Forestry Regulations Research Articles

Quantifying global warming potential variations from greenhouse gas emission sources in forest ecosystems

Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigating climate change. This research aimed to evaluate the GHG emissions of various sources within forested ecosystems and assess their respective contributions to global warming potential (GWP), vital for developing more targeted strategies to mitigate climate change, shaping climate policies, carbon accounting, sustainable forest management, and advancing scientific comprehension of ecosystem-climate dynamics. The study comprehensively analysed carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions EDGAR data of deforestation, fires, and natural processes such as organic soil decomposition within forested ecosystems. The assessment quantified the CO2 equivalent emissions for each category from 1990 to 2022 and forecasted till 2030. Our forecast shows that CO2 emissions from deforestation could reach between 3,990 and 4,529 metric ton (Mt) by 2030, with forest fires contributing an additional 750 Mt. Forestland CO2 absorption is expected to decline to -5134.80 Mt by 2030. There is uncertainty surrounding the forecasts for Organic soil CO2 (829.78 Mt) and Other land CO2 (-764.53 Mt). In addition, deforestation was a significant contributor to CO2 emissions, with a GWP ranging from 4000 to 4500, highlighting the complex interplay between natural processes and human activities in shaping atmospheric warming patterns. Additionally, forest fires emit a complex mix of GHGs. The potency of these gases in warming the planet varies considerably, with CH4 exhibiting a GWP range of 500 to 700 Mt CO2 equivalent, and CO2 ranging from 900 and 1350 Mt. These variations depend on fire intensity and its overall impact on the climate system. Forestland acts as powerful carbon sink, capturing atmospheric CO2 with negative GWP values between -7000 and -6000. Researchers suggest a multifaceted strategy such as stricter enforcement of sustainable forestry regulations, investing in projects that promote carbon sequestration, and reforestation. Additionally, advancements in drone technology, satellite imagery, remote sensing and advanced data analytics can aid in detecting and mitigating climate change impacts, ultimately paving the way for carbon neutrality.Graphical

ALS-Based, Automated, Single-Tree 3D Reconstruction and Parameter Extraction Modeling

The 3D reconstruction of point cloud trees and the acquisition of stand factors are key to supporting forestry regulation and urban planning. However, the two are usually independent modules in existing studies. In this work, we extended the AdTree method for 3D modeling of trees by adding a quantitative analysis capability to acquire stand factors. We used unmanned aircraft LiDAR (ALS) data as the raw data for this study. After denoising the data and segmenting the single trees, we obtained the single-tree samples needed for this study and produced our own single-tree sample dataset. The scanned tree point cloud was reconstructed in three dimensions in terms of geometry and topology, and important stand parameters in forestry were extracted. This improvement in the quantification of model parameters significantly improves the utility of the original point cloud tree reconstruction algorithm and increases its ability for quantitative analysis. The tree parameters obtained by this improved model were validated on 82 camphor pine trees sampled from the Northeast Forestry University forest. In a controlled experiment with the same field-measured parameters, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) and coefficients of determination (R2s) for diameters at breast height (DBHs) and crown widths (CWs) were 4.1 cm and 0.63, and 0.61 m and 0.74, and the RMSEs and coefficients of determination (R2s) for heights at tree height (THs) and crown base heights (CBHs) were 0.55 m and 0.85, and 1.02 m and 0.88, respectively. The overall effect of the canopy volume extracted based on the alpha shape is closest to the original point cloud and best estimated when alpha = 0.3.

