Fast Extraction Method Research Articles

Rapid and selective extraction of multiple sulfonamides from aqueous samples based on Fe3O4–chitosan molecularly imprinted polymers

A highly selective MIP-MDSPE/HPLC method for fast extraction and determination of seven SAs.

A method for fast genomic DNA extraction from saliva and its application

Objective To explore a fast,effective and noninvasive method of genomic DNA extraction.Methods We compared the genomic DNAs extracted by two DNA extraction methods of potassium iodide(KI) and Kit from saliva(fresh and placed a week at room temperature),and PCR amplifications were done for TP53 and PRB-3 genes from their extracted DNA.Ninety-nine healthy children and adults were recruited and their saliva samples were collected to detect the stability of DNA extracted by KI.Results High quality genomic DNAs were extracted by both methods from the fresh saliva.The DNA yield based on KI was(1.91 ± 0.15) μg,with the D260/ D280 being 1.99 ± 0.05,and that of Kit was(2.64 ± 0.34) μg,with the D260/ D280 being 1.81 ± 0.02.Although the extracted DNAs had obvious degradation from saliva samples placed for a week at room temperature,the expectant DNA fragments were successfully amplified by PCR for TP53 and PRB-3 genes using these extracted DNAs.Although the genomic DNAs from saliva samples of 99 healthy volunteers by the method of KI showed individual difference(DNA yield was [1.89 ± 0.46] μg),the DNA quality was stable and reliable(D260/ D280 was 1.96 ± 0.10).Conclusion KI method for extracting genomic DNA from saliva is not only cheap and highly effective,but also noninvasive,making it suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.

Affine invariant compact centroid distance shape descriptor for image retrieval

Simple and fast feature extraction methods are in need today for Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and object recognition applications. The work presented in this paper is contour based one dimensional shape feature extraction technique for closed contour objects. The continuous contour is normalized into ‘N’ representative points. The sector area based object area normalization (OAN) technique is used for contour normalization. The centroid distance from all normalized points forms 1-D Compact Centroid Distance (CCD) feature vector. The experiments are conducted in MPEG-7 CE Shape-1 Part-B dataset images to test affine invariance property and image retrieval accuracy. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in content-based image retrieval tasks.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting insect resistant and herbicide tolerant transgenes: Monitoring for GM contamination in supply chain

Efficient detection strategies for genetically modified (GM) crops are required to effectively address some of the biosafety and post-release monitoring issues, as global adoption of GM crops has been unprecedently increased. Herbicide tolerance and insecticide resistance are the major traits in commercialized GM food crops. Visual as well as real-time detection system based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting lepidopteron insect resistant cry1Ac, cry2Ab2 and glyphosate tolerant cp4-epsps genes has been reported. Specificity of LAMP assays were confirmed using fourteen GM events of four crops, namely, corn (MON810, NK603, Bt11, Bt176, MON89034), cotton (MON531, MON15985, GFM-cry1A, Event1, MLS9124, MON1445, MON15985 × MON88913), eggplant (EE1) and soybean (GTS40-3-2). Real-time LAMP was found sensitive enough to detect as low as 2 copies for cry1Ac and 4 copies for cry2Ab2 and cp4-epsps within 35 min using a calibration curve. The limit of detection (LOD) of visual LAMP assays was down to 0.01% (4 copies of GM content) which is lower than conventional PCR (detecting 40–400 copies depending on target). LAMP assays are faster and more user-friendly than conventional PCR and could be efficiently utilized for monitoring of GM contamination in food and feed supply chain, with high specificity and sensitivity. The developed assays, when combined with a fast DNA extraction method, will facilitate on-site detection to check the GM status of a sample or product at ports of entry and in farmers' fields.

