Rat Fat Research Articles

Health impact of different fats in rats.

Health impact of different fats in rats.

The effects of high-intensity interval training/moderate-intensity continuous training on the inhibition of fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet during training and detraining

BackgroundCompared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has at least a comparable effect on inhibiting an increase in fat. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the effects of detraining on body fat in rats fed a high-fat diet. The present study aimed to compare the effects of 10 weeks of HIIT or MICT as well as 6 weeks of detraining on body fat in rats fed a high-fat diet.MethodsAfter being fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, 54 female rats were randomly assigned to six groups: (1) CON-10, sedentary control for 10 weeks; (2) MICT-10, 10 weeks of MICT; (3) HIIT-10, 10 weeks of HIIT; (4) CON-16, sedentary control for 16 weeks; (5) MICT-16, 10 weeks of MICT followed by 6 weeks of training cessation; and (6) HIIT-16, 10 weeks of HIIT followed by 6 weeks of training cessation. The training was performed 5 days/week. The subcutaneous adipose tissue (inguinal; SCAT), visceral adipose tissue (periuterine; VAT) and serum lipid profile were analysed after 10 or 16 weeks. Adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein expression in VAT was assessed by western blotting.ResultsHIIT-10 and MICT-10 prevented the increase in SCAT, VAT and serum lipid levels seen in the CON group. During the 6-week detraining period, HIIT continued to prevent the increase in adipose tissue mass observed in the CON group, whereas MICT at least maintained this inhibition. The inhibition of fat mass increase was mainly the result of preventing adipocyte hypertrophy. The HIIT-10 and HIIT-16 groups showed the highest ATGL protein expression.ConclusionsHIIT has a comparable effect to MICT on inhibiting fat accumulation in female rats; however, the inhibition of SCAT and VAT increase by HIIT is superior to MICT after short-term training cessation.Graphical

ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRATRACE EXOGENOUS 14C UREA IN RATS

ABSTRACT The absorption and distribution of radiocarbon-labeled urea at the ultratrace level were investigated with a 14C-AMS biotracer method. The radiopharmaceutical concentrations in the plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, brain, bladder, muscle, testis, and fat of rats after oral administration of 14C urea at ultratrace doses were determined by AMS, and the concentration-time curves in plasma and tissues and pharmacokinetic distribution data were obtained. This study provides an analytical method for the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of exogenous urea in rats at ultratrace doses and explores the feasibility of evaluation and long-term tracking of ultratrace doses of drugs with AMS.

Effects of Dietary Allitol and D-Allulose on Body Fat Accumulation and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.

We investigated the effects of a single and simultaneous intake of allitol and d-allulose on body fat accumulation and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and accurately assessed the contribution of rare sugars to body fat in rats fed a high-fat diet that led to obesity. Thirty-two male 3-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, allitol, d-allulose, and allitol + d-allulose. The rats were fed experimental diets and water ad libitum for 11 weeks. High doses of allitol or d-allulose can induce diarrhea in rat; hence, each group of rats was acclimated to 1-5% allitol and d-allulose incrementally for the initial 20 days. After the feeding period, all rats were euthanized and collected tissues. Perirenal, mesenteric, and total intra-abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly reduced by dietary d-allulose, whereas dietary allitol tended to decrease these adipose tissue weights. Both allitol and d-allulose significantly decreased carcass and total body fat mass. We confirmed that both dietary allitol and d-allulose inhibited body fat accumulation; however, d-allulose did not inhibit hepatic lipogenesis and no synergy was observed between dietary allitol and d-allulose in terms of anti-obesity effects. Dietary allitol significantly increased cecal SCFA levels and these effects were more potent than those of dietary d-allulose. The antiobesity effect of allitol may be due to the action of SCFAs, especially butyric acid, produced by the gut microbiota. Many of the effects of allitol as an alternative sweetener remain unknown, and further research is required.

