Farms In Ukraine Research Articles

VARIABILITY AND INHERITANCE OF FAT MILK IN SIMMENTAL COWS

The aim of the research was to analyze the influence of Simmental breed on the quality of cow's milk in farms of Ukraine, mainly in Kharkiv region. The research was performed on the basis of breeding records in agricultural farms with Simmental cows. According to the results of research, the fat content in the milk was higher in the crossbreed cows in comparison to purebred Simmentals cows S1/4+ H1/4+М1/2 (4.0%), and S1/4+H1/4+А1/2 (4.0%), S1/4+М3/4 (4.0%), S1/4+М1/4+А1/2 (3.9%), S1/4+А1/4+H1/2 (3.9%), S1/4+А1/4+М1/2 (3.9%), S1/4+А3/4 (3.9%). The highest yield of milk fat was observed in the following genetic groups: S1/4+H1/4+А1/2 (σ=58.0 k), S1/4+М1/4+А1/2 (σ=56.0 kg). The influence of Simmental crossbreeds has a significant effect (P>0.999) on the fat content in cow’s milk (η2 = 0.029) and on the yield of milk fat (η2 = 0.049) with a high degree of reliability (P> 0.999).

Effect of PhytoHelp and MycoHelp biopreparations on the soil microbiotes for soybean growing (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Ukraine ranks the second (out of 123 countries) in the exports of organic products to the EU according to the study of the organic market in 2019 conducted by the Information Center Green Dossier (OrganicInfo.ua), Organic Standard and the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL). The official statistical reviews of IFOAM confirm that in 2018 there were about 510 organic farms in Ukraine, and the total area of the agricultural land on which the organic production is carried out was 429,100 hectares. Among the producers of organic products, more than 4.6% are involved in growing of the legumes. It should be noted that one of the main crops of the Fabaceae family grown in Ukraine is soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In recent years, there has been a significant increase in sown areas and soybean production, and the issue of its organic production is relevant. The aim of our research was to determine the effect of biological products based on bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter and Enterococcus, on the main physiological groups of soil microorganisms in the cultivation of soybean plants. The research was conducted at the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the Department of Agrobioresources and Ecologically Safe Technologies in the laboratory and vegetative conditions. The soybean seeds of the Suzir’ya cultivar (selected by the National Research Center of the Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS) and Kent cultivar (selected by SAATBAULINZ, Austria) were treated with biological products produced by BTU Center: Phytocide (Bacillus subtilis, cell titer 1–4·109 CFU) cm3), PhytoHelp (B. subtilis — cell titer not less than 4·109 CFU) cm3), MycoHelp (B. subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter and Enterococcus) according to the recommended doses. The methods prescribed in State Standard 7847:2015 was used to determine of the soil microorganisms and their associations. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel software package. The peculiarities of the influence of biological products based on bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter and Enterococcus on the main physiological groups of soil microorganisms in the cultivation of soybean plants it has been demonstrate. It has been established that in the soybean and Kent soybean agrocenosis, MycoHelp and PhytoHelp biological products effect on the main ecological and trophic groups of soil microbiome, thereby increasing soil microbiological activity; significantly intensify the development of microorganisms that use mainly organic nitrogen compounds (in the system Kent variety — biological product MycoHelp this figure increased in 3.3 times, and at the variety Constellation — biological product PhytoHelp — in 5.3 — 18.8 times compared to the reference and control options, respectively). Root exometabolites of soybean varieties determine the nature and intensity of the impact of microorganisms on plants and lead to changes in the structure of microbial groups of the rhizosphere. In the system soybean variety Kent — biological product PhytoHelp the number of oligonitrophilic bacteria is significantly reduced (by 48.7%), and in the system — soybean variety Constellation — biological products both PhytoHelp and MycoHelp — remains unchanged. By optimizing the functioning of the system, after treatment of seeds with biological products, in the soil, in the system of soybean plants of the Kent variety, the number of inactive spore forms is reduced by 2.9–5.0 times, compared to the control; the processes of organic matter destruction are weakened and its synthesis is intensified in accordance with the values of the coefficients of oligotrophic, mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen and pedotrophic. It is proved that the use of biological products MycoHelp and PhytoHelp increases the efficiency of the plant system soybean — biological products.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEMP PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of the hemp industry in Ukraine. It has been established that the cultivation of technical hemp is a promising niche and can become a springboard that will ensure a successful start for the development of small and medium-sized farms in Ukraine. The comparison of key indicators with leading countries in the production of hemp products is given. Leaders in the production of hemp products are: China, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, countries of Asia and Latin America. Methodical and practical recommendations have been developed regarding the organizational and economic foundations of the development of hemp production in Ukraine. The main problems of the hemp growing industry are identified, the ways to solve them are given, as well as the consequences of the proposed measures. The main problems include: establishment of licensing requirements for technical hemp as an agricultural crop equivalent to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; excessive regulation and control by law enforcement agencies of economic activity related to technical hemp; the maximum permissible level of THC in technical hemp; availability of technical hemp crop quotas; excessive state control during the destruction of the remains of technical hemp; irregularity of economic activity and circulation of technical hemp, in particular, products of their processing, etc. The following ways are proposed for the development of the production of hemp products in Ukraine: elimination of excessive control by law enforcement agencies over economic activities related to the circulation of technical hemp; abolition of state control over circulation, including destruction of the remains of industrial hemp; cancellation of the quota of industrial hemp crops; removal of technical hemp from the general regulation on narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors; simplification of conditions for licensing the production of cannabis products; raising the maximum permissible level of THC in technical hemp to at least 0.2%; determination at the legislative level of the types of activities for the cultivation of technical hemp, fixing the appropriate СTEA code, as well as the determination of UCGEEA codes for all types of goods and products based on technical hemp. Keywords: hemp cultivation, technical hemp, niche crops, efficiency, organizational and economic principles of development.