A stringent failure: Regulators do not use available tools to protect aquatic ecosystems from clearcut forestry impacts in New Zealand

Effective regulation of land-use activities in steepland areas is crucial to protect downstream ecologies and human life as intense rainfall disturbances become more frequent globally. In Aotearoa New Zealand extensive synchronous clear-cutting of Pinus radiata monocultures on steep convergent landforms, and associated earthworks, causes ongoing accelerated erosion, excessive sedimentation, and debris-laden landslides after adverse weather events. This study examines the implementation of national forestry regulations established in 2018, which also enable regional councils to create more stringent rules to protect aquatic ecosystems. All sixteen councils were surveyed in 2021 and 2022 for stringency in planning provisions; and four regions seriously affected by Cyclone Gabrielle in 2023 were resurveyed in 2024. The cyclone caused loss of human life and calamitous damage to housing, infrastructure, and productive land uses from floods exacerbated by clearcut logging debris. All councils had administratively adopted the national regulations into their existing freshwater and coastal resource management plans. Twelve councils retained existing rules that conflicted with the regulations, but these rules do not protect all regionally significant aquatic ecosystems nor minimise landslide risks. No council, except Gisborne, had instigated the expensive and lengthy statutory resource management plan change process, nor taken a ‘strategic and principled’ approach to develop more stringent regulations, such as tougher restrictions on clear-cutting, earthworks, and replanting on steep erosion-prone convergent landforms to protect aquatic ecosystems and vulnerable communities. The government did tighten the management of logging debris after the cyclone, but the national regulations remain ineffective in addressing clear-cut practices maladaptive to intense rainfall and continue to permit replanting on convergent landforms. The regulations need urgent amendment to require councils to develop and implement a strategic and principled approach to stringency to better protect aquatic ecosystems, human life, economic livelihoods, and public infrastructure. Water quality monitoring is also currently inadequate, as no council systematically monitors the effects of forestry activities on sedimentation rates, which inhibits the ability to compare across and between regions. Foresters are not required to monitor water quality, which also stymies assessments of compliance and policy effectiveness. Councils regularly monitor rivers, lakes, and estuaries, but rarely the effects of individual land uses. This means that sediment or other contaminants cannot be parsed to different land use activities, undermining attempts to set catchment limits. It can also take decades at current monitoring levels to defensibly show any water quality improvements after changes to land use regulations. The current environmental limits approach of setting individual water quality attribute targets is highly unlikely to drive changes to maladaptive and ecologically degrading land uses. A new environmental management approach is needed that prohibits or effectively constrains hazardous and adverse activities.

Potential of Bayan Indigenous Peoples in Obtaining Customary Forest Management Rights in North Lombok Regency

In Bayan Village, West Nusa Tenggara, there are four customary forest areas that have the potential to be developed through the Customary Forest scheme. This scheme is part of the Social Forestry Program which provides access and forest management rights to indigenous communities. The four forests are currently being managed by the indigenous peoples but have not yet been granted the status of customary forest. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of the Bayan indigenous community to acquire forest management rights under the Customary Forest scheme. The research employed a normative-empirical approach. The results indicate that the Bayan indigenous peoples meets all the criteria in the Government Regulation No. 23 of 2021 on the Implementation of Forestry and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 9 of 2021 on Social Forestry Management. The Bayan indigenous peoples is eligible to be designated as a Customary Law Community by the Regent of North Lombok and to obtain Customary Forest management rights from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This potential is supported by two factors: (1) the potential for forest and tourism development; and (2) the potential for well-maintained local wisdom.

Evaluating The Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment In the Reusable Packaging Industry: A Case Study of ALNER’S WWTP In Indonesia

The widespread use of single-use plastic packaging has become a significant environmental issue, particularly in the Global South. This study examines the innovative approach of the startup Alner, which employs a combination of electrochemical treatment and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology in its wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to manage wastewater generated from the cleaning of reusable packaging. Wastewater samples were collected before and after treatment, and analyzed for key parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), oil and grease, ammonia, surfactants, and phosphates. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in all measured pollutants, with COD reduced by 99.58% and BOD5 by 99.56%. Post-treatment values for all parameters were well within the regulatory limits set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P68/MenLHK/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016. This study underscores the potential of reuse models in reducing single-use plastic waste and highlights the importance of effective wastewater treatment in maintaining environmental sustainability. Alner's approach provides a scalable and environmentally friendly solution, setting a benchmark for similar initiatives in the industry, and supports the feasibility and sustainability of integrating advanced wastewater treatment technologies in the reusable packaging sector, offering a comprehensive solution to plastic pollution.