Analysis of volatiles in Dezhou Braised Chicken by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/high resolution-time of flight mass spectrometry

A fast and mild extraction method and an accurate identification method to analyze the volatiles in non-volatile food matrices were set up. The accelerated solvent extraction followed by solvent assisted flavor evaporation (ASE-SAFE) was used to extract the volatiles from Dezhou braised chicken. The extract was analyzed by a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/high resolution-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/HR-TOFMS) and a GC-qMS. Ninety one compounds were identified by GC × GC/HR-TOFMS with an aid of the NIST08 library and accurate mass determination, 44 compounds were identified by GC-qMS only with the NIST08 library. The main odor-active constitutes of the Dezhou braised chicken were carbonyl compounds (33.04%). 2-Enals and 2,4-dineals were considered to be the most important odor-active constitutes in chicken. In our study, 6 very polar and unstable 2-enals or 2,4-dineals compounds, including (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (Z)-2-decenal, (E)-2-undecenal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, were only identified by GC × GC/HR-TOFMS. Three very polar and unstable furanones, including 5-acetyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone (0.04%), dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone (0.32%) and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (0.32%) were also only detected by the GC × GC/HR-TOFMS. Some trace sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds, including disulfide dipropyl (0.05%), 2-acetylthiazole (0.06%), 2-pyrrolidinone (0.15%) and benzothiazole (0.07%) that might play important roles in the flavor of chicken, were also only found by the GC × GC/HR-TOFMS.

Development of a fast extraction method and optimization of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of phenolic compounds in lentil seed coats.

A systematic set of optimization experiments was conducted to design an efficient extraction and analysis protocol for screening six different sub-classes of phenolic compounds in the seed coat of various lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes. Different compounds from anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones, and flavonols sub-classes were first optimized for use as standards for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with UV detection. The effect of maceration duration, reconstitution solvent, and extraction solvent were investigated using lentil genotype CDC Maxim. Chromatographic conditions were optimized by examining column separation efficiencies, organic composition, and solvent gradient. The results showed that a 1h maceration step was sufficient and that non-acidified solvents were more appropriate; a 70:30 acetone: water (v/v) solvent was ultimately selected. Using a Kinetex PFP column, the organic concentration, gradient, and flow rate were optimized to maximize the resolution of phenolic compounds in a short 30-min analysis time. The optimized method was applied to three lentil genotypes with different phenolic compound profiles to provide information of value to breeding programs.

Fast Swinnex filtration (FSF): a fast and robust sampling and extraction method suitable for metabolomics analysis of cultures grown in complex media

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) provides a powerful means to analyze intracellular metabolism. A prerequisite to accurate metabolomics analysis using LC–MS/MS is a robust sampling and extraction protocol. One unaddressed area in sampling is a detailed examination of a suitable method for anaerobic cultures grown in complex media. Given that a vast majority of bacteria are facultative or obligate anaerobes that grow to low biomass density and need to be cultured in complex media, a suitable sampling and extraction strategy for anaerobic cultures is needed. In this work, we develop a fast-filtration method using pressure-driven Swinnex® filters. We show that the method is fast enough to provide an accurate snapshot of intracellular metabolism, reduces matrix interference from the media to improve the number of compounds that can be detected, and is applicable to anaerobic and aerobic liquid cultures grown in a variety of culturing systems. Furthermore, we apply the fast filtration method to investigate differences in the absolute intracellular metabolite levels of anaerobic cultures grown in minimal and complex media.

A fast and efficient method for total DNA extraction from soil filamentous fungi

espanolLa extraccion de ADN de alta calidad de hongos puede ser afectada debido a la presencia de una pared celular compleja, alto contenido de polisacaridos o metabolitos secundarios. En esta investigacion se adapto un simple metodo de extraccion y purificacion de ADN de hongos filamentosos aislados del suelo, para aplicaciones tipo Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). La metodologia descrita es rapida y de bajo costo. EnglishExtraction of high quality of DNA from fungus can be affected because the presence of the complex cell wall, high content of polysaccharides or secondary metabolites. In this research, we adapt a simple method of DNA extraction and purification of from fungus isolated from soil for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applications. The methodology described is both rapid and cost effective.

NCC-RANSAC: a fast plane extraction method for 3-D range data segmentation.