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ ПЛАНУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article investigates theoretical approaches to the essence of strategic planning, its significance, principles, problems of implementation in the farms of Ukraine, approaches to the algorithm of strategic plan development. Based on the comparative characteristics of strategic and operational planning, their differences are highlighted, the advantages of strategic planning and obstacles that hinder the full implementation of this process in Ukraine, while overcoming these obstacles will allow agricultural enterprises to develop a plan and implement marketing strategies. Strategic planning is a derivative of strategic management and therefore involves the development of a number of strategic decisions. Of course, in order to make a plan, it is necessary to proceed from the economic condition of the enterprise, its potential opportunities, problems. Marketing planning involves setting goals, developing and implementing an organization’s program, and having a monitoring and control mechanism in place to determine whether the planned program is being implemented or whether it has achieved the desired goals. Marketing planning is divided into strategic planning and operational planning, and plans can be classified by time and complexity. The article investigates theoretical approaches to the essence of strategic planning, its significance, principles, problems of implementation in the farms of Ukraine, approaches to the algorithm of strategic plan development. Based on the comparative characteristics of strategic and operational planning, their differences are highlighted, the advantages of strategic planning and obstacles that hinder the full implementation of this process in Ukraine, while overcoming these obstacles will allow agricultural enterprises to develop a plan and implement marketing strategies. Strategic planning is a derivative of strategic management and therefore involves the development of a number of strategic decisions. The marketing management process and the planning process must be integrated into an integrated marketing system. Starting with focusing on your goals, you can guarantee the creation of a marketing strategy and plan for marketing subsystems: information, logistics, planning, controlling.