Circular Economy Principles in the Regulatory Oversight of the Management of By- Products – Case Study: Tin Slag 2

The tin processing industry generates abundant slag, as a by-product, that contains radioactive substances from uranium and thorium decay series radionuclides. The increase in tin production will be proportional to the rise in tin slag. The Circular economy is a concept that aims to minimize the extraction of primary resources, keep resources as long as possible, increase added value, or limit the final disposal of waste. The concept of reuse, recycling, or reprocessing is part of the concept. This paper aims to identify aspects of the existing regulations in Indonesia that support circular economy principles in the management of by-products, such as tin slag 2. The methodology used in this paper is a literature study of regulations, international recommendations, and related research. Based on the measurements of tin slag 2 samples originating from Bangka Belitung Province, the main chemical constituents based on XRF analysis are SiO2, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, and TiO2. The activity concentration of a tin slag 2 sample showed a value that exceeded the criterion of 1 Bq/gram for the radionuclides in the uranium and thorium decay series. From a material perspective, tin slag 2 can be reused or recycled for specific purposes. Various studies have proven the performance of tin slag 2 as a partial substitution of fine aggregate or cement in manufacturing mortar or concrete. The identification shows that several existing regulations in Indonesia explicitly and implicitly regulate the provisions of the circular economy concept. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regulations, by-products with activity concentrations of less than 1 Bq/gram can be used as raw material, raw material substitution, energy source substitution, and other uses. Meanwhile, the by-products with activity concentrations of more than 1 Bq/gram are challenging as the provisions of by-products with a value of more than 1 Bq/gram are regulated in BAPETEN Regulation No. 16 of 2013 (currently in the revision stage). BAPETEN Regulation No. 16 of 2013 explains that by-products can be utilized for certain activities. However, the regulation must explain the terms and criteria for reusing by-products. Provisions of by-product processing, as stipulated in GR No. 52 of 2022, are limited to extracting nuclear minerals such as uranium and thorium. So, the meaning of processing in GR No. 52 of 2022 and provisions for reuse previously contained in BAPETEN Regulation No. 16 of 2013 have different meanings. Keywords: circular economy, by-product, tin, slag 2, radioactive substances, nuclear minerals

Studi Pelaksanaan PROPER Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Periode 2016-2020 di Provinsi Bengkulu

One of the government's efforts to monitor and protect the environment is through the Company Performance Rating Assessment Program in Environmental Management (PROPER), which is the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's flagship program to encourage industry compliance with environmental regulations. The implementation of PROPER has been regulated in the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 1 of 2021 concerning the Company Performance Rating Assessment Program in Environmental Management. This research was conducted in Bengkulu City using secondary data through literature study media, journals, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's Decree regarding Proper for 2016-2020, regulations and legislation regarding environmental protection and management, the LHK regulation regarding PROPER. The results of the research conducted show that the implementation of Proper in Bengkulu Province has not shown maximum results during the last 5 (five) year period. Only 1 (one) company received the green title and the rest still received the blue, red and even black titles. The port, palm oil, rubber, coal mining and mineral subsector industries contributed the most to the red title, respectively.

