Field Of Computer Information Research Articles

Экстремизм и терроризм в сети Интернет как преступления в сфере компьютерной информации мирового масштаба

In modern conditions of informatization, the population is faced with problems of a different nature, as well as various forms of manifestation. The problem is considered, which has a universal character, which on a global scale represents the spread of the ideology of terrorism and extremism. At the moment, the world community is making enormous efforts to develop the latest methods and means of combating these particularly serious crimes, such as extremism and terrorism, their consequences are cruel and sometimes even irreparable. When studying issues related to extremism and terrorism on the Internet, well-known theoretical methods were used: deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis. The use of the formal legal method of private law made it possible to study and evaluate the texts of regulatory legal acts. The purpose of study is to analyze the general characteristics of extremism and terrorism on the Internet as an illegal act committed in the field of computer information on a global scale, as well as to identify and resolve the most pressing and controversial issues, both theoretically and practically, in relation to the problem under consideration. Today, terrorists and extremists are increasingly using the sphere of telecommunications and computer information to realize their criminal intentions. Let us note that extremist and terrorist crimes committed specifically using the sphere of computer information pose global threats, are very dangerous and serious not only for Russian society and the state, but also for the world community in general. The damage caused by these types of crimes is growing exponentially.

Tactics of detection and fixation of electronic and digital traces of crimes in the field of computer information

Tactics of detection and fixation of electronic and digital traces of crimes in the field of computer information

FORENSIC INVESTIGATION AS ANOTHER PROCEDURAL ACTION IN THE SYSTEM OF MEANS OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

Abstract: the article deals with the issues of optimization and rationalization of criminal procedure and forensic activities. The need for changes is caused by the technological equipment of crime, the growth of crimes in the field of computer information and crimes using information and telecommunication technologies, which generates an increasing number of digital traces. The current criminal procedure legislation and technical and forensic activities must be adapted to work with complex information technology devices and digital traces. For these purposes, it is necessary to introduce the concept of forensic examination of documents, objects and electronic media. The right to conduct forensic research should be vested in the investigator (inquirer), and based on its results, draw up a report. If necessary, the investigator may invite a specialist in accordance with applicable law. A specialist on the results of a forensic investigation should draw up a specialist opinion. Optimization of criminal procedural activity will be ensured due to a more harmonious, from the point of view of legal technique, legal basis for conducting any research within the framework of criminal proceedings.

Особенности криминалистической характеристики преступлений в сфере компьютерной информации

The purpose of the research is to identify the main crimes’ forensic characteristics features in the computer information field, inasmuch it makes a great importance in the modern world, as computer crimes are becoming more widespread and threaten the information security, critical infrastructure, personal life and citizens’ finances, organizations and the entire state. The terminological apparatus is analyzed, the classifications of modern cybercriminals are studied, the main approaches to the commission of crimes in the field of computer information are determined. The following methods are used in the research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system method, dialectical and materialistic methods, formal legal method. The study and analysis of the forensic characteristics allows us to determine the most common ways of committing such crimes, to develop effective counteraction measures. It is established that the main difficulty in the investigation of these crimes is the complex technological nature and the order of their commission. Many criminals are constantly improving their skills, the most qualified of them try to be careful, develop their own countermeasures against law enforcement agencies, using ciphers, special remote access programs to make it as difficult as possible to collect evidence and search activities. Among other things, the difficulty of cybercriminals holding liable is complicated if intruders are located in another state, and unfortunately, one cannot count on international cooperation in the field of law and order and public security with many Western countries today.

QUESTIONS OF QUALIFICATION OF CYBER-EXTORTION

The problem of ensuring information security today comes to the fore. Information is becoming an increasingly valuable object that requires special protection. Society, transforming into a digital one, is becoming increasingly dependent on information resources and information and telecommunication networks. Recently, cases of the use of encryption programs for information have become widespread, with subsequent demands for the payment of large sums of money for the preservation of data and their decryption. To date, "cyber extortion" falls under the signs of crimes in the field of computer information, such as unauthorized access to computer information (Article 272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and the creation, use and distribution of malicious computer programs (Article 273 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In our opinion, this is not enough. It is proposed to supplement Article 163 of the Criminal Code with additional objective signs aimed at protecting computer information.

