Pond Fish Farming Research Articles

Ecological dynamic of fish farming ponds managed during the growth of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus)

Habitat for organisms in ecosystems include attributes to the ecological significance and resulting from the interactions between its physical, chemical and biological components. In fishponds, one of the important features is the community of the microzooplankton that é key component of marine food webs and food chain in freshwater. An experiment was carried out in an area for fish farming, located in Assis Brasil Village, municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre, aimed to observe the dynamics of fish farming tanks, and the composition and microzooplankton abundance, submitted to two treatments, commercial feed (ad libitum) and tabulated feed. The results showed that environments severely eutrophicated are characterized by high values of phosphorus and nitrogen, and dominance of species of Rotifera, throughout the study. On this basis, it was concluded that researches of this nature contributes for determining the water quality, particularly using potential bioindicator species, that grow excessively in these environments.

Ektobakteri Pada Ikan Nila (Oreocromis niloticus) Di Desa Lihung Kecamatan Karang Intan Kabupaten Banjar Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan

Intensive cultivation often risks the emergence of disease, this is because in intensive cultivation tilapia are kept with high stocking densities and intensive use of feed, which causes a decrease in water quality which in turn can trigger the emergence of disease. Fish diseases arise due to an imbalance between fish as gills of pathogens/microorganisms that carry disease, and the environment. The fish's defense system can be disrupted due to environmental changes and the development of pathogens in a cultivation container. This research aims to find out whether there are ectobacteria in tilapia fish in fish farming ponds in Lihung Village. The results of the research will make it easier to provide information about sick fish and how to deal with disease in the environment of fish cultivating ponds that are attacked by ectobacteria. The research was carried out for 10 days, 4–14 March 2023 at the KIPM Banjarmasin Laboratory, starting from taking test fish samples, necropsy, microscopic examination, as well as the types of ectobacteria found in tilapia seeds taken from fish farming ponds. Necropsy activities are carried out by weighing the weight of the test fish, checking the completeness of the fish's body organs and checking the body of the fish that will be observed. All samples of the test fish are weighed according to the required standard of at least 10 grams with a fish body weight of 50 grams, for completeness. body organs of all test fish samples are complete. From the sample results, it was found that there were 2 bacteria that attacked Tilapia fish in Lihung Village, namely Aeromonas sp. and Proteus sp bacteria

Perceptions of Ecosystem Services and Bonds with Nature: The Case of Fish-Farming Ponds in France

Recent studies have shown the importance of relationships with nature, emotions felt, forms of attachment, and experience of nature on conservation motivations. They have proposed characterizing relational values based on these complex interactions with ecosystems. We analyzed these links for ecosystem services (ESs) associated with fish farming ponds. The analysis was based on an online survey conducted on mainland France. We identified the types of pro-environmental profiles and investigated the determinants of pro-environmental behaviors. We analyzed the types of services prioritized according to individual profiles and the factors determining sensitivity. We distinguish between individual ESs that are more hedonic in nature, and regulating or heritage cultural ESs that refer to collective motivations rather linked to eudaimonic well-being. The results highlight the importance of factors related to eudaimonic well-being, which help integrate the role of ethical values and commitment to conservation. The modeling shows little influence of the usual sociodemographic variables and the strong significance of variables considering the knowledge and familiarity with these ecosystems and the pro-environment commitment, which refers to eudaimonic well-being. These results allow us to discuss the specificities of awareness-raising policies, which imply a rationale for active citizenship.

