Field Of Land Management Research Articles

Accountabities of Land-ownership’s Representative in Vietnam

This article focuses on the State's accountability as an owner representative in the process of land management in Vietnam. Based on the requirements of building a socialist rule of law state and the people’s land ownership, the article points out the gaps in law and barriers in the process of exercising accountability in the field of land management. On that basis, the article proposes solutions to improve the law to ensure the accountability of the State, through the relevant agencies, that are assigned the right to represent the land owner in Vietnam

The analytical review of real estate accounting and registration systems considering the “Smart city” paradigm

The article examines publication activity, and provides a general overview of key scientific and technological features and also analyses domestic and foreign research in the field of land management. The conclusions highlight the focus of the Russian scientific community and propose the ideas for development prospects of this field.

О СОДЕРЖАНИИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНОВ РОСРЕЕСТРА И ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ НАЛОГОВОЙ СЛУЖБЫ В ЦЕЛЯХ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ НАЛОГОВО-БЮДЖЕТНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ГОСУДАРСТВА

The article discusses the urgent problem of improving the information interaction between Rosreestr and the Federal Tax Service of the country, the optimization of the solution of which will allow not only to collect all planned taxes and tax payments in full and on time, but also to take into account within the framework of tax policy a fundamental aspect – the need for a consistent transition of regions to a "green" economy and sustainable development. Plans for such a transition have been developed and their subsequent adjustment is reflected in the Presidential Development Program of the country for the period until 2024, and in certain areas – until 2035. The complexity of their implemen-tation is mainly determined by economic reasons, reluctance, and in some cases, the premature im-plementation of environmentally expensive projects. The article proposed and analyzed options for taxation of real estate, allowing in the future to significantly increase, with a simultaneous differentia-tion of the tax burden, tax revenues to the budgets of different levels. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interaction of scientific technological knowledge and the practice determined by it, which are available in modern land management, cadastre and land monitoring represented by Rosreestr, with the main economic regulators of the NBP, represented by its partner, the Federal Tax Service, which has not only practical but also theoretical significance, empha-sized, in particular, by the rich content and multipurpose practice of world land management. The re-sults of this study were conclusions regarding a certain generality of the results of the activities of Rosreestr and the Federal Tax Service on modeling real geospace; increasing the possibilities of mod-ern knowledge in the field of land management and cadastre in solving problems of improving the in-formation support of property taxation.

Technologies for Digital Modeling of Spatial Information About the Area for Agricultural Production

One of the topical trends in the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation is digitalization and automation of methods for processing spatial information about various land resources. The main element of the implementation of this direction in practice can be considered a three-dimensional digital terrain model. This model allows solving many problems in the field of land management, in particular, such as analyzing the surface of the terrain in order to determine its suitability for agricultural production. Despite a number of existing problems in this area, an automated digital land management system will enable public authorities to implement an integrated and systematic approach to management, that is, to more efficiently use the land resources, influence the land market, as well as attract the investments and create the necessary conditions. for sustainable development of the territory.

Deregulation in the Field of Legal Regulation of Land Relations or the New "Land Constitution"

Deregulation in land relations involves the elimination of unnecessary bureaucratic procedures. At present, one of the priorities in Ukraine is the transformation of the State Geocadastre into a service-oriented service, where services will be provided to all interested people. In turn, this will give owners and entrepreneurs the opportunity to save time and money, while also minimizing corruption risks. On April 28, 2021, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine « On Amendments to the Land Code of Ukraine and Other Legislative Acts to Improve the System of Management and Deregulation in the Sphere of Land Relations » , popularly known as the new Land Constitution. This article aims to reflect how this bill is revolutionary in the legal regulation of land relations. This law introduces radical changes to 6 codes of Ukraine and 24 laws of Ukraine. Significant changes in legislation are taking place over time, which lead to a new challenge for communities, opportunities for development, filling their own budgets, building a policy on the rational use of such an important and limited resource – land. The changes provide for the redistribution of powers in the field of land management in terms of their territorial affiliation, as well as the redistribution of powers in terms of control over the use and protection of land. The powers of the State Geocadastre are also changing due to the deregulation of a number of current functions, for example, the state examination of land management documentation is being abolished. O ne of the most important innovations in the procedure of forming the site is the abolition of the state examination of land management documentation. The article reflects that the Law affects a broad layer of regulation of land relations and makes significant changes in the legal field of land.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МАЛЫХ ФОРМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ

In the course of the work on the presented study, the scientific works of leading scientists in the field of land management were analyzed. In the course of their analysis, it was determined that the leading role in the development of the agro-industrial complex and the formation of new relations in rural areas belongs to agriculture. Accordingly, to ensure the proper functioning of small agricultural producers, it is necessary to solve the problem of optimizing their land use. The authors believe that one of the key positions in optimizing the use of territories should be played by "smart land use" and the process of its creation. The paper reveals the process of determining the most significant factors in the formation and functioning of small forms of management, since it is small forms of management that are the most flexible and easily adaptable to the rapidly changing modern economic, legal and so-cial conditions.The evidence base was a statistical analysis of the formation and development of small forms of agriculture of the Russian Federation on a number of indicators: the composition of land, agricultural production, area. The authors propose to identify several groups of factors that affect the optimal parameters of land use. Groups of factors are designated as limiting, optimizing, and support-ing. The study also determined the weights of factors that affect the optimal size of land use within each group using the hierarchy analysis method. The proposed factors and the identified dependencies are embedded in the "smart land use" model.

Determination of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by Applying Disco-Pro AG Drones in Vineyards

Reliable and up-to-date data on every soil segment of the land areas cultivated for the contemporary land utilization is of vital significance. Currently, the efficient planning and control over the agricultural activities is hardly possible without any reliable and updated information on the yield and agricultural soil types, whereas implementation of drones in the field of land management and in agriculture, on the whole, is one of the most perspective directions, since unlike the artificial sattelites, they provide more precise and guided images for the given location. The aim of the research is to produce the digital field model and NDVI map for the crops by applying Parrot Disco-Pro AG drone kit.

Problems and areas to improve a land monitoring system in Ukraine

Relevance of the research. A scientific and theoretical analysis of the legislation in the field of monitoring of land use and protection was carried out. The problem of information imperfection on the quantitative and qualitative state of land resources, which is the basis of land monitoring, was identified. The problem of land monitoring is the imperfection of the monitoring system itself, namely the collection of information on the land state, the spread of degradation processes by various entities of monitoring. The current Regulations on land monitoring were considered and it is proposed to provide for the expansion of the types of analytical work, to adapt the European standards in the selection, transportation and storage of soil samples, to impose mandatory quality control on all works. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, the main task of monitoring is to monitor the dynamics of the processes taking place in the field of land management. Monitoring data are used in making decisions on construction, establishing permitted types of land use, which help prevent land degradation. The updated monitoring data enable public administration bodies to make appropriate demands to land users to eliminate the violations in the field of land use and protection, as well as to bring to justice those responsible for these violations. To ensure the effective functioning of the unified monitoring system, it is necessary to solve a number of organizational, technical and other problems. The main disadvantages of this system are the obsolescence of technical, methodological and information equipment of the monitoring system centers used during observations; lack of a single observation network; inconsistency of separate information technologies used by different entities of monitoring; inconsistency of normative-technical and normative-legal provision with modern requirements. These problems can be solved by creating a new network of observations, but it requires a large amount of funding. 
 The Concepts of the State Target Program for the development of land relations in Ukraine and the Concepts of the State Program for Environmental Monitoring were considered, which provide for the improvement of the land monitoring by maximizing the existing potential and gradual improvement of organizational, legal, methodological and technical support of the monitoring system, taking into account current information needs and the recommendations of the UN Economic Commission for Europe. A necessary requirement for the effective counteraction to violations of land legislation and non-compliance with the norms of rational land use is the improvement of the regulatory framework for land monitoring.
 It is necessary to clearly specify the following: the purpose and objectives of monitoring as well as the methods of its implementation; main stages and steps of the land monitoring procedure; powers of the implementation entities of this procedure; basic criteria and standards for evaluating the state of land resources and crisis detection. It is also necessary to develop and legislate the procedure for Ukraine's participation in international monitoring studies on land conditions, etc. Currently in Ukraine there is no single methodology for conducting observations, due to the lack of monitoring networks, as well as a modern information system on the state of natural resources, in particular - land. According to scientists, the monitoring requirements are currently met only by agrochemical inspection of agricultural land, however, it is not monitoring: certification does not give a complete picture of land condition; it is not carried out on permanent plots and by a very limited list of indicators and focuses only on the evaluation of individual characteristics, without identifying numerous other physical, chemical and biological indicators. 
 Conclusions. According to the current legislation, the land monitoring system is improved by defining and developing standards and regulations in the field of land use and protection, including protection and reproduction of soil fertility. Improving the land monitoring procedure in Ukraine requires the development and implementation of a set of mechanisms for coordinating the interaction and coordination of all monitoring entities using a single system of methods and technologies in planning, organizing and conducting observations and joint activities, which will facilitate the rapid response of local executive bodies and governments to the occurrence or threat of emergencies and proper control over their development and elimination of consequences.
 The main areas of developing the land monitoring system include: improving organizational and legal support of monitoring; establishing a single integrated monitoring system; optimizing land monitoring methods, determining and developing standards and regulations in the field of land use and protection; ensuring the integration of information resources; strengthening the coordination of the activities of monitoring entities and data management within the state system of land monitoring in Ukraine; participating in international monitoring studies on land condition and harmonization of national standards with the international ones in order to integrate the national land monitoring system in the international systems.

