Representation Of Characteristics Research Articles

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ АДАПТИВНОГО ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ РІЗНОВІКОВОЇ ЛОГОПЕДИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ

The article reveals the peculiarities of the organization of adaptive physical education for children of different ages in the speech therapy group. As a result of the elaboration of protocols of diagnostic study of preschoolers of different ages with speech disorders and their comparison with the average rates of normative children, features of physical development, physical fitness, motor memory, and emotional state of the subjects of this nosological group were identified. Considering the identified features, the content of the physical education program for children of different ages with speech disorders is specified. In a particular proportion, the program contains traditional health and development activities, as well as speech therapy and psychological forms of work: finger, breathing, articulation, kinesiological gymnastics, logarithmic tasks, psychological motor studies, and dance therapy. The effectiveness of the program is ensured by unique tactics of corrective and developmental actions, which are aimed at: creating a favorable background for understanding and perception of the motor task, which, with a positive assessment and appropriate encouragement, contributes to the formation of the child's foundations of sustainable motivation for motor activity; organization of the process of learning motor actions at three stages of formation of motor skills, which differ in both tasks and features of teaching methods; focusing children's attention on the approximate basis of motor actions by selecting supporting elements and using control poses (along with speech stimulation), which improves the quality of motor tasks; ensuring motor and speech interaction of senior and junior preschoolers in the process of performing movements. Tactics of corrective and developmental actions are based on the general laws of formation of motor skills and features of motor representations. They are adequate to the age and psychological characteristics of children 3-6 years with speech disorders. Key words: adaptive physical education, age group, speech disorders, physical development, physical fitness, correctional and developmental actions.

The development of «mathematical» speech as one of the directions in the prevention of dyscalculia in children with special educational needs

The subject of the study was the specific features of mathematical representations and “mathematical” speech in preschoolers with special educational needs and their influence on the predisposition of children of this category to dyscalculia. The article proposes the analyzed results of an experimental study that involved preschoolers with special educational needs (with general underdevelopment of speech, mental retardation) and normotypical peers performing tasks of a diagnostic technique that makes it possible to identify specific features in the perception and use of mathematical speech in preschoolers with special educational needs ( in the perception and formulation of the conditions of an arithmetic problem, in the understanding and active use of mathematical terms, etc.). The article defines such concepts as “dyscalculia”, “mathematical speech”, and also emphasizes the importance of finding and implementing effective forms of correctional work for the prevention and correction of dyscalculia, which should be differentiated and correlated with the type of students’ dysontogenesis.

CONCEPT “SNOW” IN THE LINGUISTIC AND FOLKLORE PICTURE OF THE WORLD OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF YAKUTIA

The article undertakes a comparative analysis of the concept “Snow” in the linguistic and folklore worldview of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia. The purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of representation of this concept in the linguistic and folklore worldview of the Yakuts, Evens, Evenki, Yukaghirs. The methods used in the paper include linguocultural analysis, continuous sampling, comparison and collation. Following the research of verbalisation of the concept “Snow”, it was revealed that it is universal and significant in the conceptual framework “Natural phenomena”. It was found that the concept “Snow” in the Yakut linguistic and folkloric world image represents a complex, multilayer formation going beyond the framework of natural phenomena, being capable of expressing figurative meanings involving negative connotations, when designating failure, loss of orientation, deception, tears, as well as measure, quantity, time; act as part of an anthroponym, etc. It was established that the most relevant features are the makeup, depth of snow, time of snowfall, etc., which is important in horse husbandry, cattle breeding and hunting. It was revealed that the concept “Snow” in the Even, Evenki and Yukaghir linguistic world image is presented mainly as a component of the concept “Natural phenomena”, characterising snow in terms of various qualitative, temporal and spatial attributes associated with reindeer breeding and hunting. The explored folklore materials reflecting the life of the Evens, Evenki, Yukaghirs showed that this concept serves mainly as a marker of winter onset, colour white, a component of everyday life activities, of time, sometimes of danger, transience. The work results can be used in the development of theoretical provisions of cultural linguistics, in comparative research of ethno-cultural features of the linguistic and folklore picture of the world of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia.