Feasibility of Water Quality from Treated Domestic Wastewater Effluent in Bojongsoang WTTP, Bandung District for Fish Farming

Bojongsoang Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTTP) is a place for processing wastewater in domestic activities in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia before being released into the aquatic environment. This study aims to determine the feasibility of water quality from domestic wastewater treatment for fish farming activities at the Bojongsoang WTTP in January - June 2023. The survey method was used with purposive sampling technique and conducted at five research stations with two replicates. The efficiency of reducing sewage treatment at the Bojongsoang WTTP is able to reduce the BOD5 value by 73%, reduce ammonia by 66%, reduce TSS by 38%, increase DO by 75% and the temperature and pH parameters are stable as expected. The results of testing six water quality parameters from processed domestic wastewater at the Bojongsoang WTTP, some ponds are at high levels and exceed water quality standards. So that it is not suitable if it is used as a fish farming pond that will be consumed or traded. The performance of each WTTP treatment pond is not yet optimal in accordance with the aims and objectives of wastewater treatment (WTTP), namely to reduce (eliminate) polluting substances so that they can be used for agricultural and fishery needs.

Сучасні аспекти аквакультури судака (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) (огляд)

Purpose. To analyze data from special literature on the current state and basic methods of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) aquaculture in Ukraine and other European countries. To determine the differences in technologies for growing this fish species depending on the specifics of the resource provision of aquaculture and regional pecularities of the functioning of fish farming enterprises in European countries. Findings. The review examines the general principles of aquaculture of pikeperch according to various technological schemes, including in the conditions of ponds and industrial-type farms. The peculiarities of the cultivation of different age groups of this fish species in the specific conditions of the development of aquaculture in Ukraine have been clarified. Some peculiarities of the application of treatment and preventive measures used in the process of its cultivation are described. The problems faced by Ukrainian producers of fish products during the organization of feeding of this percid fish are emphasized. Data from domestic and foreign information sources on productivity, methods of wintering and transportation of this member of the European ichthyofauna are summarized. The main prospects for the further development of pikeperch aquaculture in Ukraine and related problems, in particular in the field of technological support, have been determined. Practical Value. The data presented in the review can be used by practitioners of the fish industry and scientists in the field of fisheries in the process of developing pikeperch aquaculture in Ukraine. This will contribute to the improvement of the regulatory and technological base of pond fish farming and increase the efficiency of the development of industrial methods of aquaculture in the farms of different regions of the country. At the same time, the information presented in the review can be used for the training of fisheries specialists during the development of relevant training programs of educational institutions. Keywords: pikepersh(Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758), biocontrol effect, pond aquaculture, industrial aquaculture, recirculation aquaculture system (RAS), reservoirs.

Emergy analysis of pond fish farming – a case study for a large fish farm in Poland

The immediate goal of the article is an emergy analysis of fish production on an exemplary fish farm. Additionally, it was compared, in terms of environmental burden, with other exemplary agricultural productions. On the basis of the calculated emergy inflows, selected emergy indicators (ELR, EYR, REN) were calculated, showing the scale of use of renewable and non-renewable resources. The results show that the analysed fish production does not burden the environment and largely uses renewable resources, unlike other intensive agricultural productions. The ELR value was compared with its values for other exemplary agricultural production. In fish farming, this indicator is most often lower than 1. It is assumed that such activity does not burden the environment. Animal production requires the involvement of additional space for fodder production. Therefore the differences in the area necessary for the production of a food unit (GJ) of exemplary plant and animal products are also shown. Emergy analysis and its results can provide valuable information for decision-makers in terms of the direction of a given production.

Edukasi Monitoring Kualitas Air Pada Kelompok Tani Tambak Desa Margoyoso Pati Jawa Tengah

Water quality is one of the most influential factors in the process of cultivating fish in ponds, so it is necessary to monitor water quality regularly to obtain viable and abundant fish commodities. The obstacle in fish farming is the problem of unproductive land due to poor water quality. The low understanding of pond farmers regarding water quality is also one of the factors in decreasing income from fish farming in ponds. Thus it is necessary to carry out education related to monitoring pond water quality to farmers. This community service activity was carried out at the pond farmer group in Margoyoso Pati Village, Central Java on Saturday, August 12, 2023. The community service partner for this activity is the “Bersatu Makmur” farmer group. The implementation of this service activity is divided into two sessions. The first session was a material delivery session on water quality monitoring education while the second session was the practice of monitoring water quality in the farmers' pond locations. The result of this community service activity is the increased understanding of pond farmers in Margoyoso Village, Pati Regency, Central Java regarding monitoring water quality according to the parameters of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI).