Effectiveness of geographic information systems in land management and cadastres

In the article, the authors consider the effectiveness of geographic information systems in the field of land management and cadastres. The authors also analyzed the basic set of functions implemented in GIS.

Development of higher engineering education in Russia in the context of Bologna process

The process of reforming higher education in Russian Federation continues. One of the main areas of these reforms is an introduction of principles of Bologna process into Russian higher education system. It was launched after Russia ratified the Bologna Declaration in 2003. Since the beginning of reforms and up to now there have not been lingering disputes about feasibility of introducing the principles of Bologna Agreement into higher education. The article deals with the history of reforms on the example of higher education in land management in Russia. Dynamics of indicators of higher education institutions which carry out training under programs in the field of land management and cadastre have been studied. Introduction of federal state educational standards associated with introduction and/ or updating of current education within Bologna process in 2020 has been considered. Updating (introduction of FGOS 3++ standard) will be implemented in all directions of bachelor degree. First of all it is guided to consideration of requirements of professional standards. The process of development of the Institute of State Accreditation of higher education institutions of Russia, its current status and problems faced by higher education institutions during accreditation process have been studied.

Правовые особенности формирования государственной политики в области управления земельными ресурсами

Правовые особенности формирования государственной политики в области управления земельными ресурсами

Land management international integration — new approaches and prospects

This article analyzes the main problems of implementing programs for integrating efforts of the CIS countries in the fi eld of land management. The role of modern land administration in realization of the tasks of effective land resources management at the international level in the era of “big challenges” is shown in this paper. The authors considered the possibilities of CIS educational institutions in solving issues of geoinformation support of agro-industrial complex. New approaches and digital land management technologies that provide a signifi cant (up to 30%) increase in land use effi ciency are proposed here as well. The article notes necessity of new staff preparation in the branch in the context of digitalization based on the integration of human resource and potential of CIS educational institutions.

