Federal Territory Research Articles

THE CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE MALAYSIAN PLANNING SYSTEM

This study provides an overview of the development of Malaysia’s planning system, particularly in relation to public participation. A case study of Malaysia is critical as this study highlights the challenges in planning practice, thereby presenting a critical reflection of planning experiences in response to a specific context. Specifically, this study aims to assess how the public participation process operates within the mechanisms of the planning system, including the challenges presented to the Malaysian planning practice. This study was conducted at Gasing Hill in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Secondary data were gathered by performing an in-depth interview with 20 respondents. The findings revealed how planners deal with the public concerning the formation of the Gasing Hill case. The planners had been given the privilege to take decisions governing the consultative process. Thus, understanding the roles and responsibilities of planners is necessary if the practices that epitomise the ethos of participatory democracy in Malaysia are to be changed. This study adds to the growing literature that suggests the importance of public participation in shaping the future development of Malaysia.

Green entrepreneurship and performance of small and medium enterprises in North-Central Nigeria

Many countries worldwide make efforts to decrease environmental degradation and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engage in such business operations. However, considering the Nigerian context, evidence on their impact is scarce. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of green entrepreneurship on the performance of SMEs in North-Central Nigeria federal territory. A pre-test was conducted, and a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire was used. The study examined 1,233 consenting randomly chosen respondents from six states and Abuja City in North-Central Nigeria. Simple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings demonstrated that green entrepreneurship can decrease the negative impacts of business activities on the environment and also ensure profitability. Moreover, green entrepreneurial innovative production and green entrepreneurial inclination significantly impact competitive edge (β = 0.806, t-value= 49.648, P = 0.000 < 0.05) and customer spending (β= 0.976, t-value= 51.315, P = 0.000 < 0.05), respectively. The study offers useful public information and experimental confirmation of environmental sustainability engaged in viable business activities.

An Analysis of Shopee Pay Later Transactions Based on the Qard Theory

The Shopee application offers a 'pay later' payment mode known as Shopee Pay Later (SPL) and features four payment options, which are buy first and pay the total price of the goods purchased at a later date or payment made in installments over two, three or six months with accompanying charges. This transaction raises the question of whether SPL complies with the Qard Theory in fiqh muamalat. This is because qard is a loan that needs to be repaid to the creditor without any additional payment or charges. Therefore, this study aimed to study the 'pay later' buying and selling method based on the Qard Theory. This qualitative study used the document analysis method involving documents, such as books, articles, journals, newspapers and so on as well as the Federal Territory Fatwa for examining the SPL method. Data were then analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. Results of the study show that the SPL method is not permitted in Islam because the charges involved are deemed to be a form of usury (riba). This is because the 'pay later' method is not in accordance with the Qard Theory in Islam. This study provides knowledge to Muslim Shopee users about payment methods that are permitted and those that are prohibited in Islam.

Demographic Perspectives of Self-Compassion: Exploring Self-Compassion among Urban Malaysian Adolescents

The study of self-compassion in Malaysia's context is still in its infancy compared to the western countries. It is important to explore the profiles of self-compassion any target population before explaining the phenomenon of self-compassion in further details. In conjunction with that, the presents study aims to examine the demographic perspective specifically, gender, household income, and self-compassion profile of adolescents residing in the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 377 (male = 219, female=158) adolescents aged 16 years old from the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur were recruited and agreed to participate in this study. The quantitative approach has been used which participants have completed a set of questionnaires consisting of demographic questions such as gender and household income and also the Social Compassion Scale. Completed questionnaires were then collected and data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Software version 22 using descriptive analysis. The results showed a sub-factor of self-compassion such as self-kindness=3.28, self-judgment=.89, common humanity=1.07, isolation=1.09, mindfulness=.96 and over identification=.99. The mean for self-judgmental as the highest, followed by isolation and self-kindness. The negative factors were higher than positive factors for self-compassion among adolescents compared to other sub-factors of self-compassion. The findings have important implications which provide demographics information on the gender, household income, and self-compassion profile of the adolescents in Kuala Lumpur. Future research suggested using inferential statistics to examine the relationship and influence of self-compassion on adolescent’s life and well-being.

Efficiency of Malaysian states in managing the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and 2021.

