Field Of Land Management Research Articles

Achieving land degradation neutrality: land-use planning and ecosystem approach

IntroductionThe research purpose is to scientifically substantiate an integrated approach to solving the problem of land degradation, based on the idea of land degradation neutrality (LDN), taking into account ecosystem services when planning land use to maximize the conservation of natural capital. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions and principles of the concepts of sustainable development, achieving LDN, and ecosystem services, as well as the research results revealing various aspects of land use, particularly their degradation.MethodsThe following research methods are used in the paper: dialectical – to determine the cause-and-effect conditions of land degradation; analysis – to highlight the current state of land use in Ukraine and the factors that have led to land degradation; synthesis – for global trends towards achieving LDN; deduction – to explore the possibility of introducing global experience in achieving LDN in Ukraine; structural-functional analysis – to substantiate the feasibility of introducing an ecosystem approach to land-use planning to achieve LDN.ResultsAs a result of the research, the current land degradation state in Ukraine has been analyzed, and ways of achieving LDN in land-use planning through the prism of an ecosystem approach have been substantiated. Based on statistical data, the current and potential levels of arability of the territory of Ukraine have been calculated by natural-climatic zones, and the areas of eroded arable lands in Ukraine have been determined by the erodibility factor (low-eroded, mediumeroded,and highly-eroded).DiscussionFor the first time, a structural-logical scheme has been developed for organizational-economic support for the effective use of degraded and low-productive agricultural lands in the context of implementing the idea of LDN, which is a tool for rational allocation and use of degraded lands. This scheme can serve as a basis for the development of land-use planning strategies for territorial communities, for institutions, and organizations competent in the field of land management.

Digital educational content compilation sources

The development of digitalization of higher education leads to the emergence of new methods and means of learning. At present, information technologies are increasingly used, including distance learning, digital sources are used to create educational content, which opens new prospects for increasing motivation to study disciplines, activation of students’ activity in the learning process and, in general, for the professional success of university graduates. The article analyzes digital sources of spatial educational content compilation in mastering ecological and environmental educational disciplines and materials (by the example of bachelor’s training in the direction 21.03.02 Land management and cadastres). It is important for future specialists in the field of land management and cadastre to be able to use a variety of digital sources of data on the current state of land resources in their daily activities. The information sources in the form of spatial positioning public services, interactive topographic, geological and hydrological map, the map of dangerous exogenous geological processes manifestation, the map of territory functional zoning, the website of the Russian Federation hydrometeorological service management are shown and verified. It is important to use up-to-date geo-ecological and land-cadastral information when studying natural science disciplines, it is inadmissible to study outdated literary materials, inaccurate and unreliable data from electronic sources.

THE USE OF GIS FOR ECOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE LAND MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

The issue of forming an analytical and informational base for management decisions in the field of land affairs is particularly relevant given the global trend of systemic social transformations. It requires active implementation of the latest information technologies. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the aspects of using geographic information systems (GIS) for ecological and landscape land management of human settlements. The research was carried out using general scientific methods of cognition: logical and structural analysis, induction and deduction, comparison, abstraction, specification, generalization, and formalization. The article investigates the basics of GIS and variations of their implementation in the field of land management. It highlights the main provisions and algorithmic structure of the process. The authors described the typical features of modern GIS technologies and their capabilities in the spheres of mapping, monitoring, and other aspects of land management. The main problems, challenges, and achievements of the GIS utilization process are considered. It has been determined that the effective utilization of GIS capabilities is a promising priority area for optimizing the land utilization system. The practical significance of the findings of this paper is manifested in the feasibility of using them in developing suitable programs to improve the efficiency of ecological and landscape land management of settlements. Also, the study's results can be used to form a universal effective model of GIS technologies application during the process of land utilization management.

