Inventorying the Broodstocks of Belarusian Carp Breeds and Herbivorus Fish Species by the Genes of the Most Economically Valuable Traits to Maximize the Use of the Physiological Potential of a Fish Organism to Increase Fish Productivity in Ecological Conditions of Intensive Pond Fish Farming

Abstract

One of the most promising marker genes for assessing and predicting animal meat productivity is the myostatin gene (MSTN). The protein encoded by this gene regulates the development of muscle tissue in various species of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. Mutations of the myostatin gene may lead to a twofold and in some cases even a threefold increase in muscle mass in the individuals of different species. Studies are underway to test the breeders of the Belarusian mirror carp and herbivorous fish species for the presence of mutations in the myostiatin gene (MSTN). When revising the broodstock of a new species of the Belarusian mirror carp, the effectiveness of using mutations of the MSTN gene associated with an economically valuable trait of fish productivity and mass accumulation has been established. The fish capacity of the juvenile mirror carp obtained during the reproduction of test breeders, where one parent was a GG homozygote and the other was an AG heterozygote with a mutation by the MSTN gene, was 1.3-1.7 times higher compared to the average productivity in the experimental and control groups and it showed a better productivity indicator for the control groups by 1.1-1.5 times. When testing silver carp and bighead carp selected for study (in Belarus and Uzbekistan), no mutations in the myostatin gene (MSTN) were found.