Numerical study on the performance of circular juvenile fish breeding ponds

Due to the recent tendency to use circular ponds of closed-circuit systems in the fish farming industry, it seems necessary to investigate the flow pattern performance for improving water hydrodynamic behavior considering the input conditions. Although pond inflow conditions play a major role in the formation of rotational flow, in most cases, these ponds cannot be optimally used due to a lack of appropriate solutions. Therefore, this study presents the computational fluid dynamics model of a circular fish farming pond with a volume of 1.57 m3 based on incompressible steady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes formation using a realizable K-ε viscous model. Numerical modeling of the angle change of pond inflow is put on the agenda at three levels, and the inflow momentum force is considered at four levels to investigate vortex formation and its effect on the efficiency of ponds. The results indicate TKE is directly correlated with the inflow momentum force. In the case of injecting the flow tangentially to the pond wall, the maximum TKE is observed in the areas tangential to the pond wall. The formed vortices are analyzed using two vortex quantification methods of vortex strength and normalized velocity. The results demonstrate the maximum vortex strength is at 20–40% of the water level when injecting the flow tangentially into the pond wall (α3 = 30°). The model results suggest installing inlet nozzles tangentially to the pond wall and adjusting inflow with the minimum momentum force to improve rotational flow hydrodynamic performance.

Bionomics and population dynamics of anopheline larvae from an area dominated by fish farming tanks in northern Brazilian Amazon.

In Brazilian Amazon, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities as a consequence of human occupation have created new and artificial larval habitats for anopheline mosquitoes, providing conditions for oviposition, development and expansion of malaria vector populations. This study aimed to structurally characterize and describe the entomological and limnological parameters of Anopheles larval habitats from a malaria region in northern Brazilian Amazon. Fifty-two larval habitats were investigated in the District of Ilha de Santana, in the Brazilian state of Amapá, comprising fish farming tanks, ponds, and streams. For entomological parameters, the immature larvae were collected monthly from July 2019 to June 2020. For limnological parameters, the water samples were collected from 20 larval habitats during the sampling period. The data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models, Multivariate analyses, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Fifty habitats were positive for Anopheles larvae and a total of nine species were collected. The fish farming tanks had the highest abundance of larvae compared with ponds and streams. Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles triannulatus were collected in 94% of the larval habitats and showed the highest positivity index. The degree of shade and the type of water of the breeding sites were important factors for the presence of the main malaria vector, A. darlingi. This species was the most affected by pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and nitrate. Our findings indicate that fish farming tanks are major contributors to vector anopheline abundance and malaria transmission. Vector control strategies focused on these habitats are urgently needed.

Exploring and predicting the biocapacity of various fish farming systems based on modified emergy footprint accounting in the Sistan region of Iran