Профессиональная подготовка будущих специалистов в области кадастрового учета и регистрации прав к графической визуализации объектов недвижимости

The research aims to theoretically justify the use of 3D modeling and graphic design as a means of professional training of undergraduate students in the field of “Land management and cadastre” to solve practical tasks based on visualization of three-dimensional objects. The paper presents the stages of training future specialists in the field of cadastre and registration of rights in the basics of creating three-dimensional models in the professional sphere and their graphic design. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the original elaboration of the content of the discipline “Graphic (spatial) visualization of real estate objects” for the training of undergraduate students in the field of “Land management and cadastre” based on the integrated combination of studying the fundamentals of 3D modeling and graphic design as a tool for visualizing information and data. The author believes that this combination is necessitated by the need to educate students on the comprehensive solution to a professional task that requires creating a three-dimensional model and its design and represents the basis for understanding the essence of 3D cadastre. As a result of the research, examples of practice-oriented tasks within three interconnected modules of the discipline “Graphic (spatial) visualization of real estate objects” for undergraduate students in the field of land management and real estate cadastre are presented.

A mathematical approach to calculating slope stability under physical triggering forces. Application to landscape mechanics

In the field of land management, the limit equilibrium calculation method is a mathematical method that harmonizes the complex interplay of diverse factors determining the slope stability. Rooted in mechanical and mathematical principles, this method has paramount significance for guiding the course of safe land management in mountainous regions, especially in the case of infrastructure development projects. Conventional limit equilibrium techniques, while provid- ing preliminary stability assessments, often neglect key factors that can trigger slope failure. These approaches traditionally ignore the spatial variations in soil properties, the temporal dy- namics of phenomena, the kinetic responses to external loads, the complexities of geological formations, and the influences of the hydrological and climatic conditions on slope stability. Our innovative method adopts an enriched mathematical framework that redefines the landscape of force equilibrium techniques. We meticulously tailor this framework by adapting the founda- tional relationships derived from the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion to accommodate the spatially variable geomechanical parameters. This adaptation allows us to capture the nu- anced shifts in mechanical properties over the extent of the slope. Furthermore, we introduce supplementary equations that seamlessly integrate the influences of traffic-induced loads and hydraulic pressures, while also statistically quantifying the contributions of stabilizing struc- tures. To determine the efficacy of this geomatic and landscape-centric numerical tool, we have subjected it to rigorous testing on a test slope. The outcomes derived from our mathematical model reveal the primacy of traffic-related forces as the main destabilizing agents, contrasted with the strengthening effects of reinforcements in maintaining slope stability.

Some issues of correlation between the state land cadastre and land monitoring

The article is devoted to some issues of correlation between the state land cadastre and land monitoring. It is emphasized that such functions as the state land cadastre and land monitoring play a significant role in the management system in the field of land use and protection. It is emphasized that the State land cadastre and land monitoring are the main source of information on the qualitative and quantitative state of land. Such information is necessary for solving relevant tasks and making informed decisions in the field of land management.
 It is emphasized that land monitoring, which is carried out with the aim of obtaining information on the qualitative state of land resources, plays a significant role in the implementation of cadastral activities and is one of its directions.
 It is emphasized that the State Land Cadastre, as a function of management in the field of land use, protection and restoration, is closely interrelated with such functions as land monitoring and control over land use and protection. It is emphasized that these functions have the feature of complementing each other, which makes it possible to achieve the goals and objectives in the field of public administration in the land sector.
 The author examines the functions inherent in the State Land Cadastre, one of which is information. The author also notes that based on the data obtained during land monitoring, the State Land Cadastre's database on the qualitative characteristics of land is filled with information on land. In addition, the overall goal of the state land cadastre and land monitoring is to protect and preserve land resources. Thus, the tasks of land monitoring include information support of the state land cadastre, which in turn complements the content of land cadastral activities.
 It is emphasized that the State Land Cadastre and land monitoring are the main sources of information on the state of land resources which allow obtaining objective data throughout the country. The information contained in the State Land Cadastre system and obtained in the course of land monitoring serves as the legal basis for making the necessary decisions by public authorities in the field of land use and protection. Formation of a database based on monitoring information is one of the means of ensuring cadastral activities.