Current station and trends in the development of pig breeding in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the topic of pig farming in Ukraine, import and export of products, various statistical data on the products of countries with which Ukraine cooperates are presented. The topic of developing the potential of pig farming in general was developed. The topic of ASF and its consequences is revealed. Comments from various analysts are provided. Graphs, charts and tables are presented on the export and import of pork, there are clarifications on specific cooperating countries. Information is provided regarding rational investment in pig farming, its prospects; numbers that predict investment status. Ukraine has the material and technical grounds for the development of pig farming and maintaining a sufficiently high level of this industry in the country, even during martial law. It is even possible to develop a program of more profitable activities in this area. It is advisable to attract foreign investments for the organization of operation. We believe that it is necessary to develop a program, the goal of which will be the availability of pork for all segments of the population of Ukraine in the trade network. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to change the vector of international trade activity — to reduce the export of grain and increase the export of pork. Also, identify such an export niche that will ensure more efficient activity of pig farms. JEL Classification: А10, R11, R20

Agriculture Digitalisation as an Economic Growth Indicator (A Comparison of Private Farms in Ukraine and Germany)

Agriculture Digitalisation as an Economic Growth Indicator (A Comparison of Private Farms in Ukraine and Germany)

RIMERELIOSIS OF BIRDS: EPISOTHOLOGICAL DATA, ILLUSTRATION OF FIELD ISOLATES PATHOGEN ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE AND STUDY OF THEIR BIOLOGICAL

According to the literature, in countries with developed duck breeding and goose breeding Riemerella anatipestifer – a pathogen that can cause the death of 60-75% of young waterfowl 1-8 weeks of age – creates considerable problems in recent years. This infection is not controlled in Ukraine. The extent of the pathogen in Ukraine needs to be studied, as well as the study of its biological features. The aim of our work is to highlight field isolates of the pathogen riemerellosis and to study their biological properties. Epizootological examination was conducted in three farms among goslings and ducklings 2-6 weeks of age. There were clinical signs characterized by nervous disorders, ataxia, edema of subcutaneous tissue around the mold joints, the presence of plaque around the anus. Among goslings, the death rate was 15%, ducklings – up to 30%. It was found that the disease was observed mainly in the breeding period (from February – till April). Most sick young animals aged 14 days to 2 months. In sick individuals, the development of caseous or fibrinous salpingitis, erosion of articular cartilage was noted. We have identified two isolates of bacteria of the genus Riemerella. Riemerel isolates had typical biochemical properties. According to the results, it was found that the most effective antibacterial agents against riemerel were: rifampicin, amoxiclav, amoxicillin, doxycycline, lincomycin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol. A method for diagnosing riemerelosis of waterfowl with the use of clinical, pathological, bacteriological studies has been developed. Prospects for further research consist in using the developed method for diagnosing riemerelosis of waterfowl based on clinical, pathological, bacteriological studies to monitor this infection of birds in poultry farms in Ukraine and determine the epizootic situation of this disease.

Geographical developmental specificities of aggregative resource potential of farm economies of Ukraine throughout 2011–2017

The study focuses on the analysis of geographical developmental specificities of the potential of Ukrainian farm economies over seven years period (2011–2017). We assessed the average annual cost estimate of interconnected labor, material, and land resources that form the aggregative potential for the development of farms in Ukraine. Labor, material, and land resources were assessed through the cost estimate (money value). The cost of a commodity is defined as social labor embodied in the same. The cost is measured by money. Hence, money estimates are labor estimates. Labor resources and the units of labor produced by an average annual farm employe were counted through the labor’s funds analog, that is, through the annual totality of employees’ wages divided by the normative coefficient of efficiency of capital investments. Agricultural machinery, i.e., tractors, combine harvesters, corn harvesters, forage harvesters, seeders, windrowers, etc., available on farms in 2011–2017, were the basis for the assessment of material resources (capital assets). Bringing non-recurring (capital) costs to a per-year basis (to be comparable with other resources) was carried out by way of counting percentages of the current production assets following their established efficiency standard (0.15). Estimation of land resources based on natural productivity of Ukrainian lands, that is, on crop capacity gained on condition that crop rotation, was observed. The range of works on the mechanical treatment of arable land was applied, and no fertilizers were added. The Ukrainian farms’ aggregative resource potential was presented as a sum of the potentials of labor, material, and land resources. According to our calculations, the aggregative potential throughout 2011–2017 was 52 019 million hryvnias, or 2 771 million euros.

