Features Of Course Research Articles

Mental disorders in patients with cystic fibrosis

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that leads to dysfunction of internal organs and significantly increases the risk of respiratory infections. According to the N. P. Bochkov Medical and Genetic Research Center, 1 out of 9,000 newborns suffers from CF. Chronic disease has a negative impact on mental health and can contribute to the developmentof anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as accentuated traits and personality disorders. Aim. To summarize the currently available data on mental disorders in patients with CF, as well as to summarize current recommendations regarding the management of patients with this disease. Materials and methods. Articles were searched in Google Scholar databases, eLIBRARY.ru, Elsevier, PubMed from 2014 to 2024 by key words in Russian and English in accordance with the purpose of the study. Results. It has been established that mental health problems are associated with worse compliance to the treatment, as well as difficulties with self-organization and self-care. Some hypotheses that explain the pathogenesis of mental disorders have been provided. The key characteristics of course and clinical presentation of mental disorders in this group of patients have been described. Some potential recommendations for the treatment are provided, taking into the account the specificities of the metabolism of psychotropic drugs in people with CF. The tactics of management, including the creation of a multidisciplinary team that would consist of a doctor of somatic profile, psychiatrist and a psychologist. A strategy for development of this aspect of medical care for patients with CF has also been proposed. Conclusion. Drawing the attention of the scientific community to the problem of mental disorders in patients with CF will allow the introduction of methods for monitoring mental status and early detection of symptoms, and will also entail the creation of multidisciplinary teams, including a psychiatrist and a medical psychologist.

Features of the Clinical Course of Odontogenic Inflammatory Diseases of the Jaws and Soft Tissues in Drug Users

The objective: to analyze the features of the clinical course of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the jaws and paramaxillary soft tissues in drug addicts. Materials and methods. 294 drug-addicted patients with odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the jaws and soft tissues were examined and treated. All patients underwent a generally accepted clinical and X-ray examinations at the first visit and during the course of treatment. Primary odontogenic inflammatory processes in the jaw were found in the patients, namely: periodontitis, periostitis and osteomyelitis. The reliability of the examination results was calculated according to Student’s criteria. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. Atypical clinical and radiological features of the course of periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, abscesses and phlegmons were found in the study participants, namely: progressive nature, significant prevalence of lesions, peculiar clinical symptoms. Unsatisfactory healing of post-extraction and postoperative wounds, very low effectiveness of the medical measures, relapse course, which should be taken into account during the treatment of this category of patients, were found in drug addicts. Conclusions. The developed schemes for the treatment of odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial region and neck in drug-addicted persons contribute to the faster elimination of the purulent-inflammatory process (compared to traditional treatment), improve the healing of postoperative purulent wounds, and reduce the occurrence of local postoperative inflammatory complications in 3–4 times.

The landscape of undergraduate introduction to exercise science courses.

Introductory classes are often a student's first exposure to foundational knowledge, careers, and faculty in an academic major. The characteristics of introductory exercise science courses, as well as faculty impressions of course benefits and areas for improvement, were explored in this study. Electronic survey data from 181 universities around the United States were analyzed. A wide range of course content was reported. Institution type was related to the status of the faculty teaching the course, method of course delivery, class size, and class availability. The number of majors was related to faculty status, class availability, and class size. Specifically, private 4-year institutions were more likely to teach smaller, face-to-face classes. Introduction courses at R1, R2, and doctoral/professional institutions and programs with 300 or more majors were less likely to be taught by only tenured/tenure track faculty. Classes were more likely to be offered in various modalities as opposed to only face-to-face at community colleges, and programs with 300 or more majors were more likely to have classes with 50 or more students. Enrollment in the introductory course was more likely restricted to majors and minors at public 4-year schools and programs with 300 or more majors. Faculty perceived knowledge acquisition and relationship building as benefits of introductory classes for students and programs. The overarching themes for course improvement were modifying course content and characteristics of course delivery. Considering the varied course characteristics, we encourage faculty and administrators to be intentional when designing and implementing introductory exercise science courses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although introductory courses are important gateways to the exercise science major, there is a lack of consensus on content and delivery. Among institutions across the United States, introductory class size and mode of delivery varied, as well as who could enroll in and who taught the course. Course characteristics were related to institution type and major size. Relationship building and knowledge acquisition were perceived by faculty as key benefits of introductory classes for students and programs.