Use of gis technologies for geodesic assessment of land resources and cadastral activities

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of geodetic innovations in the field of land management and cadastral activity. Modern technologies and their impact on the optimization and efficiency of work in the specified areas are considered. The main attention is paid to the methods of geographic information systems, their application for accurate mapping, data analysis and territorial development planning. The purpose of this article is to research and evaluate the use of the latest geodetic solutions in land and cadastral management, as well as to reveal the advantages and potential of their application to optimize the management of land resources. Used: analytical method, cartographic method, mathematical method, methods of digital automated processing of space images. Further research in the field of land management and cadastral activity can be directed to the development of new methods of processing and interpreting geodetic data using artificial intelligence and machine learning, adapting geoinformation systems to the needs of regional land management, in particular, to monitor climate changes, ensure food and water resources. The article can be useful for specialists in the field of land management, cadastre, as well as for everyone who is interested in innovative technologies in geodesy.

Implementation of land management under the conditions of marital law

On the basis of the analysis of the adopted changes to the land legislation and legal acts regulating land relations during the martial law, it was proved that their adoption was not done in a systematic way. It was found that the established special rules related to the implementation of land management and disposal of land plots for the period of martial law have different goals. It is about simplifying the procedure for disposal of agricultural lands – on the one hand, and on the other hand – activities in the field of land management, land cadastre and land valuation are complicated. It is substantiated that the changes that were made urgently highlighted the problem of imperfect land legislation in general, since the land legislation in force before the start of the war was designed exclusively for peacetime, because the issues of public access to sensitive information, such as: cartographic information, information on the purpose of land plots, names of land uses, names of subjects of land relations, etc. It has been established that the problem related to the provision of business entities and citizens under martial law for the provision of services for the preparation of land management documentation, topographical, geodetic and cartographic works has been resolved. For this purpose, the provision of special permits by the Security Service of Ukraine has been introduced. The urgent need for systematic adjustment of land legislation, both in the context of land management during the period of martial law and after its end (recovery period), as well as the need for harmonization of legislation in connection with European integration, which will become the basis for further research, is substantiated.

USE OF SATELLITE GEODESY IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the article. Analyze scientific publications on the use of traditional geodetic equipment and compare with geodetic equipment using GPS technologies. As a basis for comparison, analyze the method of execution and work cost, time spent on field and chamber work. Determination of the efficiency and expediency of using satellite receivers in works related to the creation of a planning and cartographic basis for the territorial plan. Method. To achieve this goal, the experience of the field shooting method, cameral work and data processing was analyzed. During the research, cadastral plan of the area is developed, new technologies in the field of land management, cadastral, geodetic search works and materials of scientific and practical conferences are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of traditional and satellite methods for geodetic measurement are considered. Results. According to the results of the obtained data, a topographic map of the reserve lands area, comparable methods of using geodetic equipment and the estimated works’ cost were constructed. Scientific novelty. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine the advantages of satellite geodesy in the areas of land management, cadastral, and geodetic search works. The obtained result shows the importance of this direction in modern life and practical activity. Practical value. It is explained by the expansion of opportunities for cadastral needs of modern geodetic measurements, which can replace traditional geodetic measurements. With the help of satellite geodesy, it is expedient to create large-scale maps in a shorter period of time, and they also facilitate the acquisition of data from hard-to-reach or inaccessible objects, and objects that require the permission of the land user (owner) to conduct work.

Formalizing the land inventory process for information support of land projects management