Assessment of ecological conditions for growing the market-size fish in the Kantivka fattening pond (Khmelnychchyna, Ukraine)

Abiotic (water quality) and biotic (Phyto-, zooplankton and benthos) factors in the Kantivka fattening pond the Khmelnitskrybhosp Private Joint-Stock Company were studied during the vegetation seasons in 2020. The aquaculture objects in the pond are cyprinid fish species (carp, grass carp, silver carp, pike). The ecological conditions of the pond were evaluated as good enough for the fish fattening purpose. The critical water quality parameters were following traditional values accepted for fish farming in Ukraine. The taxonomic composition of plankton and benthos was represented by widespread and Ubiquiti species mainly. The 124 species and intraspecies taxa of microalgae and the 34 species of zooplankton were identified in the Kantivka fattening pond. The mean abundance and biomass for the phytoplankton were 183.8 million cells/dm3 and 35.61 mg/dm3, respectively; for zooplankton, those were as 336600 ind/m3 and 14.83 g/m3, and for zoobenthos, those values were as 309.6 ind/m2, and biomass as 5.84 g/m2. Such parameters of natural forage base correspond to the optimal values for natural fish food according to fish farming standards in Ukraine. In the late summer, the free-living copepod stages and mature adult females of the parasitic copepod crustacean Ergasilus sieboldi Nordmann were registered in plankton. This copepod causes the invasion of fish diseases like infection and destruction of gill arches, which leads to a severe disturbance in fish respiration, emaciation, delaying in growth, and the potential death of commercial fish even. The development of natural fish food in the Kantivka fattening pond is shown an intensive level of biomass and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos. It is considered sufficient to meet the natural nutritional needs (in combination with artificial feeding) for older age groups of the cultivated cyprinid fish species.

Economic Feasibility of Agricultural Biogas Production by Farms in Ukraine

Renewable energy generation in Ukraine is developing slower than state strategies and expectations, with the installations for energy generation based on biogas currently being among the lowest in terms of installed capacity. Most of those involved in energy generation from agricultural biogas are large enterprises, while the small and medium-sized farms are far less involved. Thus the article aims to assess the economic feasibility of biogas production from agricultural waste by specific farm types and sizes, with a special focus on small and medium-sized farms. The research results present findings in two dimensions, first defining the economic feasibility of biogas installations in Ukraine based on investment costs and the rate of return at both the current and potential feed-in tariff, and second, analyzing the influence of state regulation and support on the economic feasibility of agricultural biogas production in Ukraine. The results emphasize that the construction of small generation capacities does not provide sufficient funds under the current feed-in tariff to meet the simple return period expected by the domestic financing institutions. Except for the general support programs for agricultural activities, there are no support funds specifically for biogas producers, while there is tight competition with wind and solar energy due to diversified feed-in tariffs.

Protein-synthesizing, bile-forming, urea-forming and carbohydrate functions in cows with fatty degeneration of the liver