LAHAN BASAH BUATAN UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH GREY WATER MENGGUNAKAN SALVINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA

Household wastewater consists of 80% grey water and 20% black water. The decline in water quality can have adverse impacts on well-being. Constructed wetland is an engineered system designed to harness the ecological principles of natural wetlands to address water pollution issues. The Free Water Surface system within the constructed wetland involves the flow of water on the surface. An appropriate plant example for use in a constructed wetland is Salvinia rotundifolia. Plant acclimatization was carried out for 12 days. The reactor operation continued for 12 days using a continuous system. The percentage removal of parameters in the constructed wetland reactor were as follows: COD 23.40-84.38%, BOD 37.93-72.73%, TSS 43.24-85%, phosphate 59.47-65%, and nitrate 10.99-31.08%. The values of areal removal rate constant (kA) and volumetric removal rate constant (kV) for the constructed wetland reactor were as follows: for COD, 1.48-3.75 m/day and 0.80-22.28 /day; for BOD, 1.70-3.73 m/day and 1.43-15.59 /day; for TSS, 2.11-8.83 m/day and 1.70-22.77 /day; for phosphate, 1.40-6.61 m/day and 2.89-11.20 /day; and for nitrate, 0.18-2.32 m/day and 0.58-1.54 /day. This study demonstrates that the constructed wetland reactor with Salvinia rotundifolia plants achieves removal efficiencies of up to 85%, thus meeting the standards set by the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 68 of 2016 regarding Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards.

The Constitutional Court and Forest Tenure Conflicts in Indonesia

With regard to access to land and forest resources, forestry legislation maintains an imbalance between the state, corporations, and local communities. Since the colonial era, forestry regulation has facilitated restrictions on the ability of local communities to benefit from land and forest resources, while also concentrating power in the hands of the state. To uphold state ownership, forestry law criminalizes customary practices, putting local communities at risk. In this sense, conflicts between local communities, corporations, and government agencies arise because of structural issues in the legal framework of laws and regulations that undermine the land rights of local communities. The establishment of the Constitutional Court in Indonesia in 2003 has enabled local communities and NGOs to challenge the Forestry Law. They use the Constitutional Court to support the resolution of forestry tenure conflicts. This article examines the extent to which the Constitutional Court can contribute to the resolution of forest tenure conflicts through judicial review of forest laws. This article discusses twelve Constitutional Court decisions regarding judicial review of the Forestry Law and the Law on Forest Destruction Prevention and Eradication. We found that the Constitutional Court has made a positive contribution to addressing the deficiency of forest legislation regarding local and customary land rights. The implementation of Constitutional Court’s ruling is not, however, a matter of self-implementation. The ruling of the Constitutional Court will only have significance if it is continuously promoted by various stakeholders in support of forest tenure reform to facilitate the resolution of forest tenure conflicts.

Diversity of bird in Timbanuh Hiking Track, Gunung Rinjani National Park, Lombok, Indonesia

Timbanuh Hiking Track is one of the hiking tracks in Gunung Rinjani National Park. This track has four types of potential habitats for birds. This research aims to map bird diversity and their distribution along the Timbanuh Hiking Track. Data collection uses the point count method. Observations were carried out eight times, with a repetition period of two weeks. Bird diversity was analyzed using the Shannon Wiener Diversity Index. Scatterplots are used to map the distribution of birds along hiking track. The results show that on the Timbanuh Hiking Track there are 46 species of birds belonging to 29 families, with a high species diversity index of 3.52. The distribution of bird species is closely related to the four types of habitats on the track. There are four species of birds that are protected based on Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.106 of 2018, as well as two species with Near Threatened status according to IUCN. The high diversity of birds, the existence of protected bird species, and the threatened status of birds mean that conservation efforts need to be increased by developing bird habitats along hiking track.

Regulatory Intensity on Private Forestland and its Relationship with State Characteristics in the United States

Though the federal government impacts private forest management across the United States through legislation such as the Clean Water Act, state-level regulations applied to private forest landowners vary remarkably. Despite this diversity of policies, little is known about how variations in regulatory intensity (defined here as number of forestry regulations) correlate with state-level political and socioeconomic characteristics. In this study, we use a quantitative approach to explore the intensity of regulation on forest practices impacting private landowners across all 50 states. We quantified intensity by tabulating the number of regulated forest practices, then used a quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the relationship between regulatory intensity and state-level characteristics, including forestland ownership types, the economic importance of the forest industry, and measures of state environmentalism. Results indicated a positive association between regulatory intensity and the percent of private corporate land, environmental voting records of elected officials, and direct democracy. Foresters and landowners may learn from these relationships, consider how to influence different policies, and build or achieve greater levels of public trust. This study starts to help us explain why state-level forestry policies differ, not just how they differ.