Peculiarities of qualification of criminal offenses provided for in Section XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine committed in complicity.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the qualification of criminal offenses under Articles 361-363-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, committed in complicity by a group of persons. Today it is impossible to imagine a civilized society without digital technologies. However, it is important to remember that crime is also constantly changing and transforming with the development of technology, new types of criminal offenses are emerging, including those committed in cyberspace and with the use of information technology and computer information. Issues related to the fight against "cybercrime" are very acute for law enforcement officers around the world, on a par with such high-profile crimes as terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking and others. Thus, in March 20221 at the XIV UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, attention was paid to the manifestation of new forms of crime, the Parties agreed to develop cooperation in the fight against cybercrime. Counteracting crime involves eliminating determinants of a particular type. According to the content of the causes and conditions of committing "criminal offenses in the field of computer information" are legal, so improving criminal law is one way to reduce their level. In recent years, the level of criminal offenses in the field of computer information has increased significantly. One of such problematic issues is the peculiarities of the qualification of criminal offenses committed in complicity. Attention is paid to the definition of complicity by prior conspiracy of a group of persons and the characteristics of qualifications. The specifics of complicity of a group of persons in committing criminal offenses in the field of computer information are such that contacts of subjects are not personal (physical), but through information networks (virtual) and establishing the fact of complicity before criminal illegal activities of such persons and their documentation is an extremely important issue. The issues of complex forms of complicity are also considered: organized group and criminal organization. Based on the results of this work, conclusions and prospects for further research in this direction were made.

Цифровые финансовые активы как предмет преступлений в сфере информационных технологий по законодательству Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the proposal to define the concept of “right to property”, as well as crypto-currencies as the subject of theft by modifying computer information (Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus), fraud in the field of computer information (Article 159.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The author’s conclusions make it possible to identify directions for the transformation of the current provisions of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation in terms of theft committed through the use of information technology.

Digitalization of Crime and Criminal Law

Russia's entry into the era of the information society entailed a significant transformation of the economy, the ways people communicate, the nature of social ties, which could not but affect crime. Representatives of the criminal community adopted quickly new information and communication technologies and moved a significant part of their illegal activities to the online space, as a result of which crime acquired qualitatively new characteristics. Digitalization has changed not only the qualitative parameters, but also the scale of crime. Crimes in the field of computer information in their volumes are many times higher (by how many orders of magnitude) than all other types of crimes taken together. Digitalization processes have had a significant impact on traditional segments of crime, including mercenary crime. In most cases, the object of mercenary encroachments is no longer things (including cash), but non-cash funds. And with the development, complexity and diversification of digital financial and quasi-financial turnover, new types of "disembodied" assets are becoming increasingly the subject of theft - cryptocurrency, consumer loyalty bonuses, virtual objects used by players in multiplayer online games. In accordance with this, the methods of theft are transformed inevitably. Illegal access to legally-protected computer information, malicious computer programs, and social engineering methods are used to steal non-cash money and intangible financial assets. Thus, the digitalization of the global economy and Russian society has changed radically the criminal landscape, the scale, structure and qualitative characteristics of crime. In fact, the criminal law should respond promptly to the ongoing transformations, properly take into account the new criminal reality, adapt to it, create new and adapt existing tools to counter illegal activities. However, the current criminal legislation clearly lags behind modern crime trends, which reduces its preventive and protective potential. The author comes to the disappointing conclusion that the adaptation of criminal legislation and law enforcement practice to counteract digital crime is slow, inconclusive and contradictory, showing the relevant problems on exact examples. From the author's point of view, modern criminological reality requires a change in the vectors of criminal policy, transformation of basic criminal law provisions and institutions, clarification of existing criminal law prohibitions and criminalization of new socially dangerous acts, i.e. a full-scale reform of criminal law.