In dairy farms of Ukraine, where highly productive dairy cows are kept, liver lesions are often diagnosed in the postpartum period. Postmortem studies of the liver of cows that were forcibly slaughtered showed that in mostly animals were diagnosed with fatty degeneration of the liver. The main causes of fatty hepatosis were violations of the structure of rations, imbalance of feeding on essential nutrients and biologically active substances, low content of easily digestible carbohydrates and high protein content. The study was performed on cows aged 4–5 years with productivity for the previous lactation of 5.600–7.500 L of milk, in a winter-stall period of keeping, 2–3 weeks after calving. According to clinical and biochemical blood tests, two groups of cows were formed – 50 clinically healthy and 50 cows with fatty liver disease. In cows diagnosed with fatty liver degeneration, the disease was manifested by decreased productivity and fatness, loss of appetite, oppression, hypotony of the rumen, reticulum and omasum. In some cows, there was pain at the liver area, increasing boundaries of hepatic dullness, jaundice of the visible mucous membranes and sclera. The blood serum of all cows with fatty liver disease established a decrease in albumin content, indicating impaired protein synthesis function of the liver. In some cows, the content of total protein in the serum increased due to globulin fractions, mainly gamma globulins. The ratio between the content of albumins and globulins decreased, which indicates the development in the blood of sick animals dysproteinemia. The development of fatty infiltration of the liver caused an increase in the concentration of bile acids in the serum of all sick cows. This is due to reduced conjugation and excretion of cholates by affected hepatocytes from the bile capillaries. The formation, absorption, conjugation, and excretion of bilirubin in the bile is disturbed, which causes the accumulation of total and conjugated bilirubin in the serum of sick animals. The cholesterol content in the blood of cows decreased, caused a violation of the esterification of its esters by hepatocytes. The established changes in the content of bile acids, total and conjugated bilirubin, and cholesterol in the blood of sick cows indicate a violation of bile secretion, bile production, and cholestasis development. In some cows with fatty liver degeneration, urea formation function and carbohydrate function are impaired, leading to a decrease in blood urea content and glucose.

Індекс біологічної цінності м’яса курчат-бройлерів за експериментального випоювання антибіотику Даноксан-50

Індекс біологічної цінності м’яса курчат-бройлерів за експериментального випоювання антибіотику Даноксан-50

ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF PROFITABLE USE DAIRY GENETIC RESOURCES IN UKRAINE

The current situation in the dairy sector of Ukraine has become threatening to the economic security of the state. During the years of independence there was a significant reduction in the number of dairy herds (from 8.5 million to 1.7 million), the production structure of dairy cattle changed from mainly large-scale production (where 74% of cows were kept in agricultural enterprises in 1990) to small-scale one (when now 75% of cows are kept in households). Due to the systematic reduction of the dairy herd and the reduction of its own full-fledged fodder base because of the reorientation of the agricultural sector to more marginal crops, the gross production of raw milk and its receipt for industrial processing is reduced. On average, milk production in Ukraine decreases annually by 1.5%.
 The purpose of the article is to form scientific and methodological approaches to the profitable use of genetic resources of dairy farming in Ukraine in modern conditions. Research methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, classification), content analysis of scientific sources and legal documents, statistical, economic and mathematical.
 Research results. The situation in the industry is currently showing signs of a systemic crisis, when negative phenomena have spread to all levels of economic activity. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the industry to identify factors and reserves to increase the profitability of the use of genetic resources of dairy farming, which is proposed to be carried out in stages: 1) economic assessment of the effectiveness of the dairy industry at the macro level of economic activity (in the country, region); 2) at the meso level (by breed of genetic resources of livestock); 3) at the micro level (in economic entities (agricultural enterprise, peasant (farmer) economy, personal economy)).
 The use of genetic resources of dairy farming can be considered profitable when all the above parameters of efficiency are achieved at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels of economic activity. This comprehensive approach makes it possible to draw conclusions about the achievement of individual targets (production, economic, social, environmental, etc.) and the prerequisites for ensuring the sustainability of the dairy industry as a whole.
 Ensuring the sustainability of the industry as a production system requires a focus on key areas: management system, breeding work, technology of maintenance and feeding. The introduction of the achievements of modern selection science is especially noticeable in the system of measures to ensure profitable livestock farming. It is the parameters that describe the stable properties of the animal, characterize the genetically determined resource potential, which has a decisive influence on the implementation of all other types of resources involved in production (land, labor, intelligence, capital) and the degree of their payback. Therefore, an important area of state support for the profitability of the use of genetic resources of dairy farming should be the financial support of the national breeding system.
 Growth of milk production in a short time can be achieved in the largesale sector by increasing the number of dairy cows of specialized breeds with high genetic productivity potential, which is positive in terms of modern intensive technologies, economic efficiency, attractive investment.
 Conclusions. Ensuring the sustainable development of the industry in condition of livestock reduction requires a comprehensive analysis of its current state, which must be conducted at all levels of economic activity to identify factors and reserves to increase the profitability of the use of genetic resources of dairy cattle. The criteria for the effectiveness of the development of the dairy industry is the achievement of both individual parameters (production, economic, social, environmental, etc.) and its stability as a whole.
 In the system of measures to ensure the profitable use of genetic resources of dairy farming is important to implement the achievements of modern breeding science. This parameters that describe the stable properties of the animal, characterize the genetically determined resource potential, which has a decisive influence on the implementation of all other types of resources involved in production (land, labor, intelligence, capital) and the degree of their payback. Therefore, an important area of state support for the profitability of the use of genetic resources of dairy farming should be the financial support of the national selection system.