This paper presents a new plane extraction (PE) method based on the random sample consensus (RANSAC) approach. The generic RANSAC-based PE algorithm may over-extract a plane, and it may fail in case of a multistep scene where the RANSAC procedure results in multiple inlier patches that form a slant plane straddling the steps. The CC-RANSAC PE algorithm successfully overcomes the latter limitation if the inlier patches are separate. However, it fails if the inlier patches are connected. A typical scenario is a stairway with a stair wall where the RANSAC plane-fitting procedure results in inliers patches in the tread, riser, and stair wall planes. They connect together and form a plane. The proposed method, called normal-coherence CC-RANSAC (NCC-RANSAC), performs a normal coherence check to all data points of the inlier patches and removes the data points whose normal directions are contradictory to that of the fitted plane. This process results in separate inlier patches, each of which is treated as a candidate plane. A recursive plane clustering process is then executed to grow each of the candidate planes until all planes are extracted in their entireties. The RANSAC plane-fitting and the recursive plane clustering processes are repeated until no more planes are found. A probabilistic model is introduced to predict the success probability of the NCC-RANSAC algorithm and validated with real data of a 3-D time-of-flight camera-SwissRanger SR4000. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method extracts more accurate planes with less computational time than the existing RANSAC-based methods.

Fast targeted analysis of 132 acidic and neutral drugs and poisons in whole blood using LC–MS/MS

The aim of this study was to develop an LC–MS/MS based screening technique that covers a broad range of acidic and neutral drugs and poisons by combining a small sample volume and efficient extraction technique with simple automated data processing. After protein precipitation of 100μL of whole blood, 132 common acidic and neutral drugs and poisons including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, antidiabetics, muscle relaxants, diuretics and superwarfarin rodenticides (47 quantitated, 85 reported as detected) were separated using a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system with a C18 separation column (Kinetex XB-C18, 4.6mm×150mm, 5μm), using gradient elution with a mobile phase of 25mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.5)/acetonitrile. The drugs were detected using an ABSciex® API 2000 LC–MS/MS system (ESI+ and −, MRM mode, two transitions per analyte). The method was fully validated in accordance with international guidelines. Quantification data obtained using one-point calibration compared favorably to that using multiple calibrants. The presented LC–MS/MS assay has proven to be applicable for determination of the analytes in blood. The fast and reliable extraction method combined with automated processing gives the opportunity for high throughput and fast turnaround times for forensic and clinical toxicology.

A new fast method for earthquake-triggered secondary geological hazard information extraction from high-resolution remote sensing imagery

Earthquake-triggered secondary geological hazards usually significantly augment the destruction caused by an earthquake due to their rapid impact, long duration and high repeatability. Seismic disaster losses are often exacerbated and can cause substantial difficulties for rescue, relief and post-disaster reconstruction. The quick acquisition of disaster information is important to aid relief efforts in the 72 critical hours after an earthquake occurs. Currently, computer-aided interpretation of remotely sensed imagery of a single time phase plays a central role in information extraction for geological hazards, whereas automated interpretation is relatively limited. Because high-resolution remotely sensed imagery is rich in textures and spatial details of the imaged objects, such as their size, shape and neighborhood relationship, geologic hazard investigations employing such imagery can offer more accurate results. In this paper, a rapid method for earthquake-triggered secondary geological hazard information extraction from high-resolution remotely sensed imagery is proposed and is demonstrated to be a fast and automatic method that uses multiple image features of a hazard.

Development of a simple and fast ultrasound-assisted extraction method for trace element determination in tobacco samples using ICP-MS

The current study describes a simple and fast method for the determination of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb in tobacco samples. Commercial cigarettes obtained from local market stores were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after ultrasound-assisted extraction in acidic medium, and the results were compared to those obtained following microwave-assisted digestion of the samples. The sonication time was evaluated from 0 to 60 min, and a 30 min extraction time was selected. The concentration of HNO3 was also optimised at 0.7 mol L−1. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, a certified reference material was submitted to the same extraction protocol adopted for the samples, and good agreement with the certified values was obtained at a 95% confidence level, except for Co. The extraction of Pb was also semi-quantitative. A total of four tobacco samples were analysed, with concentrations ranging from 0.4 for Cr to 214.6 µg g−1 for Mn. The proposed method was demonstrated to be fast, sensitive, precise and accurate for the determination of Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn an Ni and for the semi-quantitative analysis of Co and Pb in tobacco samples.