Sosialisasi Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perlindungan Tumbuhan Dan Satwa Liar untuk Mendukung Pengelolaan Hutan Desa Tuwung

Background: The highly biodiverse Tuwung Village Forest has been the site of a productive collaboration between the village community and the government in an effort to manage a sustainable environment. The unique and rare flora and fauna in this forest have benefited significantly from this collaboration. Populations of rare species have increased, and disturbed ecosystems have also experienced significant recovery. The main objective of this collaboration is to maintain the sustainability of the environment and natural resources in Tuwung Village in line with applicable regulations, especially the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 106. Method: Assistance using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method has been adopted in the implementation of PLHD management socialization in Tuwung Village. Result: The results of the analysis show that the participants, namely the managers of KPHD Tuwung, have achieved a very good level of understanding regarding various key aspects, such as the role and function of the area protection and security section (95%), area patrol scheme (98%), animal protection status (100%), data collection and reporting (90%), and animal release (100%). Conclusion: The high level of enthusiasm from the participants reflects their commitment to implementing PLHD management concepts, which are expected to contribute significantly to sustainable environmental conservation in Tuwung Village.

Сохранение видового разнообразия растений при лесопользовании в ключевых биотопах Вологодской области

A reduction in the number of biological species can cause a loss of the integrity of the biosphere and its ability to maintain the most important characteristics of the natural environment. Therefore, scientific research and the development of practical recommendations in the field of conservation of biological diversity in forest management are currently of particular relevance. Measures to preserve biodiversity in forest management are reflected in the rules of timber harvesting, forestry regulations of forestries and forest development projects. The conservation of biological diversity in the course of logging operations is provided by allocating key biotopes – forest plots of a certain area, especially significant as habitats for rare species of animals and plants. The analysis of the Red Book of the Vologda Region showed that 29 % of rare species are confined to forest areas along watercourses. The study has been conducted at stationary sites within the boundaries of the Vologda Forestry of the Vologda Region (the Southern taiga area of the European part of the Russian Federation), represented by clear cuttings of 2018–2019 with the preserved key biotopes – forest areas along temporary water bodies. The average values for the plantations have been obtained on the basis of the materials from allotment and taxation of the cutting areas before felling. The work has been based on silvicultural and taxation, as well as ecological and biological methods of field evaluation and desk assessment. During the field studies (2023) in the key biotopes, a tally has been carried out by tree species, their diameters at chest height and categories of sanitary condition, with the determination of the average taxation indicators of the stands. The soils and the botanical composition of the live ground cover have been described. The species diversity and abundance of plant species in the key biotopes, as well as in the adjacent areas – in the cuttings and in the stands – have been determined. A higher number of species of taiga flora and the presence of rare plant species in the key biotopes, in contrast to the cuttings, have been established, which indicates the need to preserve the key biotopes during logging operations. Within the boundaries of the key biotopes studied, the average number of plant species in the buffer zone exceeds the number of species in the core of the biotope, the differences are statistically significant. Therefore, in the process of allotment of cutting areas, in addition to the allocation of the central part, or the core of the biotope, it is necessary to preserve a buffer zone as the area with the largest number of species.

Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe (RSUD HAMBA) Kabupaten Batanghari

Regional General Hospital Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe (RSUD HAMBA) Batanghari Regency is included in the ten hospitals that produce the most solid medical waste in 2021. In 2022, 115,781 kg of waste is generated, consisting of 14,425 kg of infectious solid waste and 14,425 kg of non-infectious waste 101.356 kgs. If the increase in medical waste is not addressed and managed seriously, it will cause massive environmental degradation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management of solid medical waste (Sorting and Container, Transportation, Storage and Processing) and develop a solid medical waste management strategy at HAMBA Hospital in Batanghari Regency according to Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/2015. The process of sorting and container has been separated directly from the waste producer, transportation and storage are transported by special officers (Cleaning Service) and stored in the temporary storage area (TPS) of B3 waste. Processing using its own incinerator which already has a permit. The strategy for managing solid medical waste at HAMBA Hospital in Batanghari Regency with a SWOT analysis, namely, establishing cooperation with other hospitals and health centers, providing education and training budgets for management officers and operators to obtain B3 waste management competency certification.

Perlindungan Harimau Sumatera Menurut Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora (Cites) 1963

Introduction: The illegal trade in protected animals is increasing in places where laws are not respected, as if they weren't there. This is reflected in the decrease in the number of wildlife and the increase in the number of legal and illegal wildlife traders whose criminals do not face severe sanctions. The number of Sumatran tigers is decreasing, reaching around 400 individuals. In various parts of Sumatra, these endangered and protected animals continue to be hunted and traded for their organs. Apparently, in the near future, they succeeded in capturing or blocking the Medan tiger skin trade.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to know and understand the Regulations regarding the protection of endangered species based on the 1963 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Implementation of CITES 1963 in Indonesia to protect the Sumatran Tiger.Methods of the Research: Normative research method with the type of research is qualitative analysis. The problem approach used is the statute approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach. The sources of legal materials used are Primary legal materials, Secondary legal materials, and Tertiary legal materials and are used as a technique for collecting legal materials, then processing and analyzing legal materials through methods of interpretation, harmonization, systematic and legal discovery.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the arrangements regarding the protection of endangered species based on the 1963 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are that as a whole, CITES is a convention that applies as a general guide to regulate matters relating to trade of all kinds. Wild plants and animals that live in nature. Specifically regarding the protection of Sumatran tigers as implementation of CITES 1963 is the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 43 of 1978 concerning Ratifying the Convention On International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Natural Resources, Biology and Their Ecosystems, Regulations Government Number 8 of 1999 Utilization of Wild Plants and Animals, Minister of Forestry Regulation Number P.42/Menhut-II/2007 concerning Sumatran Tiger Conservation Plans and Actions.

Residential heating, fuelwood demand and tree species: Implications for native forests in the South of Chile

This study compares revealed versus stated household fuelwood preferences for particular tree species, explores the underlying factors, and discusses the implications for native forests. We used a cross-sectional survey of over 550 fuelwood consumers spanning rural areas to small, medium and large cities in the Los Lagos region of Chile conducted in 2020. We employed the Generalized Ordered Logit Model (GOLOGIT) and Multinomial Logit Model of household choice of major tree species for fuelwood. Our results show a significant misalignment between revealed and stated tree species preferences. Household tree species preferences for fuelwood is determined by fuel-value index (FVI), household expenditure, awareness of the relationship between fuelwood production and deforestation, and spatial heterogeneity. Household expenditure, as a proxy of family income, leads to selection of higher FVI tree species, though it is dependent on forest location and accessibility as well. As particular native species are those with high FVI, this implies a possible relationship between household income and native forest degradation that needs to be further explored. At the same time, awareness of deforestation is correlated with households buying the more abundant but less preferred species of fuelwood. These results point to potential impacts on native forests in Southern Chile, which will vary according to tree species´ ecological characteristics, their regeneration potential, and harvesting methods used. Current policies incentivizing better thermal insulation of homes would allow people to use more abundant non-preferred tree species for fuelwood. These findings point to a need for continued research on how improved energy and forestry regulations can support more sustainable fuelwood consumption decisions within local fuelwood markets and better assessments of forest impacts of such policies.