The essence and classification of cybercrime in the field of computer information

Cimes in the field of computer information have become pressing issue in society today. Its relevance is evidenced by news from around the world, criminal statistics, problematic issues in the science of criminal law, as well as problems in criminal proceedings. All this is due to the fact that as a phenomenon, crimes in the field of computer information belong to the very specific category that is constantly evolves technological progress. The purpose of the article is to study the phenomenon of crimes in the field of computer information, to define the concept of crimes in the field of computer information and types of these crimes, to provide general characteristics of crimes in the field of computer information, as well as to identify their classification. Various methods of scientific knowledge were used as a methodological basis for writing this article. In particular, comparison methods, analogies and generalization methods were used. In our time, cybercrime has spiraled out of the control of one state's law enforcement agencies and has become a significant interstate and transnational problem.

Approaches to Understanding and Normative Definition of the Category “Cybercrime” and Related Concepts in the Practice of Regional International Organizations

INTRODUCTION. Against the background of the unfolding epidemic of coronavirus, the trends in cybercrime that appeared in previous years have reached unprecedented magnitudes. The rapid transfer of many basic spheres of social functioning to a digital platform in an actual legal vacuum provided criminals with almost unlimited opportunities. In these circumstances, the task of improving and unifying the basic categories in the field of combating the «new form of crime» is of paramount interest not only from the point of view of theory, but also in order to create an effective international legal mechanism to counter this threat.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The material for the study were legal documents developed under the auspices of 14 regional international organizations, which represent one or another regional group, scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists. The methodological basis of the study was the general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, traditional for legal work.RESEARCH RESULTS. The study revealed inconsistencies in terminology, the absence of a uniformly understood and applied normative definition of a «new form of crime» and related concepts that would meet the criterion of authenticity. Regional international organizations operate with such concepts as "cybercrime", "attacks against information systems", "crimes in the field of computer information", "crimes in the field of information technology", "information crime", "crimes related to computers and networks", "digital security risks", "the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for terrorist and criminal purposes". All this indicates the absence of common approaches to understanding the very essence and specific features of this criminal phenomenon.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author draws attention to the fact that the term "cybercrime" is used in 7 out of 14 groups of international documents of a regional nature. Analysis of the work of domestic and foreign researchers confirms the validity of the use of the term "cybercrime", as most fully and accurately reflecting the unique properties of this type of crime, its technical component. Based on the correlation and comparative study of the terms "information crime", "computer crime", "cybercrime", the author formulates basic provisions that can be taken into account when trying to develop a unified concept. The author draws attention to the fact that, taking into account the specific nature of the object, subject and virtual environment of committing these crimes, any legal norm should be formulated and correlated with the objective possibility of its practical implementation, taking into account technical characteristics.

Criminal liability for organizing a stable group of persons aimed at committing crimes in the field of computer information

The article analyzes legal problems arising in connection with the establishment of criminal liability for organizing a stable group of persons for committing crimes in the field of computer information. The urgency of this topic is due to the negative dynamics of crimes associated with computer technology and committed by criminal communities or organizations as well as the constant growth of damage from them. The author evaluates the current criminal law measures to counter organized cybercrime, identifying their shortcomings. The provisions of domestic and foreign criminal legislation were analyzed, which made it possible to identify some legal gaps and identify ways to overcome them. The article proves that the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not fully cover cases of the creation of organized criminal groups aimed at committing illegal activities in the field of computer information. In particular, responsibility is not differentiated between a group of persons by prior conspiracy and an organized group; the category of crimes and the absence of the purpose of making profit do not allow qualifying the act as committed by a criminal community or a criminal organization. It is advisable to recognize the very fact of the creation of illegal organized formations as a separate tort, as is done in the legislation of individual countries of the “common law” legal family, as well as in domestic norms regulating countering terrorism and extremism. It is proposed to include in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation a norm providing for responsibility for organizing a stable group of persons aimed at committing crimes in the field of computer information. The wording of the corresponding article has been formulated, which can be used as a recommendation when improving legislation.

