Foothill Areas Research Articles

Application Of Water-Saving Technologies In Gardening Uzbekistan

As a result, existing water shortages in Uzbekistan eliminate the negative consequences arising, effective and rational use of water and land resources, the use of water-saving technologies in irrigation of crops helps to save water and other resources up to 35-50%. The development of horticulture and viticulture increases the efficiency of land use in mountain and foothill areas, at the same time satisfies the need for fruits and grapes of the local population, and also serves as the main foundation of the domestic market with cheap enrichment and quality products.

Assessment of the Botanical Origin of Polish Honeys Based on Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Components with Chemometric Analysis.

Is it possible to characterize the types of honey based on their chemical composition, their content of bioactive substances, and their physicochemical properties? The objective of this study was a comparative analysis of four types of honey from the Carpathian Foothills area, located in south-east Poland, based on the content of the main phenolic acids and proline, the mineral composition, and selected physicochemical properties. Most analyses, such as those of phenolic acids, sugars, and proline content, in honey samples were performed using chromatographic methods. These experiments demonstrated that honeydew honeys were the richest in phenolic acids, minerals, as well as oligosaccharides, compared to other honeys. Dark-colored honeys were characterized by the highest proline content. The dominant elements in all types of honey were potassium and calcium. The results of the present study show that analyses of specific phenolic acids, minerals, proline, and sugar content, in combination with chemometrics analysis, may successfully differentiate between the biological origins of honey samples and allow the preliminary verification of the samples before performing time-consuming pollen analysis.

Simulation of scattered seismic surface waves on mountainous onshore areas: Understanding the “ground roll energy cone”

The accurate simulation of seismic surface waves on complex land areas requires elastic models with realistic near-surface parameters. The SEAM Phase II Foothills model, proposed by the SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM) Corporation, is one of the most comprehensive efforts undertaken by the geophysics community to understand complex seismic wave propagation in foothills areas. However, while this model includes a rough topography, alluvial sediments, and complex geologic structures, synthetic data from the SEAM consortium do not reproduce the qualitative characteristics of the scattering energy that is generally interpreted as the “ground roll energy cone” on shot records of real data. To simulate the scattering, a near-surface elastic model in mountainous areas ideally must include the following three elements: (1) rough topography and bedrock, (2) low-velocity layer, and (3) small-scale heterogeneities (size approximately Rayleigh wavelength). The SEAM Foothills model only includes element (1) and, to a lesser extent, element (2). We represent a heterogeneous near surface as a random medium with two parameters: the average size of the heterogeneities and fractional fluctuation. A parametric analysis shows the influence of each parameter on the synthetic data and how similar it is compared to real data acquired in a foothills area in Colombia. We perform the analysis in the shot gather panel and dispersion image. Our study shows that it is necessary to include the low-velocity layer and small-scale distributed heterogeneities in the shallow part of the SEAM model to get synthetic data with realistic scattered surface-wave energy.

Sedimentological-Geochemical Data Based Reconstruction of Climate Changes and Human Impacts from the Peat Sequence of Round Lake in the Western Foothill Area of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania

This paper presents the results of comparative sedimentological and geochemical analysis of the mire at Sânpaul, Round Lake (Kerek-tó). The palaeoecological site is situated in the western foothill area of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the accumulation of major and trace elements in a 7500 year-long peat and lake deposition. The concentrations of 13 elements were determined by using handheld XRF. This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary study, for which the principal aims were to examine the long-term relationship between land degradation in the Homoród Hills using various palaeoecological techniques, primarily comparative geochemical analyses. The PCA of elemental concentrations suggests that Round Lake is mainly controlled by the input of inorganic mineral matter and the LOI550 of peat. However, some elements are influenced by biological processes of vegetation and groundwater. Geohistorical studies compared with vegetation changes and elemental distribution helped the detection of erosion phases in the level of 12 prehistoric cultures.

Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Antioxidant Constituents of Thymus Serpyllum L Grown in Different Climatic Conditions of Uttarakhand Himalayas

In-vitro antioxidant activity of therapeutically important plant Thymus serpyllum L. grown at different altitudes viz. foothill areas, lower Himalayan and higher Himalayan regions were evaluated against various radicals such as DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The antioxidant constituents like total phenols, flavonoids and total tannins were also evaluated in the present study. The results revealed that the alcoholic, as well as the aqueous extracts of the plant, showed significant antioxidant potential against all the radicals. Extracts obtained from different altitude cultivation showed variation in IC50 values. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts prepared from the plants grown at foothill areas (Haldwani) showed the highest DPPH (IC50: ALC-0.566 mg/ml; AQ- 0.778 mg/ml), ABTS (IC50: ALC- 0.484 mg/ml; AQ- 0.533 mg/ml) and reducing power (EC50: ALC- 0.29 mg/ml; 0.42 mg/ml) activities, followed by high altitude cultivated plants, (Auli), with moderate antioxidant activity. The extracts from mid-altitude cultivation (Pithoragarh) exhibited the least antioxidant potential. The results showed that the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly correlated to the antioxidant activity. Higher the value of phenolics (TS3: 12.63mg CE/g> TS1: 11.51 mg CE/g> TS2: 10.70 mg CE/g) and flavonoids (TS3: 9.30 mg QE/g> TS1: 9.07mg QE/g> TS2: 6.59mg QE/g) in the extracts, greater was the antioxidant activity. Therefore, T. serpyllum grown in foothill areas was more beneficial in preparing various herbal formulations.

Склеп с многократными погребениями III в. н.э. из могильника Опушки

The cemetery of Opushki is located at 15 km to the east of modern Simferopol, in the central area of the Crimean foothills. The site has been being excavated since 2003. So far more than 300 graves of various types have been uncovered. They belong to the Late Scythian, Middle Sarmatian, and Late Sarmatian archaeological cultures. There is one cremation complex appeared as a result of the Germanic migration to the Crimea. The complex under present publication belongs to a large group of burial vaults with a short dromos (entry corridor) of the Late Roman period; this type of crypts is found in various cemeteries of the Crimean foothills. Burial constructions of this type are associated with the mediaeval Alans’ ancestors who migrated to the Crimea from the North Caucasus. Although the earliest crypts featuring dromos appeared in the foothill area of the Crimean Peninsula in the first half of the 3rd century AD, most of burials in these constructions were made in the fourth century AD. Burial vault no. 158 has two interesting features. It contains multiple burials typical for the Late Scythian vaults of the 1st and the first half of the 2nd centuries. Such a phenomenon is encountered for the first time in the Late Roman vault. According to the analysis of the grave goods, the complex under study is one of the earliest or even the earliest short-dromos vault discovered in the Crimea. It was constructed in the second half (or at the end) of 2nd or very early 3rd century AD and was in use throughout the first half of the 3rd century. The results of research of this burial construction supply new materials for the solution of highly disputable problem of the Crimean vaults with short dromos origin and of the reconstruction of ethnic processes in the Crimea in the Late Roman period.

Clinicopathological study of solitary thyroid nodule in Kolhan belt of Jharkhand

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered in our daily practice and specially in countries like India and Nepal (foothill areas). There are variety of lesions that can arise within thyroid gland. In such scenario it is important to diagnose neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions accurately with minimum complications so that proper management can be done as early as possible. The aim of the study was to know clinical spectrum of solitary thyroid nodules and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology as compared to histopathological examination.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted our study over a period of 21 months from July 2018 to March 2020. 74 patients who gave consent and presented with solitary thyroid swelling were included in the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, cases mostly presented in the age group of 31-40 years with a female preponderance. Colloid goiter was the most common pathology which presented as solitary thyroid nodule. Among neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the most common benign neoplasia with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common malignancy. FNAC had sensitivity of 78%, specificity-100%, positive predictive value-100%, negative predictive value-88% and diagnostic accuracy-92%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Majority of solitary thyroid nodules are found in females of middle age group. In our study we found FNAC as valuable diagnostic tool specially in benign cases.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p> </p>