Systemic Amyloidosis with Cardiac Involvement: Features of Course and Diagnostic Difficulties

Systemic Amyloidosis with Cardiac Involvement: Features of Course and Diagnostic Difficulties

Thoughts on the Reform of College Physical Education under the Background of “Curriculum Ideology and Politics”

In the physical education curriculum, ideological and political education is an important way to cultivate talents with both ability and political integrity. As a place for cultivating professional talents, colleges and universities must adhere to the fundamental direction of “strengthen moral education and cultivate people”. By clarifying the concept of physical education in colleges and universities, it is necessary to highlight the characteristics of courses and professions, adhere to the guiding ideology of “student-centered”, analyze the whole process of integrating curriculum ideology and politics into college physical education, and put forward corresponding countermeasures to build a background of “curriculum ideology and politics”. Under the teaching mode of pedagogy courses in colleges and universities, a feasible basis for the construction of ideological and political courses in the teaching of physical education in colleges and universities is provided.

Some Aspects Of Acute Bronchitis In Children

The article presents data on the structure of morbidity and features of the modern course of respiratory diseases in children of Andijan. The relevance, place among bronchopulmonary diseases, and features of the course of modern bronchitis in childhood are determined. A brief clinical description is given and the main approaches to the treatment of acute bronchitis are identified. Data from clinical experience with the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug fenspiride hydrochloride (Erespal) in children are presented. High anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, indirect mucoactive and antitussive effects of the drug in the complex treatment of bronchitis in children were noted

Вікові особливості перебігу ротавірусної інфекції в дітей та внесок осмотичного компонента в патогенез діарейного синдрому залежно від віку

Purpose - to identify the age-specific features of the course of rotavirus infection (RVI) in children and to clarify the role of the osmolar component in the pathogenesis of diarrheal syndrome in young children. Materials and methods. 100 young children with RVI were examined. Children were divided into 3 age subgroups: 1-6 months, 6-12 months and 13-24 months. A comparative analysis of the manifestation and features of the clinical course of the disease was carried out in the subgroups. A comparative assessment of the level of undigested sugars in feces and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the dynamics of the disease were carried out. The total level of carbohydrates in feces was determined on the 2nd, 5th, 7th and 10th day of RVI using the Benedict test. Concentrations of SCFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate) were determined on 2nd, 5th and 10th days by liquid chromatography. As physiological indicators of the total amount of carbohydrates in the feces and fecal concentrations of SCFA, the indicators of 30 relatively healthy children were taken. The "STATISTICA for Windows 13" program was used for statistical processing of the obtained data. Since the quantitative values that were analyzed had a distribution that differed from normal, non-parametric statistical methods were applied. Results. Children 1-6 months of age with RVI less often had fever and vomiting (p˂0.05), had longer diarrhea (p˂0.05), which was more often accompanied by flatulence, intestinal colic (p˂0.05), than children 13-24 months of age. Children of this subgroup had the highest levels of carbohydrates in feces in the acute period of RVI (р˂0.05 on the 2nd and 5th day relative to children 6-12 months and 13-24 months of age) and in the period of convalescence (р˂0.05 on 10th day for children 13-24 months of age). In all subgroups of children, reduced concentrations of SCFA were noted in the acute period of RVI (p>0.05 relative to the reference values from the 3rd to the 5th day). The most pronounced decrease in the total concentrations of SCFA (p<0.01 relative to the reference values) during the entire period of RVI were observed in children 1-6 months of aged. Conclusions. RVI is characterized by longer diarrhea which is more often accompanied by flatulence and intestinal colic in children 1-6 months of age, while children 13-24 months of age more often have fever and vomiting. The most pronounced disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in the intestines and changes in the functional activity of the intestinal microflora during RVI occur in children 1-6 months of age. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Reform of the Evaluation Index System of Civics Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges and Universities Curriculum Oriented to the Demands of Vocational Positions in the Context of Deep Learning