IntroductionMany developing countries have drastically imbalanced health systems in different regions. The COVID-19 outbreak posed a further challenge as hospital structures, equipped with doctors, critical care units and respirators, were not available to a sufficient extent in all regions.ObjectiveThis study is a descriptive study on the efficiency of Malaysian states in facing the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodologyThe efficiency of all Malaysian states was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis in which each state’s Score of COVID Index (SCI) was quantified. The SCI of these states were then further compared between the year 2020 and 2021. A greater disparity would indicate a decline in the performance of a state over time, where nearly all the states in Malaysia experienced an increase in the score of COVID Index (SCI).ResultThis study found that the central region was the most affected, since all the three states in the region (Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and Federal Territory of Putrajaya) showed a situation of inadequacy (SCI: >0.75) due to the COVID-19 outbreak.ConclusionThe ranking of Malaysia’s states according to their vulnerability to an outbreak of COVID-19 is vitally significant for the purposes of assisting the government and policymakers in planning their responses to the outbreak and ensuring that resources are distributed appropriately.

A vision of a One Health system for Australia: on the need to rethink our health system.

A vision of a One Health system for Australia: on the need to rethink our health system.

Mufti’s Office of Federal Territory and its Contribution in the Dissemination of Fatwas Through Social Media

The advancement of information technology that is evolving from time to time has caused various parties to use the technology to take advantage of it due to fast and quick receipt of information. Several studies have suggested the fatwa institutions to use the development of technology as a medium for the dissemination of fatwas. This is because, one of the roles of the fatwa institution is to disseminate information to develop the community's knowledge related to religion. Therefore, this study aims to identify the methods that have been used in the Office of the Federal Territory Mufti (PMWP) in disseminating fatwas through social media. Moreover, PMWP is one of the fatwa institutions that have used the development of information technology. This study uses a qualitative approach by using documentation data collection methods. Meanwhile, for data analysis, content analysis method was used. Data analysis found that this study involved only three categories out of four categories of social media forms, namely communication model, collaboration model and sharing model. This is because, the involvement of social media used by PMWP in disseminating its fatwa has involved only that category. Therefore, this study has provided exposure to the community on the methods of disseminating PMWP fatwas in fatwa institutions in Malaysia from the point of view of social media. This study is also expected to provide implications for the efforts and improvements to other fatwa institutions in Malaysia in the future.

Are People in Federal Territories Part of “We the People of the United States”?

In 1820, a unanimous Supreme Court proclaimed: “The United States is the name given to our great republic, which is composed of states and territories.” While that key point is simple, and perhaps even obvious, the constitutional implications of interpreting “the United States” to include federal territories are potentially far reaching. In particular, the Constitution’s Preamble announces that the Constitution is authored by “We the People of the United States” and that the document is designed to “secure the Blessings of Liberty” to the author and its “Posterity.” If inhabitants of federal territory are among “We the People of the United States,” then federal actors owe them (and their “Posterity”) the same fiduciary duties owed to people in the States. There is no definitive answer regarding the original meaning of “We the People of the United States,” but the presumptive meaning of “the United States” in 1788 included federal territory, so the presumptive meaning of “the People of the United States” would similarly include people in federal territory. While there are strong textual and contextual arguments for excluding territorial inhabitants from “We the People,” there are also countervailing textual and contextual arguments for their inclusion. In the end, the answer may depend on something beyond the reach of interpretative theory: How strong is the presumption in favor of inclusion that can be drawn from pre-1788 understandings and practices? If territorial inhabitants are indeed among “We the People of the United States,” then federal action toward the territories must conform to fiduciary norms, including the key norm of impartiality with respect to multiple beneficiaries, which would require very strong reasons for disfavoring territorial inhabitants in comparison to state inhabitants.

АНАЛИЗ СОВОКУПНОСТИ МЕР ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ РАЗВИТИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СЕЛЬСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯХ СЕВЕРА

The article analyzes a set of state measures and municipal support for the traditional economic activities development of indigenous peoples living compactly in the northern Russian Federation territories. In particular, on the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main directions and modern state policy features on the preservation and reproduction of the vital activity and unique peoples culture considered. Strategically important state areas and municipal regulation include economic development, in the traditional nature management field, the education development and healthcare (including emergency medicine), support for social work, the industry development, transport and energy structures of these territories, and an increase in the personnel reserve. The support measures indicate a guideline for ensuring the traditional farm products competitiveness, the possibility of its processing, ensuring the products volume in the domestic and foreign markets.