PREVALENCE OF TOXOCARIASIS AMONG DOGS OF DIFFERENT PURPOSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

This article provides data on research work on the identification of toxocariasis among dogs of various purposes in the Republic of Tajikistan. The specified geohelminthiasis is of actual importance not only in the veterinary industry, but also in medical practice, which is associated with the prevention of the risk of the spread of these diseases among people. We have found that the infection rate of toxocariasis in herd dogs was in 73.4% of cases in the plains, and in 80.6% of cases in the foothill areas, and the highest rate was in the Rudaki area – 77.8% of cases. In all farms, in which the dogs were mostly free, only a small part of them were kept on a leash. It should be noted that we were unable to establish data on the registration and regulation of the number of dogs for various service purposes, which remain homeless in many cases. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the eggs of the studied helminths in the body of dogs aged 2 to 6 months in the summer go to the sexually mature stage after 47–48 days from the moment of exposure, and among dogs aged 2.5 to 8 years this indicator is 58–63 days.

Temporal and seasonal changes in mercury accumulation in Tatra chamois from West Carpathians.

The main aim of this study was to determine the concentration of total mercury (T-Hg) in different tissues, hair, and faeces from a long-lived animal that actively lives in the subalpine and alpine zone within temperate climate zone throughout the year. Levels of T-Hg in samples from naturally deceased Tatra chamois (n = 72) from the Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) were determined using direct mercury analyses on the basis of dry weight. The mercury concentrations in hair samples were compared over the last three decades. Seasonal changes in mercury concentration and differences in the amounts of mercury in various tissues, hairs, and faeces between age and sex groups were also studied. The highest mercury concentrations in organs were found in the kidneys of Tatra chamois, with mean values of 0.45 ± 0.07 μg/g (dry weight) for adults (n = 18) and 0.39 ± 0.12 μg/g (dry weight) for juveniles (n = 6). These values are considerably high compared to expected Hg levels in wild ungulates from foothill and mountain areas in the temperate zone. Juveniles had higher levels of T-Hg in their muscles (0.011 ± 0.001 μg/g dry weight, n = 10) and faeces (0.189 ± 0.025 μg/g dry weight, n = 7) when compared to adults that had 0.007 ± 0.001 μg/g dry weight of T-Hg in muscles (n = 29) and 0.113 ± 0.015 μg/g dry of T-Hg weight in faeces (n = 19). T-Hg concentrations in individual tissues (heart, kidney, liver, lungs, spleen, tongue, muscle, bone), hairs, and faeces were not significantly different between males and females. Mercury levels in the hair of Tatra chamois have increased significantly since the 1990s (median value of T-Hg: 0.025 μg/g dry weight) with the highest values presenting during the 2000s (0.029 μg/g dry weight). Since 2010 (0.016 μg/g dry weight), levels have declined when compared to those observed during the 1990s and 2000s. Therefore, we can conclude that T-Hg deposition in alpine areas of the Tatra Mountains shows a declining trend since the 2010s. T-Hg concentrations in the heart, muscle, and hair were higher in summer compared to winter. Seasonal changes in mercury concentrations are likely most related to the seasonal availability of food, but may also be related to moulting periods, and this correlation must be explored further.

ОБ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ ВЕГЕТАЦИОННОГО ИНДЕКСА NDVI В ПРЕДГОРНЫХ РАЙОНАХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА ПО ДАННЫМ СПУТНИКОВЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ

The study of long-term climatic changes is carried out based on the data of the normalized relative vegetation index NDVI, which is a characteristic of phytobiomass and is used to describe the ecological situation, the amount of contamination and productivity of land. This theoretical work is based on the statistical and mathematical processing of MODIS satellite data (EOS Terra, Aqua), with the help of which the temporal and spatial variations of the NDVI vegetation index for the southern regions of the Russian Federation are studied. Several regions were selected, which located in mountainous or foothill areas on the territory of the North Ossetia-Alania, located in the central part of the North Caucasus. For each region, 20-year data series were obtained, each point of which is the NDVI index averaged over two weeks. With the help of these data series, the annual behavior of the NDVI index and its long-term variation are investigated, which shows the shift of a favorable growing season to an earlier period of the year. The annual integral characteristic of the NDVI index was used, which characterizes the long-term changes in the vegetation index in the studied regions. A statistical analysis of the series of integral characteristics was carried out, the parameters of linear regression were determined. The behavior of these characteristics for the foothill and lowland regions of North Ossetia-Alania indicates the presence of long-term trends in the changing conditions of the growing season. For the southern regions of the Russian Federation, observational data show a relationship between trends in NDVI changes with a long-term improvement in climatic conditions for plant vegetation and changes in conditions during cold periods of the year. This factor should be taken into account in economic activities in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.