Corporeality Narrative in Ukrainian Literature: Culturosophical Aspect

The article analyses the features of artistic representation of the body in the Ukrainian literature of the 19th – early 21st century in a diachronic way. It is noted that each period of development of Ukrainian literature has its own specific image of the character with emphasis on the complex inner world, features of interpersonal relations and given the moral and ethical principles of society, the identity of folk culture and traditions, trends in literature, philosophical thought etc. Corporeality is represented in various ways in the works of Ukrainian writers of the late 20th - early 21st century due to the intensification of postmodern practice, lack of censorship, changing worldviews of Ukrainian society and expanding thematic, genre range of literary works. Corporeality is an eloquent characteristic of the character, the cultural and historical space of the day, and the stylistic discourse of literature. The problem raised in the article allows us to position literature as a medium for a deeper understanding of corporality in the humanitarian space and overcoming historically established social stereotypes.

Understanding Metal–Organic Framework Nucleation from a Solution with Evolving Graphs

A mechanistic understanding of metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesis and scale-up remains underexplored due to the complex nature of the interactions of their building blocks. In this work, we investigate the collective assembly of building units at the early stages of MOF nucleation, using MIL-101(Cr) as a prototypical example. Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we observe that the choice of solvent (water and N,N-dimethylformamide), the introduction of ions (Na+ and F-) and the relative populations of MIL-101(Cr) half-secondary building unit (half-SBU) isomers have a strong influence on the cluster formation process. Additionally, the shape, size, nucleation and growth rates, crystallinity, and short and long-range order largely vary depending on the synthesis conditions. We evaluate these properties as they naturally emerge when interpreting the self-assembly of MOF nuclei as the time evolution of an undirected graph. Solution-induced conformational complexity and ionic concentration have a dramatic effect on the morphology of clusters emerging during assembly. While pure solvents lead to the rapid formation of a small number of large clusters, the presence of ions in aqueous solutions results in smaller clusters and slower nucleation. This diversity is captured by the key features of the graph representation. Principle component analysis on graph properties reveals that only a small number of molecular descriptors is needed to deconvolute MOF self-assembly. Descriptors such as the average coordination number between half-SBUs and fractal dimension are of particulalr interest as they can be can be followed experimentally by techniques like by time-resolved spectroscopy. Ultimately, graph theory emerges as an approach that can be used to understand complex processes revealing molecular descriptors accessible by both simulation and experiment.

Efficient coding of cognitive variables underlies dopamine response and choice behavior.

Reward expectations based on internal knowledge of the external environment are a core component of adaptive behavior. However, internal knowledge may be inaccurate or incomplete due to errors in sensory measurements. Some features of the environment may also be encoded inaccurately to minimize representational costs associated with their processing. In this study, we investigated how reward expectations are affected by features of internal representations by studying behavior and dopaminergic activity while mice make time-based decisions. We show that several possible representations allow a reinforcement learning agent to model animals' overall performance during the task. However, only a small subset of highly compressed representations simultaneously reproduced the co-variability in animals' choice behavior and dopaminergic activity. Strikingly, these representations predict an unusual distribution of response times that closely match animals' behavior. These results inform how constraints of representational efficiency may be expressed in encoding representations of dynamic cognitive variables used for reward-based computations.

Ассоциативное поле концепта ЗДОРОВЬЕ в языковом сознании студентов в период пандемии

The paper aims at studying the specifics of the association field of the HEALTH concept in the language consciousness of students in the linguo-cognitive aspect. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the application of a free association experiment method to identify the features of this concept representation in the perception of students living in the era of the pandemic by analyzing reactions to the word-stimulus HEALTH and determining the dominants of the association field in their linguistic worldview. As a result of the research, a qualitative and quantitative description of reaction words has been carried out, the association field of the HEALTH concept has been constructed, the specifics of objectification of its nuclear and peripheral zones has been revealed. It has been proved that the HEALTH concept is of great importance in the linguistic consciousness of students and reflects the events of the present time.

