Food Security In Russia Research Articles

Угрозы продовольственной безопасности России и инструментарий импортозамещения

The issues of food security of national states have become particularly relevant in the modern era of global turbulence, when geopolitical threats have generated sanctions pressure, breaking production chains, including in the agricultural sector. In this regard, the issues of food sovereignty require the search for new instruments of state policy for its preservation. The article presents conceptual approaches to the study of food security, which made it possible to identify the basic factors of ensuring it, as well as the main categories of threats. Conducted analysis of the legal framework of the concept of food security and the main conditions for ensuring it in Russia made it possible to specify 4 main groups of threats and determine options for their prevention. The results obtained became the basis for proposing directions for increasing food security in Russia.

Современное состояние и тенденции развития сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации

Today, small forms of management in the Russian agro-industrial complex occupy a significant share in the structure of producers for certain groups of agricultural raw materials and food. Institutional transformations that have taken place over decades in the agro-industrial complex have shown the viability of such a form of organization as agricultural cooperation. The advantages that determine the competitiveness of cooperation include reducing transaction costs, economies of scale, increasing the share of rural producers in the final price of products, etc. Modern socio-economic trends dictate new conditions for the formation of food chains and the participation of economic entities in them. In this connection, there is an urgent need to analyze trends in the development of agricultural consumer cooperation. This will make it possible to determine strategic directions for development and justify relevant measures of state support for both small business forms themselves and the cooperative form of their organization. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze and substantiate the development trends of the institution of agricultural consumer cooperation, as the most important component of ensuring food security in Russia in modern conditions. Achieving this goal involves the use of general scientific methods of cognition (historical and logical, comparative and system-structural) and traditional methods of economic analysis. The trends in the development of the Institute of Agricultural Consumer Cooperation have been studied. A comprehensive analysis of the competitive advantages and weaknesses of small business forms in the agro-industrial complex was carried out. The potential for growth of the institution of agricultural consumer cooperation in the conditions of transformation of the socio-economic space has been identified. The experience of supporting agricultural cooperatives in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was studied. Measures of state support for the development of this institution that are relevant to current trends in economic development are substantiated. The results of the study and the conclusions drawn on their basis will be useful for supporting management decisions in the field of development of the agro-industrial complex, increasing the efficiency of planning and implementing state support for the small business sector in the agro-industrial complex

Анализ социально-экономического развития агропромышленного комплекса России

The article presents the main results of the analysis of the dynamics of the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of tightening economic sanctions by unfriendly countries against the Russian Federation, as well as identifies areas for improving the mechanisms of state support for agribusiness aimed at developing this area of economic activity and ensuring food security in Russia. The relevance of the topic of the publication is beyond doubt, since the socio-economic development and effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex determine the ability of the state to provide citizens with high-quality food, solve a number of social and demographic problems, as well as ensure Russia's food security in difficult foreign policy and foreign economic conditions.

Legal Aspects of Food Security from the Perspective of Genetics and Genomics

The current state of the legal support of food security in Russia is examined from the perspective of genetics and genomics. From a comparison of conventional and legal ideas about food security, priorities are identified and foundational principles analyzed. In contrast to earlier periods, the topic of food independence as a component of food security has received higher priority in more recent legal acts. As part of a balanced approach to prohibitions, permissions, and the imposition of controls in food security in the Russian Federation, the development of national genetic and genomic technologies should be taken into account. Future prospects for the development of food security legislation in the Russian Federation are considered. A proposition to legally formalize the principles of state policy at the level of the federal law is presented.

Современные тенденции и перспективы обеспечения населения России овощной продукцией

Abstract. Vegetables are an essential part of the population’s diet, a source of biologically active substances that play a significant role in a healthy diet and prevent the occurrence and development of diseases caused by micronutrient deficiency. The level of vegetable consumption is directly dependent on the level of regional self-sufficiency in these products. In this regard, it is of interest to analyze the volumes and structure of production and consumption of vegetables in different regions of the Russian Federation, which is an important task for ensuring healthy nutrition of the population and increasing the level of selfsufficiency of the country. Statistical data, scientific publications were analyzed and systematized, trends and progressive approaches to the topic under consideration were identified. The dynamics of vegetable consumption volumes was studied, and the compliance of consumption volumes with rational standards was assessed both in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the context of federal districts. The level of self-sufficiency of each region in agricultural products was assessed. Problematic regions have been identified and directions for increasing their self-sufficiency have been identified, such as an informed choice of types and varieties of vegetables; support and development of agricultural enterprises; improving the condition of soils, increasing their fertility; introducing new technologies and methods for growing vegetables, as well as improving infrastructure and access to markets. The results of the analysis will help identify the problems of each region and develop strategies to improve the situation in certain areas of the country. Recommendations for improving self-sufficiency in vegetables include both technological and organizational measures aimed at developing agriculture and improving product quality. These studies play an important role in ensuring food security in Russia and maintaining public health at a high level. Keywords: vegetable crops, vegetable growing, modern technologies, self-sufficiency, infrastructure, digitalization