The subject of study in this work is the land inventory process. The work increases the efficiency of the land inventory process by finding the possibility of reducing the amount of topographic surveying work by algorithmizing and systematizing the information flows with a combination of qualitatively different data. Objectives: to analyze the land inventory process within land management projects to identify possible ways of its efficiency improvement; focusing on information flows, to create an information model for the inventory process; to develop scientific-methodological basis for information support of land management projects to reduce the amount of topographic surveying for implementation into decision support systems for land management. The following results were obtained. The requirements of the current legislation on the inventory of land plots and related tasks are generalized. A set-theoretic model of information flows of the inventory process, which combines the approaches of functional modeling, is proposed. It allows us to combine the qualitatively different data, consider their dynamic nature and the logic of interaction. IDEF3-model developed. This model considers remote sensing data as a source of accurate and up-to-date information, algorithmizes the mechanism of their combination with other information about land plots and explains the dynamic nature of its changes with time. A method for creating a database of the working inventory land plan is proposed. It combines information about land plots from several sources, reduces the amount of topographic surveying by selecting plots that needed to be coordinated (determined) with the geospatial data. The developed scientific-methodological basis of information support for land projects forms the structure of information technology for land inventory. Its usage will reduce the number of resources required for the implementation of land projects, at the same time forming reliable conclusions about the state of the land by using geographic information systems (GIS) and combining dissimilar data. Conclusions. The results of the bibliographic search confirmed the following. The effectiveness of the land inventory process, which ensures compliance with legislation in the field of land management, is very difficult because of the need to analyze a large amount of different information appears, which may contain errors, inconsistent and contradictory data. This requires the development of specialized models and method focused on the use of GIS for their implementation into decision support systems for land management. Scientific-methodological basis of information support for land projects during the inventory of land plots has been developed, practical usage of which confirmed that the time costs for obtaining the land plot research data decreased by almost 33% and the accuracy of measuring geometric dimensions of the land plot increased by about 1%.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) support for subdivision phase of land readjustment: A case study from Turkey

Land readjustment (LR) is a zoning implementation that has various components. When the methods of zoning plan implementations are examined, even if these implementations have common parts, they can vary from one country to another in a juridical frame. LR used as a land transition tool for many years in Turkey, sometimes causes a number of problems. Especially, at the phase of subdivision-distribution-allocation which is the important part of the process, the implementation can be annulled by the courts because of the implementer’s failures. Using geographical data obtained with usual terrestrial measuring technique can be seen one of the most important reason of this problem. The aim of this study is that, supporting of the subdivision phase of LR implementation via orthophoto and digital elevation model (DEM) generated by photogrammetric methods. So, a pilot area was selected and a sample LR implementation was executed. Land related up-to-date information and data were obtained via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). So, it is seen that additional data generated using orthophoto and DEM, increased the accuracy of subdivision process and contributed to the right decision making. Besides, this approach which does not require additional land exploration, is useful in both time and cost. Also, this study shows that, if the UAV technology is used appropriately, its solutions can make significant contributions in the field of land management.

System and organizational structure of public administration in the field of land management, geodesy, cartography and land cadastre

Issues related to land relations occupy an important place in the activities of the state. The implementation of state land policy involves the implementation of public authorities activities in the field of land relations, aimed at rational use and protection of land, ensuring food security of the country and creating environmentally friendly conditions for economic activity and residence of citizens. The quality of state land policy is determined taking into account the criteria (requirements) of proper state management of land resources contained in the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
 The results of the analysis of the real situation in Ukraine allow us to state that today these measures have not been fully implemented. The state land policy can be considered as being in the process of formation and not fully meeting European and world criteria and requirements for proper land management. Today in Ukraine there is no approved at the legislative level of the general strategy for the development of land resources and land relations [1].
 Among a wide range of public administration entities in the field of land relations, organizational activities of public administration in the field of land management, geodesy, cartography and land cadastre, has a separate system of entities designed in accordance with regulations to ensure implementation of state policy in the field of national infrastructure of geospatial data, topographic, geodetic and cartographic activities, land relations, land management, in the field of state land cadastre, state supervision (control) in the agro-industrial complex in terms of compliance with land legislation, use and protection of lands of all categories and forms of ownership, soil fertility.
 On the basis of the analysis of normative-legal regulation the article defines the range of subjects of public administration of general, special and subject competence in the field of land management, geodesy, cartography and land cadastre.

Rethinking Legal Criteria for Assessing Compensation for Rural Land Expropriation: Towards a European Institutional Framework

In public management, it is common to face conflicting objectives, particularly in relation to land use. Adequate land use management requires a valuation of land that incorporates the value of all its characteristics. That is, in addition to the traditional direct use value, it must incorporate the non-use value (existence and legacy), as well as the indirect use and option values. The analytic hierarchy process is used, firstly, to identify the priority values based on a panel of experts, and secondly, in assessment of use/non-use values, using market valuation techniques as support. As a result, we analyse the trade-offs among all values, and the respondent’s consistency. At first, we observed that the soil with the highest protection had the lowest market value in terms of direct use. However, considering the weights of the panel of experts, we can conclude that the market value only represents 7.6% of the total value. Non-market values represent 92.4% of the total value. The underlying aim is to facilitate decision-making in the field of land management to increase social welfare and the resilience of landscapes.

