The results of the theoretical and experimental studies of the ignition processes of a new class of fuel: bio-water-coal (Bio-WCF) have been presented. The latter has been a water-coal suspension with the addition of 10% leaf or coniferous litter of various tree species, as well as charcoal.It has been established that the addition of biomass to the structure of a water-coal suspension leads to a decrease in the ignition delay time (tign) by 30% under conditions of relatively low oxidizing temperatures. It has been established that when drops of fuel are heated with the addition of charcoal before ignition, dispersion occurs.A mathematical model of the process of ignition of a complex structured bio-water-coal suspension has been developed. According to the results of a numerical simulation, the ignition delay times have been established. A comparative analysis of the theoretical and experimental values of tign has shown their good agreement.Based on the results of the experimental and theoretical studies, the possibility of a significant reduction in the ignition delay time of water-coal suspensions with the introduction of biomass in their structure has been substantiated.