Aquaculture is a form of agriculture that is practised in the Sistan region. This practice not only enhances water usage efficiency but also generates additional income for the local farmers. The extensive dependence of the aquaculture sector on energy and chemicals poses a jeopardises environmental stability and endangers the sustainability of production in the long run. The study employs emergy footprint accounting to assess the relationship between input flows and the ecological security of sustainable aquatic production in the region, across different fish farming systems, including semi-natural, concrete, and galvanised ponds. To achieve the desired outcomes, the emergy footprint accounting method requires comprehensive data on both environmental and economic inputs. The present investigation spanned four years, from 2018 to 2021. We obtained the data for this study from multiple sources, including surveys of fish farmers, expert opinions from media reports, and meteorological data obtained from weather stations located in the Sistan region. The study findings suggest that fish farming in semi-natural ponds has an ecological surplus when compared to the other two systems, owing to its higher emergy biocapacity in relation to its emergy footprint. However, it is noteworthy that semi-natural fish farming exhibited a more pronounced adverse effect on non-renewable environmental resources and resulted in the elimination of their supporting function, in comparison to the other two farming systems. This phenomenon occurred less frequently in ponds made of concrete and galvanised material. However, the ecological impact generated by these ponds surpassed their biocapacity, leading to an ecological deficit, insecurity, and exertion on the surrounding ecosystem. The findings suggest that enhancing the efficient utilisation of inputs in both concrete and galvanised ponds can lead to improved sustainability and ecological safety of their production. The adoption of strategies such as augmenting the size of juvenile fish to curtail the duration of aquaculture production in semi-natural fish farming is expected to have a limited effect on non-renewable ecological resources.

Associations of anomalous water temperature, salinity, and pH with change in water color of fish farming ponds

AbstractMaintaining proper green water is important for a fish farming pond. However, it remains unclear how to translate this important rule into specific water quality characteristics to associate or even forecast changes in water color. To address this issue, we conducted a study based on daily monitoring of six grouper ponds in Fangliao Township, Pingtung, Taiwan, from March to December 2018. We investigated the relationships between changes in water color and anomalies in water temperature, salinity, and pH, as these three parameters had the most complete records. We employed a long‐short‐term memory model to detect water quality anomalies by computing residual values. Our findings indicate that changes in water color were associated with anomalies in these parameters, with water temperature anomalies being the best indicator for early detection. In fact, the top 5% of water temperature anomalies could predict over 40% of the water color changes. Additionally, pH anomalies occurred immediately after the color changes. This rule‐to‐physicochemical‐parameter paradigm that we developed for grouper ponds could be applied to other aquaculture farms. We anticipate that with the help of advanced environmental surveillance models, such as the one we used, the prospect of autonomous fish farming will be realized.

Adoption of Scientific Practices in Fish Farming in Telangana State, India

The study was undertaken in six districts of Telangana state viz. Karimnagar, Kamareddy, Medak, Wanaparthy, Mahabubabad and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri during 2019-2022 with an aim to study the extent of adoption of scientific fish farming practices. Ten fish farmers were selected from each of the selected districts using simple random sampling technique thus constituting 60 fish farmers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect responses about the adoption of scientific fish farming specifically based on preliminary survey as well as focus group discussions. The results depicted that nearly half (48.33%) had medium level of adoption followed by high (38.33%) and low (13.34%) level of adoption respectively. The variables such as fish farming experience, annual income, Pond size, Economic motivation and innovativeness reflected the strong association and effect on the extent of adoption.

A comparative assessment of the lagoons with water quality indexes and based on GIS: A study on the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea

In this study, the current status of water quality in Güllük Lagoon and Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon was examined by comparison using water quality indexes, multivariate statistical analyses and geographical information systems. Water quality parameters comprised of 9 variables i.e., WT, pH, DO, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, TP, SSM, BOD5 were measured in Güllük Lagoon and Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon. Although there are important activities such as earthen pond fish farms, fish hatcheries, feldsbat and marble quarries, streams carrying domestic wastes, port, secondary residences and agricultural activities in Güllük Lagoon, there are intense tourism and agricultural activities in Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon. The average concentrations of DO, TP, NO2-N results in Güllük Lagoon and DO, TP and NH4-N results in Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon were determined in second class water quality according to surface water quality criteria. While both lagoons were found to be in “Good” quality class as a result of water quality index, Güllük Lagoon was found to be “medium polluted” and Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon was found to be “slightly polluted” quality class as a result of comprehensive pollution index. It was observed that water quality index values of both lagoons decreased in the dry season, while their comprehensive pollution index values increased in the dry season. On the basis of the general averages of water quality index, it was found as Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon (85.0) > Güllük Lagoon (84.05), and on the basis of the general averages of comprehensive pollution index, it was found as Güllük Lagoon (1.34) > Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon (0.79). Relationships between variables were determined by geographical information systems (IDW technique) and statistical analyses (Descriptive statistics, Spearman rho correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple linear regression and Principal component analysis). As a result of multiple linear regression analysis in measured parameters, it was determined that the most important parameter affecting the water quality index in Güllük Lagoon was NH4-N, and the most important parameter affecting the comprehensive pollution index was SSM. In Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon, it was observed that the water quality index was affected by the WT parameter and the comprehensive pollution index was affected by the SSM parameter. There is no difference in the concentrations of the average water quality parameters measured in both lagoons, and both lagoons are generally in the first and second class surface water quality class. However, Güllük Lagoon, which contains more different pollutant sources than Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon, is shown to be more polluted according to water quality indexes. In addition, it has been determined that SSM is the most important parameter that determines the water quality among the measured water quality parameters of both lagoons.