Influence of chronic immobilization stress on vitamin status in rats fed different diets

The influence of a stress factor, widespread in modern conditions, on the vitamin status has not been studied enough. At the same time, the negative stress impact can be aggravated against the background of unhealthy nutrition, which in turn affects the vitamin status of the organism. In this regard, the goal of the research was to evaluate the effect of chronic restrict stress on the vitamin supply in rats fed a diet with adequate and increased content of fat, sugar and cholesterol. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 37 growing male Wistar rats (initial body weight of 45±5 g) divided into 4 groups. Animals of the 1st (control) and the 2nd groups received a complete semi-synthetic diet (CSSD) (20% protein, 10% fat, 58% carbohydrates in the form of starch, 384 kcal/100 g) for 92 days. The levels of all vitamins and mineral elements in the rats' diets were adequate for growing rats. Rats of the 3rd and the 4th groups were fed a high-calorie, high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD) (20% protein, 28% fat, 2% cholesterol, 18% carbohydrates in the form of starch, 20% sucrose, 511 kcal/100 g). Animals of groups 2 and 4 were subjected to daily 90-minute immobilization. The concentration of vitamins A (retinol and retinol palmitate) and E (α-tocopherol) in the blood serum and liver were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, vitamins B1 and B2 in the liver and urine, as well as riboflavin in the blood serum and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) in urine were determined by fluorimetric methods. Biochemical parameters of blood serum were determined on a biochemical analyzer; the total content of fat, triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CH) was determined in the liver. Results. Replacing CSSD with HFHCD, both under restraint stress and without, was accompanied by an increase in liver weight by 1.8-2.0 fold, in its fat content by 2.6-3.3 fold, cholesterol by 32.6-35.3 fold and TG - by 33.0-57.6 fold (p=<0.001). An increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity by 1.7-2.0 fold (p=<0.01), in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level by 5.4 fold (p=<0.05) and the atherogenic coefficient by 2.5 fold (p<0.01) as well as a decrease in creatinine and urea level (p=<0.05) in blood serum were revealed. Immobilization was accompanied by a decrease in body weight, liver and liver fat in rats fed both CSSD and HFHCD (p<0.05), but didn't affect the blood serum biochemical parameters, with the exception of an increase in ALT activity. If the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) did not change during immobilization of rats fed the CSSD, then in animals fed the high-calorie diet it decreased by 37.5% (p=<0.05 from the control) under its increase against the background of restrict stress by 78.7% (p=<0.01) compared to the indicator of rats of the 3rd group. Immobilization of rats treated with CSSD was accompanied by an increase in both absolute serum α-tocopherol level and concentration correlated with the level of cholesterol and triglycerides by 26.0-57.5% (p<0.05), with a simultaneous decrease in its content in the liver per 1 g of wet tissue by 22.1% (p=0.041) relative to the indicators of intact animals. Immobilization reduced the level of retinol palmitate in the liver by 2.3 times (p<0.01), but did not affect retinol level in the blood serum. At the same time, indicators of B vitamin status (the content of vitamins B1 and B2 in the liver per 1 g of wet tissue and per organ, blood serum riboflavin level, urinary excretion of riboflavin and 4-PA) did not change, with the exception of thiamine urinary excretion, which reduced compared to the control by 38.8%. In rats fed HFHCD, immobilization had no additional effect on the supply with vitamins A and E. The content of vitamins B1 and B2 in the liver in terms of the whole organ was reduced by 14.0-26.7% relative to the indicator in animals of the 3rd group, not subjected to chronic stress, only due to differences in liver weight in animals of these groups. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that chronic stress has a negative effect on the vitamin status of the body, worsening the supply with vitamins A, E and B1, and substantiate the feasibility of studying the mechanisms of this effect in order to develop effective vitamin complexes for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by long-term stress.

Effect of retrobulbar prostaglandin analog injection on orbital fat in rats.