Conservation status of flora and fauna in the nickel mining area of PT Hengjaya Mineralindo

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a high level of biodiversity from the sea to the mountains. Likewise, the island of Sulawesi has a variety of endemic flora and fauna with an extraordinary level of endemicity. This rich flora and fauna face various threats that cause ecosystem degradation. This research is intended to review the level of flora and fauna status in the Sulawesi region, especially in the PT Hengjaya Mineralindo mining area in Bungku Pesisir and Bahodopi District, Central Sulawesi. Based on observations in areas with code HA WD 06, HA Pit Central, HA Arboretum 1 and HA Arboretum 2 areas, it was found that some flora and fauna were categorized as being in conservation status by Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P 106 Concerning Protected Plants and Animals, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Thus, the company will always strive to encourage ecological succession to achieve ecosystem stability in the future through sustainable practices.

Peat mapping on a scale of 1:50,000 in oil palm plantation land, at the peat hydrological unit in Musi Banyuasin Regency and the implications of its use

Oil palm cultivation on peatlands, one of which must be guided by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.10/2019 concerning Determination and Management of Peat Dome Based on Peat Hydrological Units (KHG). This paper aims to study the results of peat mapping on a scale of 1:50,000 in several KHGs associated with regulations for managing the Peat Ecosystem. The results on a scale of 1: 50,000 in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra show that in the Sembilang -Lalan River KHG of an area of 6,973 ha, only 414 ha or 5.94% is peat soil. In the Lalan-Bentayan River KHG covering an area of 4,976 ha, no peat soil was found. In the Bentayan -Penimpahan River KHG covering an area of 8,025 ha, only 245 ha (3.05%) is peat soil. The mapping results show that even though an area is declared a KHG, it does not necessarily contain peat soil. Based on this, it is necessary to revise the location of the KHG-KHG, especially in South Sumatra based on the results of peat mapping. Thus, the rules regarding the management of oil palm plantations in these locations must be adjusted to the results of the 1:50,000 scale survey.

Car service station wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation technology

Efforts to prevent environmental pollution due to wastewater produced by car service station can be carried out using electrocoagulation technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of electrocoagulation technology for treating car service station wastewater. This research is an experimental study conducted in a car workshop at PT Jaya Indah Motor Jambi City. The electrocoagulation machine used an Automatic PLC System WWTP 350 L with total dimensions of 1200 x 1200 x1700 mm, power 380Volt/20A (Stanby Steady State). Researchers compared the research data with the wastewater quality standards contained in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.68.MENLHK/Setjen/KUM/.I/8/2016. The results showed that the final value of the parameters of the treatment results using electrocoagulation had met the wastewater quality standards (TSS 19.75 mg/L; pH 6.92; BOD 8.46 mg/L; COD 25.07 mg/L; oil and fat 2.75 mg/L; and ammonia 7.12 mg/L).

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ И ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ ЛЕСНОЙ ЗОНЫ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ КАК ПРЕДМЕТ ИХ МОНИТОРИНГА

This work is devoted to the analysis of the state and use of land and natural resources of the forest zone of the Omsk region, their potential and the possibility of use in various spheres of life. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the importance of taking into account all the benefits of the forest, since the forest fund currently appears not only as a natural resource and a factor of production, but also as an important object of forestry business and a valuable strategic resource, the presence and diversity of which determines the success of the development of many spheres of life. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of land and natural resources of the forest zone of the Omsk region. When studying the state and use of land and natural resources, an analysis of the general condition of the object was carried out, taking into account the use of statistical, cartographic and other materials. The study was based on the following materials: territorial planning documents, forestry regulations of forestry enterprises that are part of the forest zone of the Omsk region, the forest plan of the Omsk region, data from the state forest register, reports on the state and use of land, documents of the socio-economic development strategy, as well as publicly available information on the Internet, cartographic materials. In this study, methods of system analysis, analysis-synthesis, comparison were used.