Public Administration in the Field of Using and Protecting Land Resources: International Experience and Ukrainian Realities

The generalized experience of management in the field of using and protecting land resources in such countries as Denmark, Canada, Latvia, Germany, Poland, the USA, Switzerland, France and others, as well as features of management realization of this sphere in Ukraine have been considered.
 The purpose of the article is to determine the possibility and feasibility of introducing some elements of positive experience of management of developed countries into Ukraine in the field of use and protection of land resources.
 The methodological basis of the article is a set of general scientific and special research methods. In particular, the method of analysis allowed to study the features of the management of developed countries in the field of use and protection of land resources and to identify inconsistencies in the provisions of national legislation regulating land relations; The comparative legal method was used to compare foreign and Ukrainian experience of management in the field of use and protection of land resources, as well as the possibility of using certain measures aimed at the rational use of land in Ukraine.
 Two types of measures used in other countries to ensure the rational use and protection of land resources have been identified and considered: administrative (which are the form of implementation of state land policy and part of government activities) and economic (which are positive or negative incentives for land owners and users).
 The main problems that exist in the field of land management in Ukraine have been revealed. It has been emphasized that the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre performs at the same time diametrically opposed powers, which are conducive to corruption.
 It has been concluded that in order to ensure the rational use and protection of land resources, especially in the conditions of opening the land market in Ukraine, it is necessary to adopt the experience of more developed countries and make appropriate amendments to national legislation.

Foreign experience in land management to ensure the development of a territorial community

Foreign experience in land management to ensure the development of a territorial community

MODERN INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF FORENSIC LAND-TECHNICAL EXAMINATION

It is proposed to develop principles for formulation taking into account that the recommended list of issues in forensic land-technical or land appraisal, specified in scientific and methodological recommendations is not exhaustive. The normative basis for the implementation of the investigated land technical examination is the entire sphere of land legislation, primarily the Land Code of Ukraine, state and industry standards, norms and rules in the field of land relations, land use and protection. In this regard, the difficulty of comparing the actual land management process in the course of the examination with certain legislative and regulatory acts is due to the lack of most standards in the field of land management, land Cadastre and land protection. The concept of “evidence” in the field of forensic land technical expertise is a legal construction that accumulates the main characteristics and requirements inherent in evidence as a system of interrelated elements (land management process documents, cadastral information, borders, area, cost).

Scientific approaches to the development of the industry standard of the land management projects for the organization of the territory of the scientific institutions, the lands of which have been allocated for agricultural research and educational activities

Законодавство, яке регулювало земельні відносини ще 10 років тому, потребує комплексного оновлення та систематичного підходу до розробки стандартів, норм, правил та обмежень. У статті обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення законодавчого забезпечення ведення землеустрою. Запропоновано концептуальний підхід до формування нормативно-правового забезпечення у сфері землеустрою, який базується на принципах системності, плановості та оптимальності. В основі такого підходу лежить стандартизація та уніфікація видів документації із землеустрою з урахуванням особливостей використання земель відповідно до їх основного цільового призначення. Показано розподіл категорій земель за основним цільовим призначенням відповідно до Земельного кодексу України, який повинен бути основою для створення та вдосконалення стандартів, норм та правил у використанні земель. Обґрунтовано наукові підходи, відповідно до вдосконаленої системи законодавчого забезпечення землеустрою, до розробки, складу та змісту галузевого стандарту проекту землеустрою щодо організації території наукових установ, землі яких надані для здійснення сільськогосподарської науково-дослідної та навчальної діяльності. Такі стандарти повинні встановлювати норми та правила у використанні земель відповідного цільового призначення і видів використання, та бути враховані в обов’язковому порядку при розробці стандартів документації із землеустрою. Ключові слова: землеустрій, землі для здійснення сільськогосподарської науково-дослідної та навчальної діяльності, категорія земель, вид використання, проект землеустрою, організація території, землекористування, основне цільове призначення.

Typical Forensic Situations Arising When Considering Land Disputes

The article presents a detailed examination of typical forensic situations requiring various specialized knowledge for their resolution, primarily in the field of land management. The first of them stems from land disputes over the location, configuration and area of land, as well as real estate related to it. The article presents a list of issues to be resolved by a forensic land surveyor who should have specialized knowledge in the fields of land management, cadastre and registration of real estate as well as from related fields. The second situation is due to the conflicts related to the right of shared ownership on land, dwellings and household constructions located at the premises. Forensic research of this type is presented in stages. It is noted that in this situation both specialized land management and engineering knowledge is applied, which allows to define the type and kind of buildings located on the land in question, the degree of their physical wear and tear, the size of premises as well as other technical characteristics which collectively enable an expert to say whether it is possible to actually split the disputed house and grounds, to consider its options and present them graphically. The third forensic situation is aimed at reviewing the question of whether the building under study is an obstacle to the use of the land (unauthorized construction). A judge’s and expert’s purview in resolving such issues is defined. Particular attention is paid to field observations including search, detection, fixation and evaluation of the characteristics of the construction site located on the land plot. The fourth situation involves disputes over the cadastral value of land plots engaging both a forensic expert and an appraiser. It is shown that although both determine the value of the disputed property their activity differs significantly.