Periorbital fat atrophy is a known side effect of topical prostaglandin analogs (PA). This side effect may have implications in the treatment of diseases like thyroid orbitopathy. In this in vivo study we aimed to evaluate the effects of retrobulbar injection of three different PAs on orbital fat. Eighteen adult male Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups of six animals. 0.1ml of 0.03% bimatoprost, 0.005% latanoprost, or 0.005% travoprost was injected into the right orbits and saline was injected into the left orbits, as controls. Both orbits were exenterated after 3weeks. Histological cross-sections were analyzed using ImageJ image analysis software. Intraconal adipocyte density was calculated. There was no significant difference in the adipocyte density between the PA injected orbits and the control side in each of the three groups. When calculations from all three groups were analyzed together, again the difference in the adipocyte density between the PA injected orbits and the control side was not significant. No significant fat atrophy was noted in this rat model three weeks after retrobulbar injection of PAs. To evaluate retrobulbar injection of PA as a potential therapy for orbital diseases with fat proliferation, in vivo studies in different animal models, higher concentrations of PA, or longer follow-up duration are required.

Antiatherogenic Potential of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in a High-Fructose/High-Fat Diet: Experimental Randomized Trial

Background. Transcranial electrical stimulation is a promising method for correction of malnutrition-induced hyperlipidemia, in the absence of indications for drug hypolipidemic therapy in young and middle-aged patients with low and moderate cardiovascular risk. Objectives — to study the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation on lipid metabolism in a high-fructose/high-fat (HFHF) diet in rats.Methods. An experimental randomized trial was performed to study the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation on lipid metabolism in a high-calorie diet enriched with fructose and saturated animal fat in rats. The experiments involved 180 outbred male rats and were carried out on the basis of the vivarium of Kuban State Medical University. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1 (control group, n = 60) — followed a standard diet; group 2 (comparison group, n = 60) — followed a HFHF diet; group 3 (experimental group, n = 60) — underwent transcranial electrical stimulation against the background of a HFHF diet. According to the target reference point of the study, the groups were divided into three equal subgroups of 20 rats each: subgroup A — day 30, subgroup B — day 60, and subgroup C — day 90 (biomaterial sampling and euthanasia were carried out on those days). In the obtained blood samples, the following lipid metabolism parameters were evaluated: total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic index. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2021 (Microsoft, USA), GraphPadPrism 9 (GraphPad Software, USA) and Statistica 13.3 (StatSoft, USA).Results. On the 30th day of the study, it was noted that in group 3, the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 14.9% lower and the atherogenic index was 30.8% lower (p &lt; 0.05) than in group 2, while total cholesterol concentration, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol had no statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). On the 60th day of the study, in group 3, when compared to group 2, the concentration of total cholesterol was 18.7% lower, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 42.9% lower, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 16.7% higher, and the atherogenic index was 56.3% lower (p &lt; 0.05), while triglycerides had no statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). On the 90th day of the study, in group 3, when compared to group 2, the concentration of total cholesterol was 29.2% lower, the concentration of triglycerides was 36.0% lower, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 42.8% lower, and the atherogenic index was 57.0% lower (p &lt; 0.05), while the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol had no statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion. High-fructose/high-fat diet leads to a progressive increase in the serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as to a moderate decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a growth in the atherogenic index. Transcranial electrical stimulation has a moderate lipid-lowering effect, manifested in the form of a decrease in the serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and atherogenic index, while the effect on the concentration of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is insignificant.

Effect of Level of Protein on Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Sudan Desert Sheep Fed Molasses-Based Fattening Rations

Three yearling intact males of Sudan desert sheep (Hamariecotype) ranging in weight between 26 and 30 kg were used in a 3x3 latinsquare design with the objective of studying the effect of feeding threecrude protein (CP) levels (14.5%, 16.7% and 18.7%) in complete iso-caloric molasses-based diets on nitrogen-balance, digestibility ofnutrients, rectal temperature and respiration rate. Nitrogen (N) level hadno significant effect on the digestibility coefficients of the differentnutrients, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and N-balance. Urine volume,rectal temperature and respiration rate were not affected by N level.