Abstract Vocational and technical education professional courses have significant occupational relevance, and the teaching and evaluation design ideas of its course Civics should be drawn by the job tenure demand. In this paper, through the matching comparison between the characteristics of graduates of higher vocational colleges and the vector space of job demand characteristics, the residual optimal algorithm is used to construct the matching model of college students’ supply and demand so as to achieve the maximization of the total matching value between supply and demand. On the basis of the CIPP evaluation model and the teaching characteristics of courses in higher vocational colleges and universities, a fit analysis is carried out to construct the evaluation index system for the teaching of Civics and Politics in courses in higher vocational colleges and universities. The study shows that the weights of the four first-level indicators, namely, teaching background, teaching input, teaching process, and teaching effect, are 0.2042, 0.2592, 0.3754, and 0.1612, respectively, of which the teaching process has the most significant proportion of weight. Practical value can be gained from the teaching evaluation system.

Эпизодические синдромы, ассоциированные с мигренью (клинико-эпидемиологическое исследование в педиатрической практике)

Abstract. Episodic syndromes of childhood that may be associated with migraine is an understudied condition rarely diagnosed in pediatric practice. The features of course in children of different age groups are not well described. The research purpose is to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of the course of childhood equivalents of migraine in children of various age groups in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. The study included the 1st (main) group of 250 children (120 (48 %) girls and 130 (52 %) boys) aged from 5 to 18 years (mean age – 13 (2.9) years, median age – 13 (11‒15) years) with complaints of headaches. The 2nd (comparative) group consisted of 250 children (119 (47.6 %) girls and 131 (52.4 %) boys) aged 5 to 18 years (mean age – 10.7 (3.6) years, median age – 10 (8‒14) years), who were treated in the pediatric department due to various somatic and neurological diseases (diabetes mellitus type I and II, gastritis, tachycardia, anemia, ventricular extrasystole, etc.) with no current complaints of headaches. An analysis of the socio-demographic, anamnestic, clinical and clinical-psychological characteristics of the studied groups was carried out. For statistical analysis and visualization of the obtained data we used the statistical computing environment R 4.3.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The association was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. All episodic syndromes associated with migraine are connected with a high possibility of developing subsequent migraine headaches. These syndromes include recurrent gastrointestinal disorders (cyclic vomiting syndrome; abdominal migraine), benign paroxysmal torticollis, benign paroxysmal vertigo. Conclusion. Episodic syndromes associated with migraine are considered as precursors of migraine in children. As a rule, they appear in the early stages. For example, abdominal migraine, infant colic – an analogue of adult migraine. Children who suffer from these diseases at an early age are significantly more likely to suffer from migraine in adulthood, which is accompanied by gastrointestinal disorders and other syndromes. It should also be noted that episodic childhood syndromes associated with migraine are often observed in children not as separate, isolated syndromes, but are harbingers of migraine itself, that is, they are observed in the prodrome phase followed by a migraine attack. It has also been shown that episodic childhood syndromes associated with migraine can also be observed in the postdrome phase after a migraine attack.

Specific Features of the Course and Treatment of Respiratory Tuberculosis in Women during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period. Perinatal Outcomes

The objective: to study specific features of the respiratory tuberculosis course and effectiveness of its treatment during pregnancy and postpartum period, and to evaluate the impact of tuberculosis on perinatal outcomes.Subjects and Methods. In 2010 - 2022, a retrospective-prospective case-control study enrolling 164 patients of reproductive age was conducted in Central Tuberculosis Research Institute. Two groups were formed: Case Group included 82 pregnant women with respiratory tuberculosis; Control Group included 82 non-pregnant patients with respiratory tuberculosis.Results. In both groups, new cases of respiratory tuberculosis were notified more often versus relapses. Distinctive features of respiratory tuberculosis in pregnant women versus the non-pregnant were as follows: the predominance of the proportion of extensive drug resistant M. tuberculosis – 55.5% versus 31.7% (p<0.05), respectively; lower frequency of lung tissue destruction – 18.3% versus 32.9% (p≤0.05); higher incidence of cavities - 80% and 40.7% (p≤0.05) and complications of respiratory tuberculosis – 25.6% versus 12.2% (p≤0.03), respectively. The high effectiveness of respiratory tuberculosis treatment such as relief of clinical symptoms and sputum conversion was achieved at the end of the intensive therapy phase both in Case Group and Control Group. Longer time until sputum conversion and lower rate of cavity healing were reported in the patients from Case Group. In 75.6% of pregnant women from Case Group there was a delivery with favorable perinatal outcomes.