Caracterización de personas con enfermedad de chagas en el Centro de Salud Familiar Valle Los Libertadores y establecimientos dependientes en Putaendo

Introducción: La enfermedad de Chagas es una patología parasitaria crónica y sistémica; Chile tiene una incidencia de 11,6 por 100.000 habitantes, presentándose mayoritariamente en zonas rurales y precordilleranas. Putaendo es una comuna de la V región ubicada en una zona endémica, donde se desconoce la realidad epidemiológica actual de la enfermedad. El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar a los pacientes con Chagas inscritos en el Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) Valle Los Libertadores en Putaendo.
 Material y Métodos: El estudio tuvo un diseño transversal. Se incluyeron todos los registros de pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Chagas hasta el 30 de junio de año 2019, excluyéndose a pacientes fallecidos. Los datos fueron obtenidos de una base de datos anonimizada de dicho centro.
 Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de Chagas de 108 enfermos por 100.000 personas registradas vivas; 98 de sexo femenino y 56 masculino, con mayor frecuencia entre los 50-59 años. Respecto al Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA), los tramos A y B (las personas con menores ingresos) concentran la mayor cantidad de pacientes con Chagas (87%).
 Discusión: Si bien se pudo caracterizar a la enfermedad, siendo más prevalente en personas adultas, mujeres y de bajos recursos, se requieren más estudios para objetivar el real estado de salud de estos pacientes.

The Linear Pottery culture face vessel from the site Biskupice 18, southern Poland

This paper presents the stylistic analysis of a unique face vessel fragment, found at a recently excavated settlement of the Linear Pottery culture near Biskupice, located in the Carpathian foothill region in southern Poland. The evaluation is based on a multivariate analysis of the stylistic features of 130 human face vessels from 91 Central European Neolithic sites of the Linear Pottery culture and the Alföld Linear Pottery culture, and is conducted with the help of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The main objective of the research is to find the closest analogies of the Biskupice by tracking similarities between the manner of execution of the combination of facial elements and accompanying motifs appearing on the Biskupice vessel and on other depictions of the human face. This investigation also aims to make inferences about the chrono-cultural connections of the first agrarian societies in the area of the Carpathian foothills with other regions of the Linear Pottery world.

Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on Shallow Groundwater Conditions in Hungary

The purpose of the present study was to develop a methodology for the evaluation of direct climate impacts on shallow groundwater resources and its country-scale application in Hungary. A modular methodology was applied. It comprised the definition of climate zones and recharge zones, recharge calculation by hydrological models, and the numerical modelling of the groundwater table. Projections of regional climate models for three different time intervals were applied for the simulation of predictive scenarios. The investigated regional climate model projections predict rising annual average temperature and generally dropping annual rainfall rates throughout the following decades. Based on predictive modelling, recharge rates and groundwater levels are expected to drop in elevated geographic areas such as the Alpokalja, the Eastern parts of the Transdanubian Mountains, the Mecsek, and Northern Mountain Ranges. Less significant groundwater level drops are predicted in foothill areas, and across the Western part of the Tiszántúl, the Duna-Tisza Interfluve, and the Szigetköz areas. Slightly increasing recharge and groundwater levels are predicted in the Transdanubian Hills and the Western part of the Transdanubian Mountains. Simulation results represent groundwater conditions at the country scale. However, the applied methodology is suitable for simulating climate change impacts at various scales.

