an activity approved by forest officials. One reason for it is governmental corruption. The existing forestry regulations are not always clear and well-defined, but they provide a sufficient regulatory framework that can be used effectively against the abuses of salvage clearings. A major legal problem lies not so much in the content of forestry law, as in an overall lack of a general effective mechanism to control administrative discretion. In practice, there are no administrative checks on the way the salvage clearings are carried out. Without a mechanism of control, any administrative law, however well-defined, is open to abuse. An effective mechanism cannot exist without a society that values forest resources beneficial not only for humans but also for other species.

Effect of rainfall on assessment of hydrologic sustainability in Citanduy sub-watersheds

Hydrology is one of the criteria for monitoring and evaluation (monev) of watersheds management as stated in the Minister of Forestry Regulation Number P.61/Menhut-II/2014. So far, the use of various hydrological parameters for the monev of watersheds has not been evaluated whether these parameters truly reflect the condition of the watershed. This study aimed (1) to evaluate the effect of rainfall on the hydrological criteria of each sub-watershed, which include: flow regime coefficient, annual flow coefficient, sediment load, and water use index and (2) to evaluate the effect of rainfall on watershed carrying capacity. Regression analysis was used to see the relationship between annual rainfall and hydrological parameters used in watershed sustainability. This analysis was crucial to see the development of forest and land rehabilitation efforts in restoring degraded land. Data collection was carried out from 2008 to 2016 in each of the sub-watersheds of the Citanduy Watershed, namely Cijolang, Cikawung, Cimuntur, Ciseel, and Upper Citanduy. From this research, it is known that flow regime coefficient, annual flow coefficient, sediment load, water use index, and flood frequency are strongly influenced by rainfall so the result in evaluating watershed carrying capacity may vary depending on the rainfall. Besides being influenced by rainfall, flow regime coefficient, annual flow coefficient, and sediment load are also affected by land cover, while the slope affects the sediment load.

Description of Waste Management at Bahteramas General Hospital

General Hospital South East Sulawesi Province is classified as a Class B hospital and medical services generate medical waste from inpatients, outpatients and emergency rooms daily. This study aims to determine the wamanagementnt’s description at Bahteramas General Hospital Southeast Sulawesi Province. The nature of this study is descriptive, using qualitative methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. This study used an interview and observational tool, in which researchers prepared questions and a checklist test. Data analysis is based on Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 56 of 2015, which stipulates procedures and technical requirements for treating hazardous and toxic waste from health facilities. The management of waste at Bahteramas General Hospital depends on the type of waste. Liquid infectious waste from all wards and installation rooms is dumped into the spoelhock, which is connected directly to hospital’s IPAL. For the management of sharp waste/syringe, they are put into safety boxes. There is also cytotoxic waste (chemotherapy waste) which is put into a purple trash bag, and radiotherapy waste from the radiology room, which is put into a red trash bag, while the pharmaceutical waste is put into a brown trash bag. So it can be concluded that waste management in the treatment room of Bahteramas General Hospital Southeast Sulawesi Province reached 91.98% in July to September. In the assessment item of waste of sharp objects, it is put into a safety box, and the infectious liquid waste dumped into the canal connected to IPAL has reached 100%.&#x0D; Keywords: Waste Management, Bahteramas General Hospital Southeast Sulawesi Province