Assessment of Epidemiology Courses in Health Management Undergraduate Education in Turkey

Abstract
 
 Objective: In today’s ever-changing health sector, health managers need to focus on promoting the health of populations, therefore they need a specialized understanding of epidemiology, as a necessary requirement for population-based management. Epidemiology is acknowledged as an important component of health management undergraduate education, which provides the knowledge and skills that health managers use in their efforts to promote quality of health. This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to assess the extent to which epidemiology is conducted in health management undergraduate programs in Turkey.
 Material and Method: The current curricula of 75 health management undergraduate programs, listed on the Program Atlas of the Higher Education Council, are reviewed through universities' Information Package for National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education to profile the characteristics of epidemiology courses. Descriptive statistics was expressed as mean±standard deviation for continuous variables, frequency and percentage values were used for categorical variables.
 Findings: A total of 60 (80.0%) programs have epidemiology in their curricula, yet the characteristics of these courses, such as their core/elective status, the semesters they are conducted, the weekly contact hours and ECTS credits, and the topics covered in the syllabus vary across programs.
 Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that there are variations regarding how epidemiology courses are conducted across health management undergraduate programs in Turkey. Apparently this poses a challenge against all efforts to ensure the uniformity of the minimum core competencies among all health management program graduates; and although the Health Management National Core Education Program has been a great starting point towards standardization, there are further steps to be taken to improve the health management undergraduate curricula in Turkey.

Features of course and prevalence of COVID-19 among cancer patients in different countries

Relevance. SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it caused, COVID-19, became the reason of pandemic that changed the entire life of mankind once and for all. In the fist months, due to the lack of reliable data on this virus, experts could not even imagine how this situation would affect cancer patients. With the accumulation of experience in working with these patients in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, articles summarizing information about the incidence of new coronavirus infection (NCI) and its course in cancer patients began to appear in medical publications. Up-to-date information on this topic is presented in this review.Target. The study of the prevalence and features of the course of COVID-19 based on the analysis of current scientifi publications on this topic.Results. The course of COVID-19 depends on many factors, including age, gender, comorbidity, ECOG status, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and the type of solid tumor.Conclusions. Due to the absence of a register of the incidence of COVID-19 in Russia, cancer patients do not have a complete understanding of how the tumor process proceeds after recovery from NCI. This requires further research and in-depth analysis.

Digital courseware meets professional learning community: blended learning to improve the teaching of early literacy in a developing country

ABSTRACT This article reports on a study of a teacher professional development (TPD) course that combined digital courseware with a face-to-face professional learning community. The aim of the course, implemented in a developing country, was to improve teacher knowledge and practice in early childhood literacy and numeracy. Using interview and questionnaire data, this article focuses on teachers’ views on the literacy modules of the course; that is, their views on the impact of the course on their learning and teaching and the design features of the blended course. The findings highlight that the blended course was successful overall despite a number of challenges associated with contextual conditions in a developing country. Themes related to teacher knowledge, views and practices, positive features of the course design and limitations of the course design. The findings have implications for future development, delivery and evaluation of blended learning courses for teacher professional development in developing countries.

Increasing Competence in Compiling Teaching Materials through Assistance in the Development of Teaching Materials for Lecturers

Teaching materials are an integral part of learning. Teaching materials will always develop according to technological and scientific developments. IAI Al-Khairat lecturers need an activity to help them improve their ability to compile the latest teaching materials. This mentoring activity for preparing teaching materials aims to assist lecturers in producing teaching materials that are by the characteristics of courses and students in the IAI Al-Khairat Pamekasan Madura environment. The development of teaching materials is one of the performance indicators used to evaluate the contribution of lecturers to the university's main performance indicators. Teaching materials in the main performance indicators can be used to show that the community uses them. Assistance in the development of teaching materials is carried out using the project-based learning method, where participants will produce drafts of course teaching materials. The subjects of this training activity were IAI Al-Khairat Pamekasan lecturers, totalling 30 lecturers. As a result of the training activities, lecturers can compile teaching materials on the subjects that are well taught and by the times. This activity concludes that the competence of lecturers in developing teaching materials is increasing.