ПОВНОВАЖЕННЯ РДА У СФЕРІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИМИ ВІДНОСИНАМИ: АНАЛІЗ НОРМАТИВНОЇ БАЗИ ТА ПРАКТИКИ

The article provides a scientific analysis of the regulation of the powers of district stateadministrations in the field of land management. It was determined that the normative securing of thefunctions of the district authorities in land management, as well as the regulation of environmentalsafety requires unification, since in the basic laws the norms differ in content and formulation. Thesepowers need to be reflected in the structure of the district state administration, in accordance with thebasic law of administration (the structure of the public authority must correspond to the functions). Inorder to study the practice, the structure of 40 district administrations of different regions of Ukrainewas analyzed; it was found that the actual structure does not correspond to the functional load,which is enshrined in the legislation. It is such inconsistencies that make it impossible to move to thesecond stage of decentralization, which is already taking place at the legislative level.A scientific analysis of the results of the survey of officials of district and local authorities wascarried out. The survey was conducted in the districts that were among the first to complete theprocess of uniting territorial communities. The topic of the survey was the distribution of powers andresponsibilities in various areas, in particular in the field of land relations and environmental issues. It hasbeen established that there is a general tendency to the blurring of the district level of power, since thebulk of powers was given to local governments. A number of functions (control) have been consideredexpedient to perform together by employees of both structures .The problems that may arise in thecooperation of DSA and local governments in the outlined area have been considered. Approaches tothe distribution of powers depending on the stage of land decentralization implementation and the roleof DSA in each of the two proposed administration models have been analyzed

Territorial aspect of forming united territorial communities

To ensure the rational use of land resources and manage them in the territory of Ukraine, it was introduced the process of decentralization of power. The article considers the main problems of newly created united territorial communities in the field of land management. In particular, during the study of domestic and foreign experience, as well as the detailed study of Skorokhodivska united territorial community of Chutiv district of Poltava region, the following problems were identified: uncertainty of the boundaries of united territorial communities territories; incomplete use of land outside settlements; lack of revenues to the local budget from the land payments; inability to plan activities due to lack of information on land resources; land pollution; refusal to meet the needs of citizens in land plots; lack of proposals to attract investors and business in united territorial communities; poor state of melioration systems maintenance and illegal use of abandoned forests. The main causes of these problems are analyzed in the article and the ways of their solution are suggested.

Conceptual Issues of Modern Land Management of Belarus

The purpose of this scientific research is to reveal the theoretical foundations of modern land management and determine its tasks. The patterns of land management, its tasks and principles are formulated in the conditions of modern agrarian reform. The system of interconnected forecasting and design of land management development is proposed. The methodological and theoretical basis of research is a dialectical method and a systematic approach to the cognition of economic phenomena and processes. According to this method, all objects are viewed not in isolation, but in a reciprocal relationship and in the process of constant development. In the course of the research, monographic, abstract-logical methods, a system approach, comparative analysis, and expert assessments were used. The scientific research is based on the development of domestic scientists, the experience of land management in the Republic of Belarus, land-cadastral data, normative and reference literature. As a result of the research, it was established that in the conditions of the agrarian reform carried out in the Republic of Belarus land management is an effective mechanism for implementing state policy in the field of land management, regulation of land relations, organization of use and protection of land. Modern land management, based on the state strategy of land reforms, should have a concept of its development based on the laws, which were set in the work, as well as successful solve these problems. For the successful solving of the problems, it is important to revive the previously existing system of forecast and project of land management development in an improved form.