CONCENTRATIONS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN’S HAIR IN RURAL AREAS OF THE IRKUTSK REGION

Introduction: Monitoring of different elements in human biological samples is one of the promising areas of environmental health and medicine. Aim: To assess concentrations of trace element in hair of children - permanent residents of rural areas with different climatic and geochemical conditions in the Irkutsk region, South-Eastern Siberia. Methods: Altogether, 372 children aged 6-15 years took part in the study. Hair concentrations of three essential elements (zinc, copper and magnesium) and three toxic elements (mercury, lead and cadmium) were assessed by the atomic absorption method using AAS-240DUO spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). Data were presented using medians (Me) and interquartile ranges (Q1 - Q3) across the settings and age-groups. Results: The most pronounced deviations from the normal concentrations were observed for copper and magnesium. Concentration of copper in children's hair in the 7 areas varied between 3.48-6.15 pg/g. A half of the children of the Kazachinsky district had concentration of magnesium between 8.89-20.54 pg/g which is below the limit. Concentrations of zinc were greater in the northern districts of the region (212.89-308.52 pg/g) while in the foothill area a deficiency of zinc (53.01-66.21pg/g) was observed. An excessive levels of level of mercury were found in the Alarsky (0.66-2.30 pg/g), Balagansky (0.56-1.82 pg/g) and Katansky (0.34-1.20 pg/g) districts. An increased level of lead was observed in the Alarsky region (1.17-4.26 pg/g) while increased concentrations of cadmium were observed in the Katansky region (0.22-0.64 pg/g). Conclusions: Concentrations of essential and toxic elements in children's hair varied between the districts of the Irkutsk region. Our results warrant more biomonitoring research including variables on children's health particularly from the vulnerable groups.

Where Have the Native Grasses Gone?: What a Long-Term, Repeat Study Can Tell Us about California’s Native Prairie Landscapes

Much of the foothill and valley areas of coastal southern California are covered by stands of non-native grasses with occasional scattered patches of native bunch grasses. For decades, the dominant view held that these native bunchgrasses, particularly Stipa pulchra, once covered these lands and that grazing practices were a key cause of their decline. The so-called bunchgrass dominant paradigm (BDP) put forth by Clements influenced thinking on grassland ecology and biogeography for decades until it was discredited. Recent research suggests that grazing and related disturbances might have supported native bunchgrasses, but results are mixed and most studies cover only a short time frame. This research uses a long-term, repeat study design to analyze and compare data from three surveys of 15 permanent quadrats in La Jolla Valley, California, to determine changes in grassland cover over 34 years. A unique aspect of the study is that the site was selected by researchers precisely because it contained excellent ‘relic’ stands of Stipa pulchra (in accordance with the BDP) and the baseline study was conducted shortly after the area was released from grazing and placed under conservation management. We compared data on species frequency and percent cover collected using the same sampling routine for three periods: 1981, 1994, and 2015, to document the shifts in vegetation. We found that native grass cover decreased dramatically (especially on the valley floor), exotic grass cover fluctuated widely over time, while both native and exotic forb cover increased over time. The findings support the notion that prior grazing management practices may have supported the former stands of Stipa pulchra.

Морфометрический анализ рельефа бассейнов рек Kрыма с использованием ГИС

It is planned to develop projects of basin nature management for the Crimean peninsula. The characteristics of the relief within the river basins is an important stage in the pre-project justification. ArcGIS 10.5 is used for research. The tools of the subset “hydrology”, “Surface”, “Zonal”, “Algebra of maps” made it possible to create morphometric characteristics of the relief, and their visual representation in the GIS environment made it possible to establish spatial patterns and substantiate soil-water conservation measures. Shuttle radar topographic mission with a resolution of 3 arc seconds is selected as input data. Its resolution is consistent with the scale of the study. The morphometric analysis of the relief of 1534 different-order basin structures showed that the height of 64 % of the 3–6-order basins does not exceed 300 m; for them, five steps of vertical dissection of plain territories have been identified. 37 % of the basins are vertically divided into high-mountainous areas. In the plain part of Crimea, where deflationary processes are developed, the average slope steepness is 1°, basins with transversely straight longitudinal-straight slopes prevail, the linear boundaries on which can be rectilinear. In the foothill areas under conditions of agricultural use, soil deflation is added to the processes of water erosion caused by the presence of long slopes with a steepness of more than 3° with the values of the relief factor (LS) exceeding 2, and in some agricultural basins the average value of the relief factor is close to the critical value—4.3. Transversely convex slopes prevail in these territories, here it is necessary to design contour linear boundaries. The density of the river network is on average—0.11 km/km2 in the mountainous part of Crimea, but due to climatic, geomorphological and soil conditions, the redistribution of sediments occurs in the upper link of the erosion network (more developed on the territory of the peninsula). the density of the river network does not exceed 0.2 km/km2 in the flat part of the Crimea. Morphometric analysis of the relief allows describing the hydrogeomorphology of the river basin, identifying the causes of erosion, and substantiating the functioning of ecosystems.