Fraud in the field of computer information (Art. 1596 of the CC RF): comparison with similar crimes

Fraud in the field of computer information (Art. 1596 of the CC RF): comparison with similar crimes

Problems of conducting investigative actions in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information

Problems of conducting investigative actions in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information

Extremist Crimes Committed Using the Sphere of Telecommunications and Computer Information

To successfully counter extremist and terrorist crime in the virtual space, it is important to implement measures for improving legislation (clarification of extremism features, the introduction of a list of extremist crimes into the law, etc.), as well as measures to improve the training of law enforcement officials, wider involvement of specialists and experts in the investigation of cases, establishing cooperation with providers in order to timely identify extremist and terrorist crimes, a deeper study of the personality of criminals who specialize in committing extremist crimes using the field of telecommunications and computer information. The use of telecommunications and computer information in the commission of extremist crimes indicates a high intellectual level of the criminal, which helps him not only to commit high-tech crimes, but also to hinder the investigation of his actions using the same knowledge and experience. In this regard, the social danger of both the criminal and the offence committed by him increases, which should be taken into account when solving and investigating crimes. In addition, the professionalism of criminals makes increased demands on law enforcement officers investigating crimes of this type, which means that it is necessary to constantly improve their training in the field of computer information and telecommunication technologies. The paper discusses some issues of classification of extremism using computer and telecommunication networks, gives a definition of extremism, and suggests ways to solve problems in the qualification and organization of the investigation of the crimes in question.

Initiation of a Criminal Case for an Offence in the Field of Computer Information: Russian and Foreign Experience

The paper examines the theoretical and practical foundations of the initiation of criminal cases for crimes in the field of computer information. The stage of pre-investigation verification of a crime report is quite difficult due to the need to identify and consolidate the trace picture, requires the involvement of special knowledge in the field of information technology, the performance of certain actions, including of a technical nature, etc. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign sources carried out by the authors, generalization of forensic practice and procedural regulation, an algorithm has been developed for conducting a pre-investigation check of reports of a crime of this type. Particular attention is given to tactical recommendations for interviewing a victim, namely an individual and a legal entity. Other verification and investigative actions are presented, depending on typical versions and situations. The operational search measures used to establish the fact of a crime are considered separately. At the same time, the generalization of the forensic practice of investigating crimes in the field of computer information and the questioning of representatives of law enforcement agencies made it possible to identify certain problematic points related to the pre-investigation verification of reports on these crimes, including the procedure for the treatment of victims with reports of incidents, with information from open sources of cyberspace within the framework of operational-search activities, etc. Based on the results of the research conducted by the authors, effective foreign practices are proposed, the transfer of which to domestic soil will help reduce the latency of these crimes, increase the efficiency of investigation and disclosure of this category of criminal cases.

Features of the initial stage of investigating fraud with financial resources in cyberspace

The article aims to characterize the forensic features of the initial stage of investigating fraud with financial resources in cyberspace, its significance, analysis, and justification as a type of cybercrime that is dangerous for everyone, and prove the need for urgent measures to prevent and combat such criminal offenses. The authors used several methods of scientific cognition: logical-semantic, system-structural, analytical, formal-legal, forecasting, dialectical, interpretation, and hermeneutics. The article focuses on the general provisions of the forensic characteristics of Internet fraud with financial resources; analysis of the information model of the mechanism of committing fraud with financial resources in the field of computer information; coverage of the tactical features of individual investigative actions at the initial stage of the investigation of fraud with financial resources in cyberspace. It was concluded that the effectiveness of combating Internet fraud and the level of cybersecurity in Ukraine is very low. Therefore, the investigation of fraud with financial resources in cyberspace requires in-depth specific knowledge from the subjects of the investigation.