GOVERNMENT CONSISTENCY IN ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS REGARDING MINERAL AND COAL MINING RELATED TO MINE RECLAMATION

Reclamation is an activity that aims to improve or manage the use of disturbed land as a result of mining business activities so that it can function and have the power to function according to its designation. excavated. For this reason, the government has issued Government Regulation Number 78 of 2010 concerning Post-Mining Reclamation Decree and Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Number 26 of 2018 concerning Implementation of Good Mining Principles and Supervision of Mineral and Coal Mining. The purpose of issuing these two regulations is very clear, so that the negative impacts of mining activities can be reduced or even eliminated. Various productive efforts on ex-mining land by carrying out reclamation and utilizing it as an ecotourism area. Utilizing part of it as a fish farming pond and the rest being used as a model of a biological conservation forest with proboscis monkeys and various kinds of birds as the key space is one of the efforts to restore nature's preservation. The research method used is normative or doctrinal legal research. Normative legal research or doctrinal legal research, which is also referred to as library research or document study, is research that is carried out or aimed only at studying written regulations or other legal materials. The result of research reclamation is an activity to restore the ecosystem so that it can function again as before. While Post-mining Activities are activities to repair ex-mining land to restore environmental functions and social functions according to local conditions throughout the mining area.

Technical and cost efficiency of pond fish farms: Do young educated farmers bring changes?

This study investigates how the involvement of young and educated farmers in commercial aquaculture in Bangladesh influences the technical and cost efficiency using data obtained from 100 interviews with fish farmers in Bangladesh. The translog stochastic frontier production function was employed to determine the technical efficiency while Cobb-Douglas cost function was used to determine cost efficiency. Younger farmers often used fewer inputs than older farmers did while farmers with higher levels of education used inputs more effectively. Technical efficiency of pond fish farmers is 84% while the cost efficiency of pond fish farmers is 53%. Fish productivity increases with the quantity of fingerlings, interaction between labor and feed, feed and water cleaning cost, labor and water cleaning cost, water cleaning cost2 while fish productivity reduces with labor, water cleaning cost and feed2. Besides, technical inefficiency lessens with years of schooling and increases with the age of the farmers. In addition, the price of labor, feed, and fingerlings has a significant positive impact on the cost of production. Cost efficiency reduces with the feed conversion ratio (FCR) while it increases with education and when using water only for fish culture.