Трансформация систем использования земель в регионах России

The article is devoted to the study of changes in land use systems in various regions and natural zones of Russia for the period from 2000 to 2022. Spatial and temporal patterns of transformation of land use systems within the main agricultural territory of Russia were identified and analyzed. Main directions and tendencies of changes in the areas of the main land and proportions of sown areas of main agricultural crops areconsidered. The dependence ofthetransformation of land usesystems onthe agrarianreforms ofthe 1990s has beenrevealed. Positivetrends were noted in increasing the territorial concentration of the main crops in areas with the most favorable natural conditions for their placement. In general, the changes in land use systems that occurred during the period under review contributed to the achievement of food security in Russia. The generalization of the identified spatial and temporal patterns made it possible to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing changes in land use systems and drawconclusions about ways to improve them in different types of the natural environment. The results of the studycan be used to substantiate management decisions in determining ways to improve the territorial organization of agriculture and the implementation of appropriate agricultural policies at both the federal and regional levels.

Objectives of Administration and State Support of the Agro-Industrial Complex in the Far Eastern Federal District in the Context of Ensuring Food Security in Russia

The article depicts an urgent problem of ensuring food security of Russia – development of agro-industrial complex in Far Eastern Federal District. An analysis of current condition of agro-industrial complex and measures of its support is conducted. The position on insufficiency of general and special measures to support the agro-industrial complex in the Far Eastern Federal District is expressed. Specific solutions to identified problems are proposed. The article features the positions of correspondent ministries of the Russian Federation, deputies of the State Duma, the opinions of scientists and experts, unique materials for further research and scientific and practical analysis of problems in administering the Far Eastern Federal District regions. The publication was prepared based on the materials of the round table “On adopted measures of special legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex development in the Far Eastern Federal District”, held by the Committee for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic on February 22, 2024.

Продовольственная безопасность Российской Федерации: проблемы и пути решения

Awareness of the essence and substantial components of food security in Russia has been subject to significant evolution. Starting from providing the population of the state with food while minimizing the import share of agricultural products. Then from self-sufficiency by key groups of agricultural products to an increase in food exports. At the same time, such an approach, despite the obvious significant positive changes, will not make it possible, as it is believed, to achieve food security in the Russian Federation in the circumstances, due to the fact that only in small situations there is a comprehensive view of understanding the essence of food security and the criteria characterizing it.

Risk Factor Analysis and Sustainability Assessment of AIC Development under Sanctions

The sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex is a priority task and a factor in ensuring food security in Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of transparency and limited existing ratings of agribusiness companies, the lack of consideration of the impact of sanctions, their consequences and the ability of companies to promptly reconfigure their business models. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to form a methodology for assessing the sustainability of the development of agribusiness companies in modern conditions. The presented methodology is based on the principles of prioritizing the impact of sustainable development criteria on competitive opportunities; availability of accessible information, its regularity and understandability for users; using the risk factor approach as a navigator for assessing competitive positions. The research methodology is based on an industry approach, followed by an assessment of the impact of identified risk factors on trends in production indicators, market share dynamics, efficiency of operating, financial and investment activities, and business development rates. To visualize the results, the method of constructing competitiveness polygons was used, which provides a clear assessment of the competitive advantages and management abilities of companies to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a situational approach to assessing the sustainability of the development of agribusiness companies, based on the impact of identified industry risk factors on business performance. Approbation of the methodology was carried out on the companies, which are participants in the credit ratings for the agro-industrial complex sector of national rating agencies accredited by the Bank of Russia. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development and adaptation of the methodology of sectoral analysis to the specifics and needs of the agro-industrial complex for the purpose of its sustainable development. The practical results are of value to the Ministry of Agriculture and private investors interested in an independent assessment of companies in order to minimize the risks of investing in sustainable development projects.

Monitoring and Regulating Food Prices is the Conceptual Foundation for the Sovereignization of Food Security in Russia: More on the Egg Problem and the Role of the State

This article contains the author’s reflections on the effectiveness and adequacy of the measures of the Russian state in assessing the situation and efficient intervention in regulating prices for the most important food products. The article was inspired by a very heated (and in fairness, unfortunately, unproductive) discussion in December last year of the explosive growth in prices for birds’ eggs and egg production. The article shows (based on the study and analysis of primary data and a number of expert assessments) some possible basic reasons for the growth of consumer prices for a food egg, which, however, can be extrapolated to food issues in general or separately by its types; the conclusions and proposals of the author of a conceptual nature regarding state regulation measures both in relation to the stabilization of the price situation in the Russian food market and the introduction of eff ective mechanisms of state support for commodity producers are given; formation of an integral system of price monitoring of food products is shown; systemic changes and additions in a number of regulatory legal acts and development and program documents of strategic planning are given.

Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности России на основе развития плодово-ягодного подкомплекса АПК

The article shows the importance of the development of the fruit and berry subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex for ensuring food security in Russia. Information is provided on the importance of fruits and berries in the structure of nutrition of the population. The analysis of the state of fruit and berry production in Russia in dynamics for 2000-2022 is carried out. The information basis of the study was the electronic databases of Rosstat, data from reviews of expert analytical centers. The analysis of the development of the industry was carried out using comparative, multilevel and spatial-temporal research methods. Significant shifts in the structure of imports and self-sufficiency of the food market with fruit and berry products were noted. The measures of state support for the development of horticulture and nursery production in the country in order to achieve import substitution are described.

Food Security and Climate Agenda

In the era of globalization and the global distribution of goods, including food, food security is not always adequately considered, especially in the so-called global North. This approach contrasts sharply with the climate agenda, which focuses on the existential side of food security. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports that almost 12% of the world’s population is severely food insecure; 29% is moderately or severely food insecure; almost one in three people in the world (2.37 billion) do not have access to adequate nutrition, and the prevalence of malnutrition has reached 9.8% in 2021. These negative trends existed long before the coronavirus pandemic, which only aggravated the situation, causing food insecurity levels to spike in 2020 (up 1.5% from 2019). Food security is closely intertwined with other global problems of modernity, in particular, with the problem of climate change on Earth. In this regard, Russia’s role as a leading exporter of agro-food products, especially wheat, is great. The article considers the relationship between food security problems and climate change, analyzes the evolution of understanding of the food security problem and approaches to its solution. The factors affecting the state of food security in Russia are examines separately.

Problems of national and international food security

The scientific article presents the results of a study of current problems that impede the provision of national and international food security in modern conditions of economic and political instability. Threat factors that form key problems of national and international food security are considered. The influence of global food market problems on ensuring national food security in Russia is analyzed.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА «ЗАТРАТЫ – ВЫПУСК» ДЛЯ ОБОСНОВАНИЯ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЕКТОВ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

The article contains a theoretical justification for the methods of intersectoral economics of the agri-food complex, based on the use of the author’s modification of input-output tables for the development and implementation of strategic projects to ensure food security in Russia. The key factors for sustainable growth of gross value added and final products in the country’s agri-food complex have been identified. A methodology has been developed for forecasting the vector of Russian food exports as a process with a high level of uncertainty. The influence of the spatial factor on the level and quality of food supply for the regional population has been revealed. The features of the matrices of direct and total cost coefficients have been studied, their relative stability in the medium term has been proven, opening up new opportunities for using the inputoutput method to justify strategic projects. A multi-level system of models is proposed, the basis of which is the inter-product balances of enterprises in the agri-food complex. The priorities for the structural modernization of the agri-food complex have been identified. The strategic directions for the development of institutions that ensure the growth of food consumption by the regional population are substantiated. Methodological recommendations have been developed for managing strategic projects to ensure the country’s food security in the context of new global challenges.

Стратегические ориентиры социально-экономического роста качества жизни и обеспечения качества питания населения

Abstract. The purpose is to form strategic guidelines for socio-economic growth of the quality of life and ensuring the quality of nutrition of the population. Methodology and methods. In the course of the study, both general and universal methods were used (sociological survey, ranking, systematization, classification and interpretation, analysis and synthesis), including the method of comparison in the development and justification of the relationship of life quality indicators with the quality of nutrition and the tasks of ensuring food security of Russia. Results. The article considers the evolution of approaches to the level and quality of life where the role and importance of a person in sustainable socio-economic development comes to the fore. The analysis of the approaches used by the international community to assess the quality of life made it possible to correlate indicators and indicators to the category of nutrition quality, as well as to build a relationship with the criteria and objectives of food security in Russia, enshrined in the Doctrine. The authors conducted a sociological survey among the urban and rural working-age population of the Sverdlovsk region to identify factors that form the conditions of the quality of life and the quality of nutrition. The scientific novelty consists in identifying and constructing a classification of the relationship between the criteria of the quality of life and the quality of nutrition with the tasks of food security in Russia. And also in the formation of an evidence base for the dependence of structural indicators of the level and quality of life in the hierarchy of values of a household and an individual.