Estimation of Rat Body Composition by Means of Electromagnetic Scanning Is Altered by Duration of Anesthesia

We determined the effect of anesthesia on estimation of fat-free mass and body fat in rats using electromagnetic scanning (EMS). Male Wistar Furth rats (n = 7, ∼226 g) were injected with 66 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride and 6.6 mg/kg xylazine intramuscular anesthesia. EMS measures were repeated every 4 min, up to 80 min post-anesthesia injection. From 4 to 44 min post-injection, the EMS signal and consequently the estimation of fat-free mass decreased from 198 ± 5 to 180 ± 5 g (mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Conversely, the estimation of body fat increased by 63% during this period of anesthesia (12.9 ± 2.9 vs. 21.1 ± 2.6 g/100 g body wt, P < 0.05). In cohort animals (n = 6), body temperature and respiration rate declined following anesthesia (P < 0.05), and may have correspondingly suppressed EMS signal via reduced ion flux and/or muscular activity. In another study the effects of food deprivation, tail position, and anesthesia duration were demonstrated to alter estimation of fat-free mass (P = 0.0001), but these effects were not interactive (P > 0.05). Proximate analysis of body composition in cohort rats indicated that EMS predicted fat-free mass with a 3.5% error when estimated at 4 min post-anesthesia injection. Taken together, these data suggest that standardized EMS protocols should be adopted to account for effects of anesthesia, animal position and food deprivation. When manufacturer's equations are used, body composition should be measured immediately after induction of anesthesia. However, laboratories that choose to internally generate EMS regression equations with proximate analysis should determine and utilize the period of minimal variability in EMS measures. Such precautions would minimize interlaboratory differences in the reporting of EMS body composition measures in anesthetized animals.

Effects of alternate-day modified fasting combined exercise on fat reducing and the FNDC5/Irisin-UCP1 pathway

The effects of Alternate-day modified fasting combined exercise on fat mass, muscle mass, and serum Irisin, FNDC5 and UCP1 proteins were investigated in rats with 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and modified alternate-day fasting intervention. Thirty-two healthy 8-week-old SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, exercise group, alternate-day modified fasting and alternate-day modified fasting combined with exercise group, 8 rats in each group. The exercise group performed treadmill exercise with moderate exercise intensity(60 min/d,5 d/w), the alternate-day modified fasting group alternated between fasting and free feeding every other day, and fed 25% basal energy feed on fasting days, and the alternate-day modified fasting combined exercise group received two combined interventions. After 4 weeks of intervention, the body fat rate of rats was measured by apical blood sampling and abdominal aortic blood sampling, and the serum was preserved and centrifuged, and the wet weights of bilateral gastrocnemius, bilateral perirenal fat and brown fat at the scapula were weighed, and samples were collected for paraffin sectioning and HE staining, and the cell areas were counted; serum Irisin levels were measured by ELISA, and FNDC5 protein expression in gastrocnemius and UCP1 protein expression in adipose tissue were detected by Western blot. After 4 weeks of intervention, compared with the Con group, energy intake, body weight and body fat were decreased significantly in the Exer, ADMF and ADMF-Exer groups (P＜0.05), the wet weight/body weight and adipocyte area of white fat were reduced significantly (P＜0.01), and there was no significant difference in scapular fat wet weight/body weight (P＞0.05). Compared with the Con group, the gastrocnemius wet weight/body weight in the ADMF group was reduced significantly (P＜0.05), while that in the ADMF-Exer group was increased significantly (P＜0.05), the muscle cross-sectional areas in the Exer group and the ADMF-Exer group were increased (P＜0.05), and the content of gastrocnemius FNDC5 protein, serum Irisin level and expression of adipose UCP1 protein in the ADMF-Exer group were increased significantly (P＜0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, energy intake was reduced significantly in both ADMF and ADMF-Exer groups (P＜0.01) and body weight of ADMF-Exer group was decreased (P＜0.05) compared with the Exer group. Compared with the Exer group, there were no significant differences in body fat content, white fat wet weight/body weight and scapular fat wet weight/body weight between ADMF group and ADMF-Exer group (P＞0.05), and adipocyte area in ADMF-Exer group was reduced significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with the Exer group, the gastrocnemius muscle wet weight/body weight was reduced significantly in the ADMF group (P＜0.05), and the expression of FNDC5 protein, serum Irisin and adipose UCP1 protein in the ADMF-Exer group were increased significantly compared with the Exer group (P＜0.05). Alternate-day modified fasting combined with exercise intervention can effectively control body weight and reduce body fat in rats, and the mechanism may be through the FNDC5/Irisin-UCP1 pathway to induce browning of white adipose tissue and increase thermogenesis of brown fat.