The Use of Magnetic Technology to Grow the Duckweed Lemna sp. Plant and Invest its Live Mass in Feeding Fish

Magnetization enhances the energy of cells through its high ability to permeate materials to them. The vital processes in a living cell are directly proportional to the magnetic field. Magnetization affects various vital processes in the transfer of ions through the cell membrane. The study was conducted in the fish laboratory of the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture and Forestry / the University of Mosul for a period of eight days. The duckweed plant (Lemna sp) was cultured with a weight of 5 + 1.25 g / liter in plastic tubs containing 25 liters of water in fish farming ponds by three treatments for the purpose of measuring the effect of the productivity of duckweed plant growth, and the percentage of nutrients in it when using magnetization 1500 gas with air pumping by means of an air pump. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) for the experimental treatments, as the pH increased in treatment 4 and decreased in treatment 3 during the days of the experiment, and it was noted that the dissolved oxygen increased in treatment 1 and decreased in treatment 2 during the days of the experiment. The results showed that the temperature increased in treatment 3 and decreased in treatment 4 during period 2, and the electrical conductivity increased in treatment 4 and decreased during treatment 1 during periods 4, 6, and 8. The results indicated an increase in the total hardness values in treatments 2 and 3 during the trial days, and the calcium hardness values in treatments 4 and 5 also increased during periods 2 and 4. The results of the analysis showed an increase in calcium concentration in treatments 4 and 5 during periods 2 and 4 as well as treatments 2 and 5 in periods 6 and 8, and a decrease in treatments 2 and 3 during the experimental days for the concentration of chlorides. Through the results of the study, it was observed that the concentration of nitrates increased in treatment 3 during periods 2 and 4, and a decrease in sulfate concentration was observed in treatment 5 and 3 during periods 6 and 8. It was found that the concentration of phosphate treatment 2 increased during periods 2 and 4, the concentration of solids decreased during treatment 3 during the days of the experiment, and the percentage of fat, carbohydrates, and ash increased in treatment 1. While the percentage of protein in the treatment components 3 and 4 of the nutrients contained in the duckweed plant increased.

First evidence of microplastics in freshwater from fish farms in Rondônia state, Brazil

The main aimed of this study was to provide information on microplastics present in the freshwater of fish farm ponds. In addition, the study showes a relationship between the seasonal, spatial distribution and the amount of microplastics found. This study was conducted in 35 fish farms located in the Rondônia state, Brazil, the sample collects were carried out in the two Amazonian hydrological seasons (dry and rainy). The study was developed in a completely randomized factorial scheme 35 × 3 x 3 (35 fish farms, 3 ponds and 3 repetitions per ponds). Microplastic sampling was performed following a modified method based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Samples of 250 mL freshwater collected, which were deionized and pre-filtered through 6.0 mm mesh granulometric sieves. The average abundances of the different hydrological seasons were compared by Student's t-test, with differences statistically significant at p < 0.05. The microplastics were morphological categorized into fibers and colors blue, red or transparent. Microplastic contamination was confirmed in freshwater of 9 fish farming, with greater abundance of blue fibers and greater quantification in the rainy season. Fish farms P3, P4 and P6 had the highest quantifications of blue fiber in the two seasons (6 and 43, 19 and 56, 11 and 88 items mL−1, respectively). Almost all fish farms had a higher abundance of microplastics in the rainy season. It is important to highlight the prominence of microplastics in the blue fiber rainy season (286 items mL−1) compared to the dry season (58 items mL−1). Fish farms P3, P4 and P6 showed a strong positive correlation between the factors distance from the nearest urban area (r = 0.94, 0.79 and 0.97, respectively) and seasonality (r = 0.98, 0.77 and 0.96, respectively). Rainfall variations influenced the abundance of microplastics, especially of blue fibers. Fish farms are supplied with fresh water by rivers or streams, so it is possible that microplastics originate outside the fish farm, perhaps they were introduced due to high soil occupation, although surface runoff (of water contaminated by sewage) caused by heavy rains the most important factor. Therefore, one factor must be considered, surface runoff and groundwater contaminated by urban, agricultural and urban effluents may have contaminated rivers and streams and then contaminated the water in the fish farm ponds.