Midsagittal plane extraction from brain images based on 3D SIFT

Midsagittal plane (MSP) extraction from 3D brain images is considered as a promising technique for human brain symmetry analysis. In this paper, we present a fast and robust MSP extraction method based on 3D scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT). Unlike the existing brain MSP extraction methods, which mainly rely on the gray similarity, 3D edge registration or parameterized surface matching to determine the fissure plane, our proposed method is based on distinctive 3D SIFT features, in which the fissure plane is determined by parallel 3D SIFT matching and iterative least-median of squares plane regression. By considering the relative scales, orientations and flipped descriptors between two 3D SIFT features, we propose a novel metric to measure the symmetry magnitude for 3D SIFT features. By clustering and indexing the extracted SIFT features using a k-dimensional tree (KD-tree) implemented on graphics processing units, we can match multiple pairs of 3D SIFT features in parallel and solve the optimal MSP on-the-fly. The proposed method is evaluated by synthetic and in vivo datasets, of normal and pathological cases, and validated by comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrated that our method has achieved a real-time performance with better accuracy yielding an average yaw angle error below 0.91° and an average roll angle error no more than 0.89°.

A Fast Extraction Method of Water Boundary Based on the Landsat Tm Image

The extraction of water boundary is the basis for measurement of the watershed area and the extraction of other water parameters, which has an important impact on calculation accuracy of hydrological analysis. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, the extraction of water system and basin boundary is getting more and more importance and the extraction methods have also made a new progress. This paper takes the acquisitive TM image of Dianchi Lake of 1992. Firstly the image is enhanced by Tassled Cap Transformation, and then band ratio (b3/b1). By setting appropriate threshold to the enhanced image, we can extract the water boundary more quickly and effectively, and have achieved good results.

A Fast Extraction Method of Water Boundary Based on the Landsat TM Image

The extraction of water boundary is the basis for measurement of the watershed area and the extraction of other water parameters, which has an important impact on calculation accuracy of hydrological analysis. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, the extraction of water system and basin boundary is getting more and more importance and the extraction methods have also made a new progress. This paper takes the acquisitive TM image of Dianchi Lake of 1992. Firstly the image is enhanced by Tassled Cap Transformation, and then band ratio (b3/b1). By setting appropriate threshold to the enhanced image, we can extract the water boundary more quickly and effectively, and have achieved good results.

Rapid and simple extraction of lipids from blood plasma and urine for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and fast lipid extraction method from human blood plasma and urine is introduced in this study. The effective lipid extraction from biological systems with a minimization of the matrix effect is important for the successful qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The method described here is based on the modification of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method, which was originally developed for pesticide residue analysis in food, for the purpose of isolating lipids from biological fluids. Applicability of QuEChERS method for lipids was evaluated by varying organic solvents for the extraction/partitioning of lipids in MgSO4/CH3COONa for the removal of water and by varying sorbents (primary secondary amines, graphitized carbon black, silica, strong anion exchange resins and C18 particles) for the dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) step. This study shows that 2:1 (v/v) CHCl3/CH3OH is effective in the extraction/partitioning step and that 50mg of C18 particles (for 0.1mL plasma and 1mL of urine) are more suitable for sample cleanup for the dSPE step of the QuEChERS method. Matrix effects were calculated by comparing the recovery values of lipid standards spiked to both plasma and urine samples after extraction with those of the same standards in a neat solution using nanoflow LC-ESI-MS/MS, resulting in improved MS signals due to the decrease of the ion suppression compared to the conventional Folch method. The modified QuEChERS method was applied to lipid extracts from both human urine and plasma samples, demonstrating that it can be powerfully utilized for high-speed (<15min) preparation of lipids compared to the Folch method, with equivalent or slightly improved results in lipid identification using nLC-ESI-MS/MS.