Cyber crime, computer crime or cyber offense? The analysis of the features of a terminology application

Today cybercrime and computer terrorism are identified as one of the threats to Ukraine’s national security in the information sphere. Cybersecurity measures include achieving and maintaining security features in the resources of an institution or users, aimed at preventing relevant cyber threats. Cybercrime is a set of criminal offenses committed in cyberspace by computer systems or by using computer networks and other means of access to cyberspace, within computer systems or networks, as well as against computer systems, computer networks and computer data, has been widely developed. The paper considers such terms as «computer crime», «information crime», «crime in the field of computer information», «crimes in the field of information technology». Scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers on the issues of countering cybercrime are analyzed. The connection of the concept of «cybersecurity» with the terms «cybercrime», «computer crime» and «cybercrime» the concepts of «cybercrime» was given. The difference in the interpretation of the concepts «cybersecurity» and «information security» was considered. The definitions of «cybercrime», «computer crime» and «cyber offense» were given for comparison. Their main features were considered. The concept of «computer victimhood» and its components were considered. With the introduction of the institute of criminal offenses in the national criminal law, the terms «cybercrime» and «computer crime» should lose their relevance, as evidenced by the change of title of Chapter XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to «Criminal offenses in the use of electronic computing machines (computers), systems and computer networks and telecommunications networks». Therefore, instead, we can recommend the use of the term «cyber offense», which we propose to understand as «socially dangerous criminal act in cyberspace and/or using it, liability for which is provided by the law of Ukraine on criminal liability and/or which is recognized as a criminal offense by international treaties of Ukraine, and cybercrime is a set of cyber offences». It is clear that this will require the introduction of appropriate terminological changes in the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles of Cyber Security of Ukraine» and other regulations.

Тактические особенности производства следственного осмотра при расследовании мошенничества в сфере компьютерной информации

The article discusses the tactical features of various types of inspections during the investigation of fraud in the field of computer information. The problematic issues of conducting investigative examinations are analyzed. Conclusions are made about the need to involve relevant specialists in the investigative actions under consideration.

Preface

We were pleased to introduce that 2021 2nd International Conference on Computer Information and Big Data Applications (CIBDA2021) was successfully held in Wuhan, China on March 26-28, 2021. CIBDA2021 was hosted by Wuhan Donghu University, organized by AEIC Academic Exchange Information Center.CIBDA 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of computer information and big data to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in computer information and big data and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in computer information and big data and related areas.The conference model was divided into two sessions, including oral presentations and keynote speeches. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given 15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches.In this conference, we were greatly honored to have two distinguished experts to serve as our Committee Chair. There were over 160 experts and scholars in the area of Computer Information and Big Data Applications representing different famous universities and institutes around the globe to attend the conference. During the conference, we were pleased to invite four distinguished experts as our keynote speakers to present their insightful speeches. They were Prof. Jincai Chen, from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Prof. Yiwen Liang, from Wuhan University, China; Prof. Shi Ying, from Wuhan University, China; Prof. Aiping Xu, from Wuhan University, China. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The participants of the conference were from most part of the world, with background of either academia or industry, even well-known enterprise. The success and prosperity of the conference is reflected high level of the papers received. The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. This book covers 4 chapters: 1. Computer Technology; 2. Information Science; 3. Big Data; 4. Other Related Topics.We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported CIBDA2021. Each individual and institutional help were very important for the success of this conference. Especially we would like to thank the organizing committee for their valuable advices in the organization and helpful peer review of the papers. We sincerely hope that CIBDA 2021 will be a forum for excellent discussions that will put forward new ideas and promote collaborative researches. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and the knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering progress but also other new products and processes.The Organizing Committee of CIBDA 2021List of Committee member are available in this pdf.

Основные направления совершенствования правовой политики по обеспечению в условиях глобализации информационной безопасности

The article reveals the problems of ensuring information security in the context of modern globalization of international life, high rates of development of technical and information resources. The relevance of optimization of tools in the field of information security is noted. The priority role is given to the improvement of criminal and other sectoral legislation aimed at prevention, prevention, counteraction to crimes and offenses in the field of computer information. Particular importance in the field of information security is given to the criminallegal regulation of objects of criminal-legal protection. Close attention is paid to the issues of detection, disclosure and accurate legal assessment of crimes and offenses implemented in cyberspace. The importance of the international community in setting universal standards for information security is emphasized.