Hubung Kait Antara Taraf Pendidikan Dengan Kesediaan Membayar Zakat Perniagaan Bagi Peniaga Dalam Talian: Kajian Di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur

This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of education and the willingness to pay zakat among online traders. The research method used in this study is quantitative where survey questions are distributed to online traders around the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The findings of this study found that there is a positive relationship between all levels of education in this study and the willingness to pay zakat to online businesses. This study has several limitations, namely the generalization of variables using a limited sample selection and the specific context of the research conducted.

POPULATION REDISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION IN MALAYSIA, 1970-2020

This paper uses published census data to examine population redistribution and concentration in Malaysia since 1970. The population growth rate varied widely across states and districts, and between urban and rural areas. Consequently, the population has become ever more concentrated in the cities. In 2020, 41% of the population lived in 12 districts, making up 2.6% of the total land area. About one in four Malaysians live in the Greater Kuala Lumpur (commonly known as the Klang Valley – comprising the Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur and four adjacent districts in Selangor), compared to 4.3% in 1970. The population in urban areas increased from 28% in 1970 to 75% in 2020, and most are in the cities. The rapid growth of urban population and concentration of population in major cities pose sustainable development challenges. However, the agglomeration of diverse labour pools provides economies of scale.

Adolescent Connectedness: Testing Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Hemingway: Measure of Adolescent Connectedness-Bahasa Melayu Version (HMAC-BM).

Measuring the factors that underlie adolescent connectedness has become a prominent focused issue in past studies across many disciplines. Thus far, the Hemingway: Measure of Adolescent Connectedness (HMAC) is the first research-based measure of adolescent’s relationship and sense of belonging with other people and their surroundings. The current study aimed to examine the measurement model of the Hemingway: Measure of Adolescent Connectedness which has been translated into Bahasa Melayu (HMAC–BM) in order to check for its feasibility among Malaysian adolescents. A total of 377 adolescents aged 16 years old were recruited from the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Three factors, namely connectedness to family, school, and neighbors with seven sub-factors of the HMAC–BM, were analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the IBM SPSS Amos 23.0 (23.0, IBM Technology, Armonk, NY, USA). Results of the CFA supported the second-order factor of the HMAC–BM structures. The overall HMAC–BM scale and its subscales have higher factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.79. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.95 for the three subscales and 0.84 for the total scale. Results also revealed seven sub-factors with forty-one factors—solution that accounted for 0.89% of total variance explained for adolescent connectedness. Findings provide empirical support for the feasibility of HMAC–BM in explaining Malaysian adolescents’ social connectedness. Hence, the HMAC–BM is a promising measure that can be used on Malaysian adolescents. The findings have important implications which provide a clear picture of HMAC–BM as an accurate instrument to measure adolescent’s social connectedness toward enhancing prosocial attitudes and well-being.

TAHAP PROFESIONALISME GURU SEKOLAH RENDAH AGAMA JABATAN AGAMA ISLAM WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN TERHADAP AMALAN PERLAKSANAAN PENGAJARAN

This study aims to examine the level of professionalism of religious primary school teachers of the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Department (JAWI) on the practice of teaching implementation. This study involved 274 teachers of Religious Primary School (SRA) JAWI in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Quantitative data using a questionnaire instrument were analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 to obtain the frequency, percentage, mean, interpretation, and standard deviation. The results of the study on the level of professionalism of religious primary school teachers of the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Department (JAWI) on the practice of teaching implementation recorded a high level (M=4.20, S.D = 0.26). Indeed, the level of professionalism of SRA-JAWI teachers towards the practice of teaching implementation is positive but has weaknesses in terms of the application of computers in teaching. Thus, while conducting the teaching process, a teacher must take into account the constraints encountered while using ICT in teaching sessions to be applied and the readiness of teachers to do ICT-based teaching in order to be more effective. In conclusion, the study shows that the level of professionalism of SRA-JAWI teachers on the practice of teaching implementation is very good.