Clinical and diagnostic features of course of cerebral venous thrombosis during COVID‑19 pandemic

Relevance. During the COVID‑19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the frequency of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) by 30–60 times. At the same time, the development of CVT does not depend on the severity of COVID‑19. Diagnosis of CVT during the COVID‑19 pandemic is particularly difficult, since the most common symptom of CVT, headache, can be regarded as a manifestation of COVID‑19. A wide range of clinical symptoms and low alertness of doctors leads to late diagnosis and verification of CVT.Purpose of the study. To analyze the features of clinical manifestations and neuroimaging signs of CVT against the background of COVID‑19. Patients and methods. We examined 70 young and middle-aged patients with COVID‑19 of varying severity, who underwent inpatient treatment in angio-neurological and re-profiled infectious diseases departments of North-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov (Saint Petersburg, Russia) at the age of 18 to 59 years (38.5 ± 11.58), of which 49 (70 %) women and 21 (30 %) men.Results. The most common neurological symptom in patients with CVT due to COVID‑19 was diffuse headache. The severity of COVID‑19 and the degree of lung damage did not correlate with the severity of CVT. In 32 (46 %) cases, CVT was accompanied by the development of venous stroke: ischemic – in 13 (19 %) patients, hemorrhagic – in 7 (10 %), ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic impregnation – in 12 (17 %) patients. According to the localization of the thrombus, thrombosis of the left transverse sinus was most often noted – in 39 (57 %) cases.Conclusions. The leading symptom in all patients with CVT was headache, which was not relieved by taking conventional analgesics, which caused clinical alertness of doctors. Early diagnosis of CVT ensured the immediate start of anticoagulant therapy and contributed to positive dynamics in all patients in the form of regression of neurological deficit and improvement in general condition.

Courses on physiotherapy in Hungary: overview and characteristics

This paper provides an overview of the current situation and characteristics of courses on physiotherapy in Hungary. The research aimed to map the training opportunities for physiotherapy professionals. The authors analysed available Hungarian courses on the Internet, examining the type of courses, teaching methods, duration, cost, target audience, instructor qualifications, as well as the nature of exams and certificates. A total of 26 courses were examined, specialising in various areas and professional needs. A wide range of courses is available, providing professionals with opportunities for further professional development and the acquisition of new techniques. Courses can be taken in person, through blended/hybrid learning, or online. Teaching methods include instructor videos, practical demonstrations, online materials, and lectures. The instructors are typically physiotherapists or specialised doctors. The courses are generally of shorter duration, and online courses become immediately accessible after payment. Participants receive a certificate upon completion of the courses, and some courses require a final test or exam. The prices of the courses are generally affordable, but longer and qualification-providing courses may be more expensive. In conclusion, the paper highlights the wide range of physiotherapy education options available in Hungary, offering professionals opportunities for further professional development and the mastery of the latest techniques.

КОМОРБИДНОСТЬ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА, ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ И ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ

The article reviews the modern epidemiological data on TB, HIV infection, TB/HIV co-infection, and the incidence of mental diseases among these patients in Russia and worldwide. We analyzed features of course and treatment of TB/HIV co-infection in patients with mental diseases or cognitive disorders. We also analyzed data on the comorbidity impact, which aggravates clinical course and prognosis of the diseases, impedes treatment, reduces treatment effectiveness in patients with TB, HIV infection, or TB/HIV co-infection associated with mental diseases.