Magnetic imprinted surface enhanced Raman scattering (MI-SERS) based ultrasensitive detection of ciprofloxacin from a mixed sample

A new method for fast extraction and ultra-sensitive detection of ciprofloxacin based on magnetic imprinted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (MI-SERS) has been developed in this paper. This method is a combination of three techniques, which are a magnetic separation technique, a molecular imprinting technique and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique. We designed and fabricated core–shell structured magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which can be applied to specifically recognise ciprofloxacin and extract it from a mixed system. The whole extraction and clean-up procedures are assisted by a magnetic field, which makes it much easier than traditional centrifugal separation. In addition to this, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was applied as the detection tool, which makes the detection limit for ciprofloxacin by this method as low as 10−9 mol L−1. Furthermore, we integrated these core–shelled magnetic-MIPs on a magnet chip and detected ciprofloxacin from fetal bovine serum. The whole detection process can be finished within ten minutes and the limit of detection by this chip can reach 10−7 mol L−1.

Compound Specific Extraction of Camptothecin fromNothapodytes nimmonianaand Piperine fromPiper nigrumUsing Accelerated Solvent Extractor

Effects of varying temperatures with constant pressure of solvent on extraction efficiency of two chemically different alkaloids were studied. Camptothecin (CPT) from stem of Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Grah.) Mabb. and piperine from the fruits of Piper nigrum L. were extracted using Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE). Three cycles of extraction for a particular sample cell at a given temperature assured complete extraction. CPT and piperine were determined and quantified by using a simple and efficient UFLC-PDA (245 and 343 nm) method. Temperature increased efficiency of extraction to yield higher amount of CPT, whereas temperature had diminutive effect on yield of piperine. Maximum yield for CPT was achieved at 80°C and for piperine at 40°C. Thus, the study determines compound specific extraction of CPT from N. nimmoniana and piperine from P. nigrum using ASE method. The present study indicates the use of this method for simple, fast, and accurate extraction of the compound of interest.

Further investigation of array capillary in-tube solid-phase microextraction of trace organic pollutants in water samples

Array capillary in-tube solid-phase microextraction (ACIT-SPME) was demonstrated to be a fast, reproducible and convenient extraction method for trace organic pollutants in water samples. In order to improve the extraction efficiency per unit of extraction time, ACIT-SPME cartridges with capillary tubes of different inner diameters (I.D.), from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm I.D., were fabricated and compared systematically for the extraction of chlorobenzenes (CBs) and nitrochlorobenzenes (NCBs). The results indicated that the ACIT-SPME cartridges with the largest bore diameter were more suitable for rapid extraction of analytes in abundant water samples, while the ACIT-SPME with the smallest bore diameter resulted in the highest absolute recovery. Thus, ACIT-SPME capillary tubes of 0.5 mm I.D. were applied in the rapid extraction of CBs and NCBs from environmental water. Parameters such as sample volume, extraction time, ionic strength, and thermal desorption conditions were investigated to obtain the optimal operation conditions. The extraction was completed in 1.5 min under gravity using 250 mL of water sample. The desorbed analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electron capture detection (ECD). A linear relationship between the peak areas and the concentrations of the analytes covered 2 orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9961 for all the compounds being studied. The detection limits were between 0.00041 and 0.047 μg L−1 with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of between 1.4% and 4.8%. The proposed method was applied in the extraction and determination of CBs and NCBs in real water samples. Relative recoveries and RSDs for the analysis of real water samples were 87.1–116% and 1.8–9.4%, respectively. These results further proved that ACIT-SPME could be applied as a routine sample preparation method for water analysis both in the field and in the lab .

Dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction based on an ionic liquid ferrofluid

A novel, fast and efficient ionic liquid-based dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction (IL-D-SPE) method was developed and applied for preconcentration of Cd(ii) (as a model analyte) from aqueous solutions as a prior step to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).