Modernization of Legislation on Control and Supervisory Activities in the Field of Land Management in the Russian Federation

The authors of the presented article consider the main changes in land legislation that occurred in 2020-2021 regarding the modernization of legislation on control and supervisory activities in the field of federal state land control (supervision). These changes require the study and attention of both public authorities and individuals and legal entities. The article analyzes the main provisions of the Federal Law of 11.06.2021 N 170-FZ "On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law "On State Control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation" regarding the implementation of state land control (supervision), as well as new documents adopted in its development. It is concluded that not only legislation changes, but also activities in the field of land control (supervision) as one of the main functions of land and other real estate management.

Нові виклики кадрового забезпечення геодезичних та землевпорядних робіт України

ine. Purpose of the article is to reveal the new challenges of staffing of geodetic and land management works and the main directions of its improvement. Results. The importance of the creation of effective staffing of topographic, geodetic and cartographic works in the conditions of decentralization of power and land reform has been substantiated. The comparative analysis for the training of certified surveying engineers and certified land management engineers have been considered in the article. The common and distinctive features in training and retraining of skills for self-execution of topographic, geodetic and cartographic works have been defined. The role of public organizations in the field of geodesy and land management has been analyzed. The process of liability insurance of the executor of geodetic and land management works to the customer have been studied. The principles of effective staffing of geodetic and land management works has been defined. It were found main directions of personnel potential improvement. A model of staffing of geodetic and land management works has been developed, which consists of the following stages: obtaining higher education, passing a qualifying exam, entering the State Register, membership in public organizations, liability insurance for the quality of work, advanced training. Conclusions. It has substantiated that one of the main tasks for today is to updating the requirements for staffing of geodetic and land management works, which will determine the key aspects of the further priority of modern land management production. Thus, staffing balances the interests of the public, entrepreneurship and ecological using of land resources, regulating land relations in sphere to the involvement of land in certain economic activities with the permission of public authorities and local governments. One of the key directions for the modernization of staffing of geodetic and land management works in Ukraine should be: updating of programs of professional training of engineers-surveyors and engineers-land managers to requirements and needs of production with application of innovative approaches to the decision of topographic-geodetic and cartographic problems that opens big opportunities for the Ukrainian experts; as well as improvement and strengthening of professional training and retraining, advanced training of employees in the field of topographic, geodetic and cartographic works; as well as conducting seminars, webinars, consultations and meetings to get acquainted and explain legal norms and technological advanced ideas in the field of land management and geodesy.

Tinjauan Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Alas Hak Atas Tanah (Studi Putusan Nomor: 347/PDT/2014/PT-Mdn)

Land disputes are unavoidable today, this is because various land needs are very high in today's times while the number of land parcels is limited. This demands improvements in the field of land management and use for the welfare of the community and especially legal certainty. The research method used in this paper is a normative juridical method. The research method used is library research and field research. Arrangement of rights regarding the basis of land rights as regulated in Law No. 5 of 1996 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles, regulating several land rights that are on the earth's surface, under the earth's surface, and above the air. The factors causing the frequent emergence of land dispute problems include: the land administration system, especially in terms of land certification, which is not right, the distribution of land ownership is not evenly distributed, the legality of land ownership is based solely on formal evidence (certificates), without regard to productivity. soil. The process of resolving disputes over land rights in decision number: 347 / Pdt / 2014 / PT-Mdn is resolved through the litigation channel, where in the litigation line the judiciary is given the authority to hold authority and adjudicate a dispute. In every dispute resolution process through litigation, the parties involved in the dispute must follow the procedures set out in the procedural law.