Effect of feeding bypass fat on production, reproduction, feed and economic efficiency of dairy cows

The dairy cows experience negative energy balance during early lactation and feeding Bypass fat in ration can produce higher milk yield, improved reproduction with better economics. An experiment was planned to evaluate feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented with Bypass fat @ 100 g/day to dairy animals for -21 to 120 days of calving. Total sixteen animals were divided to control and Bypass fat group having eight animals in each. The effect on production, reproduction and economics was evaluated for 21 biweekly periods and for 300 days of lactation. The feeding total mix ration (TMR) supplemented with 100g/day Bypass fat (98%; -21 to 120 days of calving) was resulted in daily 1.19 kg higher (p=0.050) residual whole milk, 1.21 kg daily higher (p=0.048) residual 4% FCM yield whereas improvement in whole milk, 4% fat corrected milk yield and milking days (25 days) was numerical for period of 1-21 bi-week period. An intake of dry matter and nutrient was non-significant between the groups. The better feed conversion ratio (kg/kg milk) in terms of dry matter (1.581±0.11 vs. 2.330±0.39; p=0.048) and total digestible nutrients (0.846±0.06 vs. 1.300±0.21 kg; p=0.046), improved reproduction in terms of Artificial insemination (AI)/conception (1.857±0.14 vs. 2.286±0.18; p=0.008) and service period (113.13±20.73 vs. 177.38±20.92 days; p=0.014) and better feed cost to milk income ratio (1:1.93 vs. 1:1.63) in lactating cows during standard lactation. The lower loss of body condition score of bypass fat group cows after calving resulted in better milk yield and reproduction of dairy cows.

Effect of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L.) supplementation in the abdominal adipose tissues and body weight of male Wistar rats undergoing exercise training

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) while undergoing exercise training. The rats were assigned to four groups: standard diet and sedentary (SDS), high-fat diet and sedentary (HFDS), high-fat diet and training (HFDT), and high-fat diet, training, and safflower oil (HFDTSO) groups. HFD significantly increased the abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats. The safflower oil had no effect on the body weight and levels of blood glucose, TG, and TC, but it significantly reduced abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with an HFD while undergoing exercise training. Safflower oil supplementation reduced the abdominal fat in rats undergoing swimming training.

High intensity interval training and Eryngium billardieri extract consumption on MMP-2 gene expression of visceral fat in rats with metabolic syndrome

High intensity interval training and Eryngium billardieri extract consumption on MMP-2 gene expression of visceral fat in rats with metabolic syndrome

Blood-Glucose Levels of Rats Given High-Fat Diets after Administration of Neem Leaf Ethanolic Extract

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is a medicinal plant that contains antioxidants, antihyperlipidemia, and has antidiabetic activity. This research aimed to examine the effect of neem leaf ethanolic extract on blood glucose levels of white rats given high-fat rations. The male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) with two months of age were used. The treatment of test animals consisted of six treatment groups and four replications, namely: the control group (P0); given high fat rations + duck egg yolk 2.5 ml/200gBW (P1); given high-fat rations + 8 mg/200gBW simvastatin (P2); and P1+ the dose of neem leaf ethanolic extract of 75; 100; and 125 mg/200gBW (P3; P4; and P5). Blood-glucose levels were analyzed by colorimetric enzymatic method using Roche Diagnostics Cobas C reagents kits. Blood-glucose level was determined using Roche / Hitachi cobas c systems automatically. Homogeneous and normally distributed data of blood-glucose levels, body weight and feed consumption were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test with a significance level of 5% using SPSS 16.0 software. The results indicated that giving the neem leaf ethanolic extract of could reduce the blood glucose levels. In this study, it was concluded that the neem leaf ethanolic extract of could potentially be used as an alternative to cure diabetes mellitus.