Targeted financing of land reclamation works at agricultural enterprises: Accounting and reporting

Subject. This article discusses the issues of ensuring food security in Russia through improving the quality of agricultural land, which can be achieved through the implementation of reclamation measures on agricultural lands, the financing of which is performed through the provision of State aid. Objectives. The article aims to study the methodology of accounting for State aid to land reclamation works in agriculture, identify problems, and propose ways to solve them. Methods. For the study, I used a dialectical approach, observation, analysis and synthesis, comparison, as well as elements of the accounting method. Results. An analysis of the accounting of budget financing for land reclamation works reveals that different regulatory documents contain different methods. On the basis of this analysis, the article proposes a set of accounting records for State aid, as well as analytical accounts for accounting for budget financing for reclamation work performed for agricultural enterprises. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed system of analytical accounting and accounting records for accounting of State aid for land reclamation works in agriculture will improve the efficiency of control over the targeted use of allocated budget funds. The results of the study can be applied in the system of accounting and internal control of agricultural organizations.

Digital transformation of agricultural business processes in the system of factors ensuring food security in Russia

The article examines the concept of food security as a key element of the country’s national security system, describes its tasks in the context of sanctions pressures on the main sectors of the economy, including agriculture. The author’s classification of the factors influencing the provision of food security in Russia is given, their content and dynamics of development are disclosed. The definition of agricultural business processes is given, the classification of their types and decomposition for the sub-sector of field farming with the allocation of precision agriculture is given. The problematic field of practical implementation of the process of digital transformation of the agricultural sector has been identified and the main directions for overcoming it have been outlined.

МЕТОДИКА ВНУТРЕННЕГО АУДИТА КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ РАБОТЫ

The article describes the relevance of the introduction of internal audit at agricultural enterprises in order to successfully develop rural areas. The classification of principles is considered and the functions of the internal control system at agricultural enterprises are defined. The methodology of internal control aimed at improving the performance of agricultural enterprises is proposed. Because internal audit is entrusted with the function of ensuring the integrity of decisions made and their execution, based on information about the activities of the organization, the function of interconnection, informing about the implementation of management decisions. One of its components, food security, plays an important role in ensuring Russia's national security. Ensuring food independence is possible with the effective development of agricultural organizations, which involves both the production of high-quality food products and the implementation of existing in-house reserves. In the context of the increasing role of food security in Russia, the importance of the internal control and audit system in agricultural organizations is increasing. Market relations determine the objective need to increase the role of accounting in enterprise management. Timely, reliable and analytical information is needed to make operational and tactical decisions on enterprise management in conditions of constantly changing market conditions and developing competition among producers. With the development of market relations, accountants were "flooded" with a stream of regulatory documents regulating the legal issues of the activities of agricultural enterprises, the organization and setting of accounting for the latter, the formation of their reporting and taxation. In this regard, it became necessary to create an internal control service at the enterprises of the agro–industrial complex - a form of non-governmental control over the activities of enterprises. Internal audit is entrusted with the function of ensuring the integrity of decisions made and their execution, based on information about the activities of the organization, the function of interconnection, informing about the implementation of management decisions. The main importance of internal audit technology and methodology lies in the constant monitoring of management processes and their analysis. Thus, the problems of effective organization and improvement of the internal audit methodology contribute to increasing the effectiveness of information communication in the management system in order to coordinate economic processes in accordance with the chosen development strategy of an agricultural organization.

Проблемы социальной сферы села и обеспечение кадрами предприятий агропромышленного комплекса

The successful development of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring food security in Russia is impossible without qualified personnel who are called upon to solve these problems at the level of each region. The article analyzes the reasons affecting the supply of personnel in agro-industrial complexes using the example of the Penza region. The study revealed a steady downward trend in both the rural population and the number of people employed in agriculture in the region. The analysis showed that the main factors that have a negative impact on attracting personnel to work in rural areas are: poor housing stock in rural settlements; lack of opportunity to receive quality medical care; shortage of teachers in schools; insufficiency of cultural and leisure institutions; poor transport accessibility. It is concluded that changing the current situation, ensuring a comfortable standard of living in rural areas, thereby making work in rural areas attractive, especially for young professionals, is possible only through the joint efforts of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, municipal and federal authorities.

The digital transformation concept of sustainable development in dairy cattle breeding

Dairy cattle breeding is a strategically important sub-sector for ensuring food security in Russia, respectively, the sustainable development of the sub-sector is a global task of the Russian economy. Nowadays, it is possible to identify a variety of factors that are dependent and independent of commodity producers, affecting the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding. Within the framework of the digital agriculture project being implemented in Russia, the systemic and integrated application of digital innovations of industry importance should be considered as the primary factors affecting, first of all, the economic stability of the subsector. The importance of the digital transformation of dairy cattle breeding is undeniable and requires closer study, including from the perspective of forming the concept of digital transformation within the framework of its sustainable development, that is, considering three areas of sustainability: economic, social and environmental.