Особливості правового регулювання управління у сфері використання та охорони земель України

The article considers some legal aspects of legal regulation of land use and protection. The principles on the basis of which the legal regulation of administrative activity is carried out are analyzed. It is determined that management in the field of land use and protection is one of the types of social management, and in the process of implementing state policy in the field of land use government and officials perform regulatory, incentive, control and punitive functions, which are analyzed in the article. Emphasis is placed on the main functions entrusted to public authorities and officials in the implementation of state policy on land use and protection, as well as the introduction of balanced land use, conservation and restoration of natural ecological systems. It is determined that important areas of state policy in the field of land management and protection are standardization and regulation in the field of land use. The article draws attention to the features proposed in the legal literature that are characteristic of regulatory documents. The system of governing bodies is defined as a set of structural elements endowed with the relevant powers defined by current regulations. The main powers of the management bodies of special competence in the field of land use and protection are determined, attention is paid to the normative documents that consolidate their competence. Based on the results of the research, the article formulates conclusions that are based on the provisions of legal doctrine and current legislation.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT AND COMPONENTS OF THE LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECT REGARDING THE ALLOCATION OF THE LAND PLOT

The article is devoted to the study of changes that have occurred during the development of the land management project for the allocation of land when changing regulations in the field of land management and cadastre. Land management projects for the allocation of land plots are developed in the case of the formation of new land plots from state and communal lands and in the event of a change in the purpose of land plots. They can also provide for the division, consolidation of land owned by one person. The main documents regulating the technological process of land management project development for land allotment are the Land Code and the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management", which consists of 6 stages: obtaining a project development permit, concluding an agreement with the developer of land management documentation, project development, project approval, entering data into the State Land Cadastre and project approval. Identified changes in the technological process of development of land management project for the allocation of land, which include: 1. The powers of local governments and executive authorities to transfer land ownership have been changed. At the same time, powers were tied to the boundaries of territorial communities instead of the boundaries of settlements. 2. Simplified the procedure for cadastral survey of land. The procedure of agreeing on the boundaries of the land plot and restrictions, transferring the boundaries in kind (on the ground) and establishing boundary markers becomes optional. 3. The state examination of land management documentation was canceled. 4. Simplified the procedure for approving the land management project for the allocation of land. The agreement with the territorial body of the State Geocadastre on the location of the land plot and the bodies implementing the state policy in the field of cultural heritage protection, forestry, water management, environmental protection, urban planning and architecture has been canceled. The following is added to the cadastral plan of the land plot: information on the transfer in kind (on the ground) of the boundaries of protection zones, coastal protection strips and beach zones, sanitary protection zones, sanitary protection zones and zones of special land use regime and land boundaries; information on the established boundary markers.

Procedure for implementation of strategic environmental assessment in the field of land management on the basis of integration models

This article analyses the legal framework for strategic environmental assessment of state planning documents in the EU, where such an assessment has been conducted for a long time, as well as in Ukraine. The lack of scientific and methodological bases for the implementation of the procedure of strategic environmental assessment in the field of land management has been established. The procedure for implementing the SEA in land management has been updated, namely for land management documentation, that is a subject to such assessment. The stage of development of such documentation on which it is most expedient to carry out SEA is offered. In the framework of this study, land management documentation, that is a subject to strategic environmental assessment, as well as the conditions under which individual documents are subject to SEA are defined. The goals and objectives of the SEA in the field of land management are defined, as well as the main stages of the SEA, in particular in the field of land management. We have analysed the models of integration of strategic environmental assessment into land management and found that the introduction of partial and complete models of integration of SEA into land management is the most appropriate. The list of components which should be contained by the SEA of land management documentation is offered, and also the most expedient analytical tools necessary at realization of SEA are defined.

Situations Arising in the Administration of Justice and Requiring the Application of Special Knowledge from the Sphere of Land Management

The article identifies topical problems of the quality of forensic land surveys. The main attention is paid to the importance of special knowledge in the field of land management for the consideration of judicial dispute at the present time. The direction of development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of forensic land management expertise is indicated. Cases of the need for various types of legal proceedings in special land management knowledges are generalized.