Manifestation of proliferative enteropathy of pigs (ileitis) in pig farms of Ukraine (diagnostic monitoring)

Proliferative enteropathy of pigs (PPE; ileitis, lawsoniosis) is one of the most common, relatively new and little-studied gastrointestinal diseases of pigs which cause significant economic damage to the pig industry worldwide. The causative agent of ileitis is Lawsonia intracellularis, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. The incubation period lasts from two to three weeks, the infection has a high degree of infection. The pathogen is transmitted from animal to animal by oral and fecal route. In order to study the manifestations of proliferative enteropathy of pigs on farms in Ukraine, we surveyed 32 farms in 13 regions. The course of PPE was usually observed with symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, but the disease brought significant economic losses. A characteristic symptom of the chronic course in the studied farms of Ukraine is a slow but progressive weight loss of animals and, as a result, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Clinical signs of ileitis depend on the form of the course. There are three main forms of ileitis: chronic form — intestinal adematosis, acute — hemorrhagic enteropathy and subclinical form. According to our research, the acute form is manifested by pale skin and signs of anemia, hemorrhagic diarrhea and sudden death of the animal. Pigs weighing more than 70 kg suffer the most. The pathological picture characteristic of PPE was observed already at the age of 33 days; 62.5% of the dead piglets aged 33 to 102 days were affected by Lawsonia, which was confirmed by laboratory tests. Pathological examination was observed in the dead pigs of the rearing and fattening group: duodenum — part initially covered with mucus-fibrin; ileum — thickening of the walls, on the serous membrane dark red grooves like a mosaic, dark blood, blood coagulates cylindrical forms; mucous membrane is uneven, thickened, intensely red; colon — stretched through gases, blood dark with coagulates in the lumen; rectum — the contents are thick to semi-liquid, dark red; mesenteric lymph nodes — enlarged and hyperemic. Pathohistological changes in the intestine varied. In some parts of the intestine, there were characteristic of ulcerative necrotic ileitis, and in others — for proliferative enteropathy.

Behavior and Energy Losses of Cows during the Period of Low Temperatures

Over the past 20 years, dairy farms in Ukraine have been actively introducing the keeping of cows in easy-to-assemble premises. However, in a moderate climate (with four distinct year seasons), the issues of microclimate, energy losses of animals and their behavior during the cold period of the year for keeping in such premises have not been fully studied. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the heat insulation elements use of side curtains in easy-to-assemble premises during the period of low temperatures on microclimate, energy outgoings for thermoregulation and behavior of cows. The research conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The research was conducted during January-February (29-43 days of the year) 2021. This period characterized by low average daily temperatures of -12.2– -18.7°С, strong wind gusts and daily precipitation in the form of snow. Two easy-toassemble premises for 400 heads were used for research. Parameters of placements (LxWxH): 150х32х10.5 m. The first one was without the use of curtains heat insulation elements, and the second one was with these elements of heat insulation. It was found that the use of polycarbonate wall heat insulation elements had a positive effect on the microclimate in the placement during the period of low temperatures. Indicators of average daily air temperatures in the placement were 3.2 and 8.8°C higher compared to the temperature in the same premise without the use of heat insulation elements and the environment. The wind speed also differed by 0.18 and 11.04 m/s, respectively. In addition, the heat insulation of the walls affected the temperature under the lying cow (+1.8°C), energy outgoings for thermoregulation (-1.93 MJ) and the number of cows that lay in the period of the lowest temperatures (+3.23-9.83%) compared to the placement without heat insulation elements. The difference in temperature of rubber carpet in the compared premises was significant: +3.3°C in the premises with heat insulation elements compared to the premises without heat insulation