Loneliness in adolescents with different social media behavior

IntroductionLoneliness is a critical issue of adolescents that has grown severe during the last decade. Social media use is often regarded as negative factor of loneliness experience in connection with escapism. At the same time social media is an important part of adolescents’ communication sphere. The present study aims to explore positive functions of social media which can help adolescents cope with loneliness.ObjectivesThe present research studies features of loneliness representation in adolescents with different behavior in social media.MethodsMultidimensional Inventory of Loneliness Experience; Cognitive Processing of Social Information in Internet Questionnaire; Method of unfinished sentences about loneliness and social media; Questionnaire about social media were used in the study with 44 adolescents, aged from 13 to 18.ResultsAdolescents have a higher level of loneliness (M = 29.6) than the results in 2013 (M = 17.7) show. Context analysis of unfinished sentences shows that 21% of adolescents have a various representation of loneliness, 71% perceive loneliness as negative. General feel of loneliness tends to show negative correlations with adequate perception of information in social media (k = - 0.317; p = 0.038). Negative attitude to loneliness is negatively correlated with interpretation adequacy of social media content (k=-0.568, p<0,001). Adolescents with low levels of holistic social media perceptions have higher levels of loneliness. Use of social media can reduce feelings of loneliness (p = 0.002).ConclusionsSocial media expand adolescents’ representation of loneliness. Productive use of social media can help adolescent cope with loneliness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

From representations in predictive processing to degrees of representational features

Whilst the topic of representations is one of the key topics in philosophy of mind, it has only occasionally been noted that representations and representational features may be gradual. Apart from vague allusions, little has been said on what representational gradation amounts to and why it could be explanatorily useful. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel take on gradation of representational features within the neuroscientific framework of predictive processing. More specifically, we provide a gradual account of two features of structural representations: structural similarity and decoupling. We argue that structural similarity can be analysed in terms of two dimensions: number of preserved relations and state space granularity. Both dimensions can take on different values and hence render structural similarity gradual. We further argue that decoupling is gradual in two ways. First, we show that different brain areas are involved in decoupled cognitive processes to a greater or lesser degree depending on the cause (internal or external) of their activity. Second, and more importantly, we show that the degree of decoupling can be further regulated in some brain areas through precision weighting of prediction error. We lastly argue that gradation of decoupling (via precision weighting) and gradation of structural similarity (via state space granularity) are conducive to behavioural success.

Языковые признаки гендерной нейтральности в английском и русском языках (на примере интернет-публикаций)

The aim of the study is to identify the linguistic signs of gender neutrality in the English and Russian languages. The examined languages reflect socio-political events and global trends, one of which is the desire for tolerance that makes it necessary to apply the policy of gender neutrality. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the features of the linguistic representation of gender neutrality at the present stage of language development by studying the materials of the Internet publications. As a result of the study, the potential ways of solving the problem of linguistic sexism have been characterized; the linguistic means of gender neutrality manifestation in English and Russian have been identified.

Deep Learning (CNN) and Transfer Learning: A Review

Deep Learning is a machine learning area that has recently been used in a variety of industries. Unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised-learning are only a few of the strategies that have been developed to accommodate different types of learning. A number of experiments showed that deep learning systems fared better than traditional ones when it came to image processing, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Several real-world applications and hierarchical systems have utilised transfer learning and deep learning algorithms for pattern recognition and classification tasks. Real-world machine learning settings, on the other hand, often do not support this assumption since training data can be difficult or expensive to get, and there is a constant need to generate high-performance beginners who can work with data from a variety of sources. The objective of this paper is using deep learning to uncover higher-level representational features, to clearly explain transfer learning, to provide current solutions and evaluate applications in diverse areas of transfer learning as well as deep learning.

Субстантивная репрезентация темпоральной и аспектуальной длительности (на материале английского и русского языков)

The purpose of the paper is to identify the features of substantive representation of aspectual duration in English and Russian. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the notions of temporal and aspectual duration are distinguished at the level of semantics and means of expression. As a result, it has been proved that substantives of the temporal semantics of duration are units of time measurement and nouns implying the presence of an interval in the studied languages. Aspectual substantives of duration are an indicator of duration of an action only if they are used together with verbal nouns or non-finite verb forms. In the English language, the meaning of continuation is emphasised, not the meaning of duration, which is actively implemented by the substantive “continuity”. In the Russian language, the substantives «длительность», «продолжительность» (duration) demonstrate significant activity compared to the English language.