Features of course of chickenpox and immunization of children with congenital epidermolysis bullosa from <i>Varicella zoster virus</i>: Results of retrospective and prospective study

Patients with congenital epidermolysis bullosa (CEB) are at increased risk of developing skin infections. In this category of patients, infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV) can lead to such complications.Purpose of the study. To assess the severity of Varicella (VA) and the immune status of patients with CEB who had a history of VA. To study the efficacy and safety of the varicella vaccine in patients with CEB.Methods. During the study, two groups were formed: children with CEB who had a history of VO (group 1), children who received one dose of vaccine against VO (group 2). The severity of chickenpox in children from group 1 was assessed based on the survey data. The immune status of participants in groups 1 and 2 was determined by the level of serum IgG antibodies to VZV by enzyme immunoassay. The safety of immunization against varicella in children with CEB was assessed by the number of adverse events in the post-vaccination period.Results. The study included 16 children with CEB who had a history of chickenpox and 30 children with CEB who were vaccinated against chickenpox. According to the survey, in group 1 5 (31.25%) people had mild chickenpox, 8 (50.00%) children had moderate severity, and 3 (18.75%) children had a severe course of the disease. According to the results of laboratory data, in 15 (94.00%) children, a sufficient level of protective antibodies was formed after the disease. Thirty patients were immunized with the first dose of varicella vaccine. The vast majority of patients developed a level of protective antibodies to the varicella-zoster virus. All patients did not have serious adverse events and worsening of the underlying disease in the post-vaccination period.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a good safety profile and efficacy of the first dose of the varicella vaccine and allow us to proceed with further observations after the completion of the course of immunization of children with CEB against this infection.

Порівняльний аналіз клінічного перебігу наркотичних отруєнь при різних комбінаціях опіоїдів, психостимуляторів і алкоголю

Abstract. Clinical evaluation of combined drug poisoning is a rather difficult matter, since despite the progress in understanding the pharmacological effects and toxicity of many modern narcotic substances and precursors, their combined action in most cases remains unknown. Aim: to study the features of the clinical course of combined poisoning caused by the simultaneous consumption of drugs of different groups and alcohol. Materials and Methods. The medical data of 212 cases of drug poisoning (overdose) were studied. Clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with various combinations of opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2019, Student's t-test for paired samples, Pearson's correlation analysis, p≤0.05 was used. Results. The use of opioids, alcohol, and psychostimulants in various combinations leads to the development of a specific picture of poisoning. Depending on the combination of narcotic substances and alcohol, these or other toxic symptoms and syndromes occur, which differ in nature, duration, intensity, and frequency depending on the combination and dose of narcotic substances. Combined poisoning with the participation of opioids, alcohol, and psychostimulants differ in the frequency of hypotension, arrhythmias, muscle atony, rhabdomyolysis, electrolyte and metabolic disorders. There was a correlation established between the number of toxicants and the duration of the patient's stay in the intensive care unit (r=0.7864, p=0.00123) and the presence of biomarkers of nephro- and hepatotoxicity (r=0.5285, p =0.00411); the correlation between the number of toxicants and the development of oligo-anuria was not confirmed (r=0.0007, p=0.001). Conclusions. The study of the clinical and laboratory features of the course of combined drug poisoning caused by the simultaneous consumption of 3 or more toxicants is an urgent direction of modern clinical toxicology and emergency medicine. Key Words: drugs, alcohol, combined poisonings.

A Comparative Analysis of Mathematics Achievement in Content Areas of Pre-calculus Before and After Covid-19 －A case study for first-year engineering students at a local university

This study examined the changes in mathematics achievement in certain content areas of freshmen before and after Covid-19. For this purpose, in 2019 and 2021, the diagnosis assessment and the mid-term and final exam scores for the first semester of the local engineering college students were converted into 100 points and compared in various aspects. As a result, first, the scores seem to confirm a decline in mathematics achievement in 2021 when compared to the scores achieved before the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, in the case of the upper group, online classes were more effective concerning the study of transcendental function, function and limit, derivatives, and the application of derivatives. Third, in the lower level group, the face-to-face classes were more effective regarding the study of function, transcendental function, function and limit, and integrals. Fourth, the results of the comparison of contents between the upper and lower level groups in 2019 showed that the lower level group’s achievement was higher than the upper level group’s in all areas, but that there was no statistically significant difference. Finally, the results of the comparison between the upper and lower level groups in 2021 showed that the upper level group’s achievement was higher than the lower level group’s in all areas, but that there was a statistically significant difference only when it came to the learning of integrals., in addition to the content characteristics of courses in the liberal arts area regarding the basic nature of a major.