The budget financing for farms in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to assess the current realities and areas of state support for farms, substantiation of recommendations for the formation of an effective system of budget funding for support programs in the future. Methods. General scientific and special scientific methods were used in the research process. Interpretation of basic categories and concepts is based on using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, theoretical generalization. Results. For many countries agriculture is the most important industry in terms of contribution to GDP and employment, i.e. for both economic development and reduction of poverty. Farms are an important component of the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy. They ensure the efficient use of agricultural resources, as the economic interest of the producers themselves, who are mainly the owners of the resources or use some of them on lease, is fully realized. The farm incomes are based on the sale of crop production and livestock products, products of its processing and other industrial products of own products and the provision of different services. Practical contribution. During 2014–2019, the structure of budget programs of the state budget changed annually. At the same time, the central executive bodies were responsible for implementing programs aimed at financing agriculture, fisheries, forestry and hunting. Thus, the structure of the main spending units of the state budget changed. In this context it is important to take specific measures intended for the improvement of production profile considering a market dynamic; to make changes in manufacturing processes; to use more efficient material resources that ensure the reduction of their costs in terms of value per unit of output; to improve management in production operation of an enterprise; to encourage employees to achieve higher production results. Prospects for further research. How are the proposed measures supported by the state? Why is it important to implement them? Which possibilities are for this? The response to these issues requires a reasonable agrarian policy and a creation of effective mechanisms of state support. In consideration of a significant number of methods and approaches to justify agrarian public financing this aspect is quite relevant and important.

Ensuring Food Security in the Context of the Sustainable Development of Agriculture

Food security is a fundamental basis for social stability and development of all countries. The task of ensuring and maintaining food security is included into the list of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. At the same time, the formation of food security requires effective actions that must take into account the principles of sustainable development in order to preserve biological diversity, ecological stability and prevent negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of factors that shape food security on the environmental component of sustainable development. The study is based on data of the World Bank and regional statistical agencies, including selected factors that have a significant impact on the environmental component of sustainable development in the context of food security. The research methodology includes correlation analysis of the impact of a group of factors that ensure food security on the environment of the regions; assessment of the significance of factors and the reliability of the model. The key results of the study confirm the hypothesis of the impact of anthropogenic factors on the ecological balance of the environment, which allows focusing on approaches to the choice of agricultural production technology, based on the experience of both large agricultural holdings and family farms in Ukraine and Italy.

First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in Ukraine

To date, there is no information regarding the occurrence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) in pigs in Ukraine. Aim. The aim of this work was to study the probable occurrence of the little-studied PCV-3 in pigs with different health status in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. Methods. Blood, semen, liver, spleen, lung samples and nasal swabs of sows and boars of different ages and with different health status, belonging to farms from Dnipro, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine, were used for the study. PCV-3 genomic material was detected by the standard polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, flanking a fragment of the rep gene of the virus with the length of 418 bp. To visualize the amplicons, horizontal gel electrophoresis was used and ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis, followed by photographing the gels using Image Lab 5.2.1 software. Results. DNA of PCV-3 was found in two liver samples and four nasal swabs in two different farms, obtained from clinically healthy pigs, which suggests the possibility of the circulation of this infectious agent at the subclinical level of infection at the farm under investigation. No PCV-3 coinfection with the causative agents of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Aujeszky’s disease, PCV-2, and mycoplasmas was found at this farm. Conclusions. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) – (a little-studied causative agent of swine disease) was detected in 6 out of 61 samples, originating from two farms in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, obtained from clinically healthy animals) for the first time in Ukraine. This indicates possible circulation of the pathogen among pig farms in Ukraine and demonstrates the need to create and implement a target risk analysis, an extensive survey, as well as to develop control measures of the disease spreading (both organizational and technical preventive). Molecular genetic surveying and subsequent monitoring of PCV-3 among domestic and wild animals, which can cross the borders, will give a possibility to determine the risks of its spreading and related economic and epidemiological consequences. The whole-genome DNA sequencing of the detected virus isolates is planned to determine the relation of Ukrainian strains of the virus to other strains circulating in Europe and other parts of the world. Better understanding the risks, epidemiology and pathology, associated with this new virus for the Ukrainian pig breeding industry, will help to prevent and control its further spread and harmful effects.