Особенности репрезентации биофармацевтической индустрии в дискурсе фармацевтических, консалтинговых и статистических организаций (на материале английского языка)

The aim of the study is to identify the features of biopharmaceutical industry representation in the external discourse of international pharmaceutical organizations. For the first time, the ways of representing the international biopharmaceutical industry, determined by the strategies of reputational discourse in the field of pharmacy, are studied in the context of a cross-disciplinary comparison of the discursive practices of pharmaceutical, consulting and statistical organizations using discourse analysis and frame analysis, which explains scientific novelty of the study. As a result of comparing these discursive practices, the role of reputational discourse in the choice of concept nomination and methods of framing/reframing of the most significant topics is shown.

Network Intrusion Detection Method Combining CNN and BiLSTM in Cloud Computing Environment.

A network intrusion detection method combining CNN and BiLSTM network is proposed. First, the KDD CUP 99 data set is preprocessed by using data extraction algorithm. The data set is transformed into image data set by data cleaning, data extraction, and data mapping; Second, CNN is used to extract the parallel local features of attribute information, and BiLSTM is used to extract the features of long-distance-dependent information, so as to fully consider the influence between the front and back attribute information, and attention mechanism is introduced to improve the classification accuracy. Finally, C5.0 decision tree and CNN BiLSTM deep learning model are combined to skip the design feature selection and directly use deep learning model to learn the representational features of high-dimensional data. Experimental results show that, compared with the methods based on AE-AlexNet and SGM-CNN, the network intrusion detection effect of this method is better, the average accuracy can be improved to 95.50%, the false-positive rate can be reduced to 4.24%, and the false positive rate can be reduced to 6.66%. The proposed method can significantly improve the performance of network intrusion detection system.

Malleability of the cortical hand map following a finger nerve block.

Electrophysiological studies in monkeys show that finger amputation triggers local remapping within the deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Human neuroimaging research, however, shows persistent S1 representation of the missing hand’s fingers, even decades after amputation. Here, we explore whether this apparent contradiction stems from underestimating the distributed peripheral and central representation of fingers in the hand map. Using pharmacological single-finger nerve block and 7-tesla neuroimaging, we first replicated previous accounts (electrophysiological and other) of local S1 remapping. Local blocking also triggered activity changes to nonblocked fingers across the entire hand area. Using methods exploiting interfinger representational overlap, however, we also show that the blocked finger representation remained persistent despite input loss. Computational modeling suggests that both local stability and global reorganization are driven by distributed processing underlying the topographic map, combined with homeostatic mechanisms. Our findings reveal complex interfinger representational features that play a key role in brain (re)organization, beyond (re)mapping.

Inferentialist conceptual engineering

ABSTRACT On a representationalist view, conceptual engineering is the practice of changing the extensions and intensions of the devices we use to speak and think. But if this view holds true, conceptual engineering has a bad rationale. Extensions and intensions are not the sorts of things that are better or worse as such. A representationalist account of conceptual engineering thus falls prey to the objection that the practice has a bad rationale. To account for the assumption that conceptual engineering is worthwhile, we propose to view what is being engineered as inferential devices, as opposed to representational devices. The objective is not to establish that being or having an inferential role is all there is to meaning or conceptual content. Rather, our agenda is to recommend a shift of focus from the representational features of content to the inferential features of content for the purposes of doing and thinking about conceptual engineering. Inferentialism about conceptual engineering makes better sense of the practice than a representationalist approach: In addition to accounting for the rationality of engaging in conceptual engineering, inferentialism provides a sound interpretation of what is at stake in concrete examples of conceptual engineering.

Self-supervised Short-text Modeling through Auxiliary Context Generation

Short text is ambiguous and often relies predominantly on the domain and context at hand in order to attain semantic relevance. Existing classification models perform poorly on short text due to data sparsity and inadequate context. Auxiliary context, which can often provide sufficient background regarding the domain, is typically available in several application scenarios. While some of the existing works aim to leverage real-world knowledge to enhance short-text representations, they fail to place appropriate emphasis on the auxiliary context. Such models do not harness the full potential of the available context in auxiliary sources. To address this challenge, we reformulate short-text classification as a dual channel self-supervised learning problem (that leverages auxiliary context) with a generation network and a corresponding prediction model. We propose a self-supervised framework, Pseudo-Auxiliary Context generation network for Short-text Modeling (PACS) , to comprehensively leverage auxiliary context and it is jointly learned with a prediction network in an end-to-end manner. Our PACS model consists of two sub-networks: a Context Generation Network (CGN) that models the auxiliary context’s distribution and a Prediction Network (PN) to map the short-text features and auxiliary context distribution to the final class label. Our experimental results on diverse datasets demonstrate that PACS outperforms formidable state-of-the-art baselines. We also demonstrate the performance of our model on cold-start scenarios (where contextual information is non-existent) during prediction. Furthermore, we perform interpretability and ablation studies to analyze various representational features captured by our model and the individual contribution of its modules to the overall performance of PACS, respectively.