РОЛЬ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КЛЕЙКОВИНЫ У ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

The article analyzes the results of the studies to assess the role of weather conditions in the formation of gluten in spring wheat grain in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The researchers carried out the work based on the experiments conducted in the educational farm “Minderlinskoe” of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2013–2021. At the present stage in Siberia, it is not always possible to equate high yields with good grain qualities. More often, there is a negative trend. In years with heavy precipitation but with a small amount of heat, high grain yields are obtained but of reduced quality. In dry years, the farmers harvest low yields with a high gluten content in the grain. They hand over the most high-quality grain in arid steppe areas. It isn’t easy to get a grain of valuable wheat in the northern forest-steppe and foothill areas, although it is possible. In the research, the authors evaluated the varieties of soft spring wheat included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use, cultivated in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, for gluten content and its stability over the years. The relationships of this indicator with the temperature factor, the impact of moisture availability during the growing season, and its contribution to the amount of gluten in soft spring wheat are determined. The effect of the hydrothermal coefficient by month on the above feature is estimated. The researchers found that the quantitative average gluten content in the studied varieties ranges from 29 to 33%, and its maximum amount is formed in the varieties Novosibirsk 15 and Novosibirsk 29 reaching 35%. The study of correlations of gluten content in the grain of soft spring wheat with the heat supply of the growing season revealed a positive, favorable role between the amount of gluten and average monthly temperatures. The nature of the relationship between precipitation and this sign was negative.

The problem of rational use and protection geological environment of southwestern uzbekistan in hydromeliorative construction

Southwestern Uzbekistan in Central Asia is distinguished by a peculiar geological and tectonic structure, relief, hydrogeological conditions, composition and properties of rocks, peculiarities of the course of exogenous geological processes. Irrigation and reclamation works in the formation of agricultural areas have significant and diverse effects on the geological environment of the region and cause qualitative and quantitative changes in engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions, which are manifested over large areas. The article presents the results of engineering-geological and hydrogeological surveys and studies, directions of changes in natural hydrogeological and engineering-geological conditions, characteristics and conditions of the geological environment of South-West Uzbekistan under the influence of individual irrigated areas, mountainous areas. and foothill areas. It also indicates what preventive measures need to be developed during engineering preparation for the development of the territory, and the conclusions are given.

Application of radiomonitor system in mountainous and mountainous territories of railway transport

This article is devoted to the development of a method for monitoring and monitoring the condition of mountain layers in mountainous and foothill areas on the basis of integrated sensors of optical fiber communication.

Properties and biological activity of rainfed gray soils formed in neogenic slopes in Uzbekistan

In Uzbekistan, along with gray soils formed in lyoss deposits, reddish soils formed in Neogene deposits are also widespread, which are distributed in mountainous and foothill areas. Reddish soils differ from gray soils formed in lyoss deposits by their appearance, genesis, and properties. The reddish-gray soils formed in the Neogene deposits are widespread in many parts of Uzbekistan and are subject to various levels of erosion. The reddish-brown soils formed in the Neogene deposits are mainly formed in the parent rocks that form a homogeneous lyoss soil, in some places these layers are very shallow and in the strata occur tertiary and calcareous loams, sands and conglomerates. The reddish-gray soils formed in the Neogene deposits are eroded to varying degrees as they are spread on different levels of slope. Erosion damages the fertile layer on the surface of the soil and reduces its fertility. Eroded soils are washed to varying degrees. Under the influence of the erosion process, the amount of humus and nutrients in the soil decreases sharply. Erosion processes adversely affect the mechanical composition, physical, agrochemical properties and biological activity of the soil. As a result, soil fertility decreases. For the soil to be fertile, it is necessary to maintain and increase the amount of humus and nutrients in it.