Oral Administration of Red Rice (Oryza nivara) Bran Extract Reduced Weight, Visceral Fat And Liver Steatosis Amount in Obesity Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity. Red rice (Oryza nivara) bran is known to contain polyphenol and antioxidants that might be potential in reducing body weight and visceral fat in obese mice and preventing liver steatosis. This study was aimed to prove the effect of oral administration of red rice bran (Oryza nivara) extract on body weight, visceral fat, and liver steatosis amount in obese male Wistar rats. &#x0D; Method: In this research, the subjects were 36 male obese (Lee index &gt; 0.3) white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, 4-5 months old, divided into two groups. The control group received a placebo and the treatment group received 460mg/200gram red rice bran extract for 5-weeks. Bodyweight, visceral fat, and the amount of liver steatosis were observed. Differences between groups in each variable were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: The weight of the control group and the treatment group was 321.17 ± 19.04 grams and 305.72 ± 12.89 grams (p &lt; 0.05). The visceral fat weight was 3.15 ± 0.34 grams in the control group and 2.99 ± 0.34 grams (p &gt; 0.05) in the treatment group. Liver steatosis amount was 41 ± 18 cells per visual field in the control group, and 21 ± 12 (p &lt; 0.05) in the treatment group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Oral administration of red rice bran extract can reduce body weight and liver steatosis amount in obese Wistar rats. The extract of red rice bran did not have a significant effect in reducing visceral fat.

Rodent Models of Spondyloarthritis Have Decreased White and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Depots.

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has recently been recognized as a distinct fat depot with endocrine functions. However, if and how it is regulated by chronic inflammation remains unknown. Here, we investigate the amount of white fat and BMAT in HLA-B27 transgenic rats and curdlan-challenged SKG mice, two well-established models of chronic inflammatory spondyloarthritis (SpA). Subcutaneous and gonadal white adipose tissue and BMAT was reduced by 65-70% and by up to 90% in both experimental models. Consistently, B27 rats had a 2-3-fold decrease in the serum concentrations of the adipocyte-derived cytokines adiponectin and leptin as well as a 2-fold lower concentration of triglycerides. The bone marrow of B27 rats was further characterized by higher numbers of neutrophils, lower numbers of erythroblast precursors, and higher numbers of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells. IL-17 concentration was also increased in the serum of B27 rats. Using a cell culture model, we show that high levels of IL-17 in the serum of B27 rats negatively impacted adipogenesis (-76%), an effect that was reversed in the presence of neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibody. In summary, these findings show BMAT is severely reduced in two experimental models of chronic inflammatory SpA and suggest that IL-17 is involved in this process.

Administration of ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) stem decreased reactive oxygen species, visceral fat and body weight of obese rats

Background: Oxidative stress plays a role in the obesity mechanism, thus leads to premature aging. High antioxidant capacity in Bajakah tampala stem may effectively lessen oxidative stress and reduce fat mass and body weight accordingly. This study aimed to provide Bajakah tampala stem extract's effect in lowering ROS level, visceral fat weight, and overall weight of obese male Wistar rats.&#x0D; Method: A true experimental design was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with obesity. Thirty-two obese rats were evenly divided into a placebo group and a group given Bajakah tampala stem extract, with 16 rats in each group. For 28 days, both groups were fed a high-fat diet. The subject body weights were weighed every week. ROS levels and visceral fat weight were evaluated after the intervention was done. Comparative analysis between groups was performed.&#x0D; Results: The results showed mean levels of ROS (56.2 ± 7.4 U/ml vs. 400.9 ± 50.7 U/ml; p &lt; 0.001), visceral fat weight (2.6 ± 0.2 g vs. 3.4 ± 0.9 g; p &lt; 0.001), and the final body weight (241.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 261.5 ± 13.8 g; p &lt; 0.001) were significantly lower in the study group than the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study indicates Bajakah tampala stem extract administration effectively reduced ROS levels, visceral fat weight, and body weight in obese male Wistar rats.