FEATURES OF THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SOCIAL SPACE IN GERMAN LANGUAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

With the development of the current topic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the German language, as well as in other languages, socio-culturally determined neoplasms have appeared, indicating the transformation of society and changes in the ways of understanding and understanding the world, in particular, the conceptualization of the space of society in the context of the corona crisis that has engulfed the entire globe. Using the concept of soziale Distanz as an example, the author examines the features of the verbal representation of the ways of perceiving spatial relations that have developed in the era of a large-scale pandemic that has changed the way of life of people, including the format and structure of social space. The analysis of the material under study showed that in a pandemic, there is a rethinking of social space, in particular social distance, considered in the framework of cognitive linguistics as a way to ensure safety and a guarantee of health.

Mixed Structure with 3D Multi-Shortcut-Link Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification

A hyperspectral image classification method based on a mixed structure with a 3D multi-shortcut-link network (MSLN) was proposed for the features of few labeled samples, excess noise, and heterogeneous homogeneity of features in hyperspectral images. First, the spatial–spectral joint features of hyperspectral cube data were extracted through 3D convolution operation; then, the deep network was constructed and the 3D MSLN mixed structure was used to fuse shallow representational features and deep abstract features, while the hybrid activation function was utilized to ensure the integrity of nonlinear data. Finally, the global self-adaptive average pooling and L-softmax classifier were introduced to implement the terrain classification of hyperspectral images. The mixed structure proposed in this study could extract multi-channel features with a vast receptive field and reduce the continuous decay of shallow features while improving the utilization of representational features and enhancing the expressiveness of the deep network. The use of the dropout mechanism and L-softmax classifier endowed the learned features with a better generalization property and intraclass cohesion and interclass separation properties. Through experimental comparative analysis of six groups of datasets, the results showed that this method, compared with the existing deep-learning-based hyperspectral image classification methods, could satisfactorily address the issues of degeneration of the deep network and “the same object with distinct spectra, and distinct objects with the same spectrum.” It could also effectively improve the terrain classification accuracy of hyperspectral images, as evinced by the overall classification accuracies of all classes of terrain objects in the six groups of datasets: 97.698%, 98.851%, 99.54%, 97.961%, 97.698%, and 99.138%.

Лингвокультурная специфика репрезентирования телесности (на примере русского и английского юмористического дискурса)

The article focuses on exploring the specific features of body representation in Russian and English jokes. The purpose of the study was to identify linguocultural features of body representation in humorous discourse through analysing the meanings of the lexical unit body, which verbalizes the concept of body in the Russian and English languages. The lexico-semantic, conceptual and interpretative analyses revealed that this concept is represented in the linguistic worldviews of Russian and English linguocultures through common obligatory conceptual signs, such as materiality/tactility, integrity/ partibility and aliveness/deadness. It was established that the obligatory semantic (conceptual) sign of tactility is represented by verbs of perception and is common for both linguocultures, thus eliminating ambiguity in interpretation of jokes. The conceptual sign of integrity/partibility is expressed in the two linguocultures by nominating and redefining the functions of such body parts as the brain, face and liver in Russian linguoculture, and eyes, brain and liver in English linguoculture. The primary mean of representing the conceptual sign of integrity/partibility include metaphors, phraseological units, dark humour, as well as negative and evaluative judgements, all of which often lead to translation mistakes and communication failures. The semantic sign of aliveness/deadness is represented differently in the studied linguocultures. This can be accounted for by the fact that its linguoculture-specific representation mainly depends on contextual connotations and on the culture-specific ‘expected/unexpected’ effect, which is characteristic of humorous discourse.