Abstract
In Uzbekistan, along with gray soils formed in lyoss deposits, reddish soils formed in Neogene deposits are also widespread, which are distributed in mountainous and foothill areas. Reddish soils differ from gray soils formed in lyoss deposits by their appearance, genesis, and properties. The reddish-gray soils formed in the Neogene deposits are widespread in many parts of Uzbekistan and are subject to various levels of erosion. The reddish-brown soils formed in the Neogene deposits are mainly formed in the parent rocks that form a homogeneous lyoss soil, in some places these layers are very shallow and in the strata occur tertiary and calcareous loams, sands and conglomerates. The reddish-gray soils formed in the Neogene deposits are eroded to varying degrees as they are spread on different levels of slope. Erosion damages the fertile layer on the surface of the soil and reduces its fertility. Eroded soils are washed to varying degrees. Under the influence of the erosion process, the amount of humus and nutrients in the soil decreases sharply. Erosion processes adversely affect the mechanical composition, physical, agrochemical properties and biological activity of the soil. As a result, soil fertility decreases. For the soil to be fertile, it is necessary to maintain and increase the amount of humus and nutrients in it.
Highlights
It is important to study the genesis, morphological features, mechanical composition, physical and agrochemical properties, the importance of biological and biochemical processes in soil fertility of reddish gray soils formed in Neogene deposits [1, 2]
We studied the specific morphological features, mechanical composition, physical and agrochemical properties, micronutrient content, and activity of protease and urease enzymes of rainfed gray soils formed in Neogene deposits
The color of the non-eroded soils formed in the Neogene deposits is gray-red, reddishbrown, the thickness of the humus layer is 65 cm, the mechanical composition is heavy sandy soil; the color of the eroded soils is reddish-brown, the thickness of the humus layer is 47 cm; The color of the soils washed away by erosion is reddish-brown, the thickness of the humus layer is 71 cm, as well as heavy sandy and light loam soils (Table 1 and Fig. 1)
Summary
It is important to study the genesis, morphological features, mechanical composition, physical and agrochemical properties, the importance of biological and biochemical processes in soil fertility of reddish gray soils formed in Neogene deposits [1, 2]. Organic residues of plants and various microorganisms in the soil are broken down under the influence of microelements, microbiological, biological and biochemical processes in it, and organic matter accumulates in the soil. The activity of biological processes in the soil is important in the growth and development of plants. The amount of micronutrients in rainfed gray soils formed in Neogene deposits, the effect of erosion processes on them, the interaction of micronutrients with enzymes, the activity of urease and protease enzymes in the soil vary depending on the season.
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