„Buchenlanddeutsche” Vergemeinschaftung nach der „Umsiedlung”. Die „Landsmannschaft der Buchenlanddeutschen” als ethnopolitische Unternehmerin

The following article relies on sources from the archive of the only Association of the Bukovinian Germans – “Landsmannschaft der Buchenlanddeutschen” – which was active on (almost) the entire federal territory of Germany. This organization was founded in 1949 and was disbanded at the request of its last president, Ewald Zachman, in 2019. The author considers that members of the three to four Christian groups of German-speaking population in Bukovina – among which there was no ethnic cohesion before the displacement, but rather a confessional, socio-economic or local one – were turned into “Bukovinian Germans” by the action of “entnopolitical entrepreneurs / performers” (as according to Roger Brubaker). In order to problematize the “becoming” of the Bukovinian Germans, Weidle formulates and presents four hypotheses: 1. The involvement (commitment) of people who enjoyed authority or notoriety in the “old homeland”, Bukovina, even if many of them collaborated with the National Socialist regime; 2. The top- down legitimation, i. e. since the first years of its existence, the “Association of the Bukovinian Germans” has been conferred various competences, including that of deciding who should be compensated for the material losses suffered as a result of the displacement. The fact that many Jewish women and men from Bukovina were not recognized as belonging to a “German cultural community” and they did not benefit from compensation would be, according to the author of this hypothesis, one of the darkest aspects in the history of the organization of the “Bukovinian Germans” in Germany; 3. Control of the dissemination of meaningful narratives for the social group of Christian Germanophones and of the way in which the “Bukovinian Germans” were perceived in the social environment. The newspaper of the “Bukovinians from all over the world”, i. e. “Der Südostdeutsche”, has always propagated the idea of the existence of an authentic community and has always urged its readers to attract other subscribers, thus managing to gain influence; 4. Nothing can be done without the “Landsmannschaft” (“Nichts ohne die Landsmannschaft”). All actions to socialize or strengthen the cohesion of the group were dependent on the “Landsmannschaft”, which organized and marked the most important events and decided, at least in the first years of the organizationʼs existence, who the speakers were and asked for speeches in order to consent to their content.

The Character of Joining Federal Territories Within the Territory of the Russian Federation: Current Trends in Legislative Policy

One of the most controversial problems of modern Russian constitutional construction is the issue of whether the federal territories are directly part of the territory of Russia or they should be an integral part of the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation. The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not give an unambiguous answer to the issue posed, allowing a double interpretation of the provisions of Part 1 of Article 67. The federal laws also do not directly respond to the issue on the character of joining the federal territories within the territory of the Russian Federation. The author notes that comprehensive law on the organization of public power in the federal territories has not been enacted in Russia and the tendency for the development of legislation is aimed at enacting a separate federal law for an individual federal territory. The provisions of the Federal Law «On the Federal Territory “Sirius”» are formulated in such a way as to answer the question about its joining or non-joining within the territory of the Krasnodar Territory was impossible. At the same time, the foundations of the organization of public power in Russia are being revised. The Federal Law «On General Principles for the Organization of Public Power in Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation» contains rules implying joining federal territories into the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation along with administrative centers (capitals) of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, closed administrative territorial entities and other territorial units with a special status. Thus, the author concludes that the current legislative policy is aimed at creating the federal territories within the borders of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which can neutralize the very idea of creating federal territories in Russia.

Canadian Federalism, Multilevel Politics and the Occupation of Ottawa

AbstractFor three weeks in early 2022, the streets of downtown Ottawa were occupied by protestors associated with the so-called Freedom Convoy. The inability of Ottawa's municipal police to end the protest was not only a spectacular failure of local policing but also a failure of national security policy. This article brings together literatures on Canadian federalism, multilevel politics and federal capitals to argue that the occupation of Ottawa demonstrates a misalignment between the political and jurisdictional responsibility for Ottawa's public and national security. Potential reforms range from the expansion of federal authority over the Parliamentary Precinct to the restructuring of the National Capital Region as a federal district or territory.

The empirical approach to strengthen coordinated cadastral database accuracy

The coordinated cadastral database in Malaysia is known as National Digital Cadastral Database (NDCDB) with an expected accuracy of ±10cm in rural and ±5cm in urban area. Till date, there are approximately 7.8 million land parcels and 22 million boundary markers in the NDCDB for the whole of Peninsular Malaysia and Federal Territory of Labuan covering total area of 132,183 km2. Since 2010, NDCDB block adjustment has been carried out continuously without giving prime concern to eliminate gross errors in the adjustment’s input data. This approach aims to propose a methodology to improve the positional accuracy of the existing NDCDB through utilisation of the current eKadaster application. A comprehensive investigation in the office and field processes has been carried out to prove the efficiency of the methodology introduced. This investigation was focused on the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) right of way (ROW) survey from Dungun to Besut where displacement of 1 to 6 meters relative to the NDCDB coordinates, as shown in the Land Acquisition (LA) Plan, have been identified. Areas involved are coded as Block T10701, T1100101 and T1100102 which are located in Lubuk Kawah and Pelagat Sub-districts, in the state of Terengganu. Positional accuracy of the NDCDB after adjustment was further verified by comparing the coordinates of randomly picked ground proofing points in the field using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) observation. This will determine the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the respective NDCDB Block based on actual observations and adjusted coordinate values. With that, it can be concluded that the proposed approach is reasonably practical and capable to improve and strengthen the positional accuracy of existing coordinated cadastral database used in Malaysia.