Detection of Animal Fat Mixtures in Meatballs Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Spectroscopy)

Detection of animal mixtures in meatballs by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy) has been studied. This research aims to study the different markers of fat characters in meatballs containing the mixture of chicken fat, lard and rat fat. Sample preparation used Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane solvent and distillation of fat from the solvent. The extraction temperature is 70°C with solvent volume 200 mL. Fat samples were prepared by varying the ratio of 100% chicken fat concentration which corresponds to 1%, 10%, and 20% lard, and 1%, 10%, and 20% rat fat. The meatballs were made with a composition of 0%, 5% and 90% rat meat. The result of FTIR interpretation shows that the increasing concentration of the mixture of lard and rat fat have increased the absorption at wave numbers of 3371 cm-1, 3332 cm-1, 2337 cm-1, and 1743 cm-1. The FTIR spectrum is interpreted based on the uptake of typical functional groups of animal fats. The characteristics of animal fat properties can be distinguished by consistent results using infrared spectroscopy.

Differential effects of citalopram on the intake of high fat or high carbohydrates diets in female and male rats

ABSTRACT Chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), usually prescribed as antidepressants, decreases total energy intake; however, at present the differential effect on the intake of distinct macronutrients and on female vs. male organisms is not clear. On this basis, female and male adult Wistar rats were exposed to two types of diets: (1) a standard balanced diet (BD); or (2) two types of diets simultaneously, (a) one high in carbohydrates (HC); the other (b) high in fat (HF). Both study groups were given a dose of 10 mg/kg/day i.p. of citalopram or a vehicle for 21 days. Food and water consumption and body weight were recorded daily at baseline (BL), during treatment (TX), and post-treatment (PTx1-PTx2). The male rats exposed to BD reduced total energy consumption during treatment with citalopram, but body weight gain decreased both females and males compared to BL. During exposure to the two types of diets, citalopram treatment reduced fat consumption with respect to BL and PTx1 only in the male group. This group also decreased its total energy consumption during TX compared to PTx1. Finally, the females gained less body weight in TX than PTx1, while weight gain in the males during TX decreased with respect to BL and PTx1. Results show a differential effect of citalopram on females vs. males that was dependent on the type of macronutrient administered.

Acute and subacute toxicity study of the methanolic extract ofolea europea.Lleaves in Wistar rat

Olea europea.L(olive tree) is a plant widely used in the world. Its leaves have an extensive use in traditional herbal medicine to prevent and/or treat several diseases especially in Mediterranean regions. Despite this, research into the study of its toxicity is very limited in the literature. For this, this study aims to study the acute and subacute toxicity of methanolic extract olive leaves in Wistar rats. To study acute toxicity, four dose levels (50,300,2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight) were tested by single oral administration to Wistar rats. The subacute toxicity for 28 days was conducted by daily oral administration of methanolic extract of olive leaves at doses 1000,2000 and 3000 mg/kg in rats Wistar. After fourteen days of the administration of escalating doses, no deaths were recorded in the animals and no clinically detectable signs were observed. The results of subacute toxicity showed that the body weight of rats was not significantly changed by administration of methanolic extract of olive leaves. Monitoring of the behavior of the rats during the study showed the appearance of some manifestations of tremor, agitation and diarrhea in rats treated with the dose of 3000mg/kg. Grosse examination of the kidneys and liver revealed no changes in those organs and histopathological examination showed congestion and inflammation of the fat in rats treated with the dose of 3000mg/kg. the hematological profile showed no significant changes of the measured hematological parameters. Olive leaves should be used with care and caution since its methanolic extract caused some signs of toxicity and may affect the liver at repeated dose. however, more studies are needed to verify and clarify the toxic aspect ofolea europea.Lleaves.