Pembuatan Pakan Ikan bagi Kelompok Tani Desa Wangen Lamongan Guna Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Kemandirian Budidaya Ikan

Purpose: The majority of Wangen Village residents make a living as pond farmers. Cultivation carried out are vannamei shrimp, milkfish, sombro, carp and mujair. The obstacle faced by the residents of Wangen Village is the high price of fish seeds and feed, thereby reducing profits and even many who experience losses due to changes in weather or bacterial attacks in ponds. In order to reduce dependence on fish feed from manufacturers, training activities for making fish feed are needed so as to reduce production costs Methodology: The community dedication was carried out in Wangen Village, Glagah Lamongan District with 28 participants on Saturday 18 June 2022. The implementation of community service was carried out in three stages, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. The planning stage includes coordination between the team and the village as well as the provision of materials and the readiness of fish feed processing practices. Implementation includes the provision of material, discussion and practice of the process of making fish feed. The evaluation stage includes reviewing the activities of the fish feed manufacturing process, providing input and directing activities that can be carried out further in order to increase production. Results: Service activities start from the preparation of activities to the implementation of activities. In the preparation of the activity, the team ensured that there were practical materials for making fish feed imported from Malang. Before practicing, the team first explained the importance of fish farming in ponds. To obtain the desired results of fish cultivation, the team also provides knowledge about making fish feed to the participants of service activities. In the discussion of making fish feed, the servant conveyed about the stages in the process of making fish feed such as the flouring process, weighing ingredients, mixing, molding and drying pellets. Farmers in Wangen Village tend to like the use of floating fish feed because the fish will be visible when taking the distributed feed. Conclusion: Service activities have a positive impact on training participants. Participants know that good fish feed is not because it is expensive, but because of the content and nutritional needs needed by fish for the growth process. The process of feeding in ponds is not arbitrary, but one must know about the age of the fish, the state of the water and the environment of the pond, not from giving too much food and the fish mill grow bigger faster With the cooperation between farmer groups and BUMDES in the production and sales process, training on packaging manufacture, permit management and sales and administration systems. Suggestion:. Further service activities that can be done are devotion about bookkeeping and fish feed marketing science Keywords: 1. Fish feed 2. Farmer Group 3. Pond Farmers

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF BREAM AND WALLEYE IN POSTDIPLOSTOMOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR

Fish and fish products are of no small importance as an obligatory component of the human diet. This is due to the fact that fish meat has a high nutritional and nutritional value. However, in some cases, fish is a source of infection for humans. This is the case with some parasitoses and infections. Fish parasitoses are quite widespread, both in natural reservoirs and in pond fish farms. Often, the course of parasitosis in fish is complicated by the addition of secondary microflora, which aggravates the pathological process and serves as a source of toxic infections for humans. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of microflora in postdiplostomosis of bream and walleye in the conditions of the Kuibyshev reservoir. During the research, an inventory of the microflora of sick fish was carried out. It is represented by microorganisms from two families - Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae and three genera Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus. Contamination of organs and tissues of sick fish also has differences. The gills are maximally contaminated. Minimal contamination is inherent in the skin. In a fish with postdiplostomosis, the presentation is violated. In its raw, insufficiently boiled, fried, dried salted form, it is dangerous for humans as a source of helminthic invasion. The contamination of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora creates prerequisites for the development of toxic infections in humans when eating such fish.

Morphological characteristics of carp (Carassius Gibelio) in the conditions of pond fish farming in Uzbekistan

Silver carp has a huge range that distributed in Eurasia and America. Interest was aroused by the use in fish farming, high taste qualities in particular. In this research, the material was collected in October - December 2021 in the ponds of the fish hatchery of the Research Institute of Fisheries of Uzbekistan. During the experiments, the measured traits were calculated in the form of indices, showing them as a percentage of the standard body length for each individual. The results showed that the minimum and maximum body weight was 13 and 88, respectively. However, the average was 32.8 mm. It was observed that average hard rays in the dorsal fin was 2, but this was 4.5 in the case branched rays in the anal fin. Noteworthy, a comparison of the data shows that the index variability with the “truss-protocol” is significantly lower.