Effective Organization Strive to Focus on the Behavioral Patterns of Their Employed

Effective organizations strive to focus on the behavioral patterns of their employees. They are designed to develop human behaviors that are best suited for the effectiveness of an organization. Organizational justice is one of the main key factor that invest in developing a positive behavior of the employees towards their organization as well as their colleagues that in turn add up to the effectiveness of an organization. This research extracts the theoretical support from equity theory of Adam smith, Justice judgmental Model theory of Leventhal, Social Exchange theory of George Homan and Social System theory of Chester Bernard. The study is intended to empirically assess the impacts of organizational justice on organizational effectiveness with a mediating role of organization citizenship behavior in higher education institutions of Pakistan. The researchers suggests that criteria of effectiveness in institutions is the same as that of an organization. Using positivists’ approach 313 questionnaires were distributed in academic staff of five different universities located in the federal territory of Islamabad. Collected data was analyzed both in descriptive and inferential manner with appropriate statistical tools through statistical package for social sciences software SPSS version 22. The mediating role of Organization Citizenship Behavior was checked through Baron and Kenny four step model for mediation. This research has contributed towards the theory as well as given a practical insight into the institutional effectiveness. In the research data is collected from the faculty members from of different universities namely, International Islamic University Islamabad, Quaid e Azam University Islamabad, COMSATS Islamabad, National University of Modern Languages NUML Islamabad, and National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences FAST Islamabad campus. The results of the research shows that organizational justice is an important aspect that contribute towards the organization citizenship behavior. Organization citizenship behavior is the fundamental contributor towards the Organizational Effectiveness in higher education institutions of Pakistan.

Modul Sequin of Fashion Design Topics, Design and Technology (RBT) Form One Subject: Multimedia Elements from the Teachers’ Perspective

M-learning module is a mobile module suitable for being used as a learning aid in the Era of the Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0), where it can be accessed anytime and anywhere. M-learning module on Fashion Design topic in the subject of Design and Technology (RBT) form one has been developed and named the Modul Sequin, which provides knowledge of theory and skills in fashion design. This study aims to evaluate the multimedia elements in the Modul Sequin based on the perspective of teachers who teach the subject of RBT form one. In this study, 40 RBT teachers in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (WPKL) were involved, and respondents were randomly selected. Data collection was done online using a questionnaire in Google Form and analysed descriptively. The analysis results found that all items in the multimedia construct, such as text elements, graphic images, video, audio, and animation, are at a high level. The mean value indicates that the teacher believes that the multimedia elements found in the Modul Sequin are very appropriate, cheerful, fun, and interesting for the students to learn the topic of Fashion Design. Besides, the teachers also think that the presentation that uses this multimedia element facilitates the delivery of knowledge and improves students’ understanding. Overall, the module's content in terms of colour, background, and a combination of text, graphic images, video, audio, and animation gives students excitement to use the module. The implication of this study is that more multimedia-oriented modules need to be developed to facilitate the learning of a subject.

Assessing Students’ Critical Thinking and Physics Problem-Solving Skills in Secondary Schools

Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are some of the most crucial elements of 21st Century Skills. Very few studies have been conducted to specifically assess critical thinking and physics problem-solving skills among secondary school students. Therefore, a survey research was conducted on 66 Form Four science stream students from secondary schools in the Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia. Critical Thinking Assessment and Physics Problem Solving Ability Test instruments were used to measure critical thinking and problem-solving skill in Physics respectively. Overall, the level of critical thinking and physics problem-solving skills were moderate. The finding also indicated that there was a significant difference in critical thinking and Physics problem-solving skill based on achievement of the students. Meanwhile, the relationship between critical thinking and problem-solving skill in Physics was found to be positive and strongly significant. The findings from this study implied that more actions need to be taken to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skill in Physics.