STUDY OF PROBIOTIC ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF LACTOBACTERIA ISOLATED IN POULTRY FARMS OF UKRAINE

The use of probiotics is quite common in poultry, as they reduce the use of antimicrobials, improve poultry digestion and increase feed conversion.
 The aim of the study was to study the probiotic properties and safety of lactobacilli isolated in poultry farms in Ukraine. For the study, samples were taken from poultry farms in Ukraine, in four regions. Samples of manure and washes from drinking troughs were taken from each of the farms. A total of 40 samples were taken. The delivered samples were examined in the conditions of the Ukrainian laboratory of quality and safety of agro-industrial complex products. Morphological, cultural, enzymatic properties, catalase activity, probiotic properties (synthesis of organic acids, resistance to bile, antagonistic properties and adhesive properties) and safety were investigated in the isolated microorganisms.
 As a result of the study of the selected samples, 56 isolates of lactobacilli were isolated. Since we were interested in isolates with probiotic properties, a study of isolates on the indicator of "resistance to bile" was conducted. As a result of this study, four isolates were identified that were resistant to 1 % bile in the environment, these microorganisms were decided to study the rest of the indicators. According to the results of determining the enzymatic properties, it was determined that isolate 1 belongs to Lactobacillus acidophilus, isolate 2 - Lactobacillus casei, isolate 3 - Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and isolate 4 - Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus had a medium antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a high one against Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus casei isolate had moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus delbrueckii isolate had high antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The isolate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus had a medium antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a high one against Escherichia coli. All four studied isolates had an average adhesion index.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE POULTRY MANURE MICROFLORA

The microbiological composition of chicken manure has a significant impact on its further destruction. For the disposal of chicken manure by biological methods it is important to have in the manure nutrients, growth inhibitors (residues of antibiotics or disinfectants), the ratio of spore-forming and non-spore-forming microflora, as well as the presence of beneficial microflora. The aim of the work was to study the microbiological composition of chicken manure in poultry farms of Ukraine.
 Chicken manure from poultry farms of different scale and method of keeping poultry on the territory of Ukraine was studied. Selected samples were transported in a thermal container and examined microbiologically by inoculation on commonly used and selective media. To determine the amount of spore-forming microflora, a slurry suspension was prepared, sown in a mattress with a dense nutrient medium and turpentine was introduced into a cotton gauze plug. The morphology of the isolated microorganisms, acid-forming properties, catalase activity and enzymatic properties were studied according to generally accepted methods.
 It was found that in the manure of chickens, which were kept indoors, the percentage of spore-forming microorganisms ranged from 14.74 to 21.24 %, and not spore-forming – 78.76-85.26 %. In the manure of chickens that had grazed, the percentage of spore-forming microorganisms ranged from 48.93 to 78.81 %, and not spore-forming – 21.19-51.07 %. The average amount of spore-forming microflora under both conditions was 40.86 %, and not spore-forming – 59.14 %. According to the results of the work, 20 isolates were isolated, of which 15% of isolates had pronounced acid-forming properties. On MRS agar, the isolates had the appearance of small, smooth white-gray S-shaped colonies, in Gram-stained smears, small gram-positive rods were observed, arranged singly, in pairs, and in short chains. Isolates 1, 2 and 3 had a negative reaction to catalase.
 According to the results of the studies, isolate 1 was identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius, isolate 2 – Lactobacillus reuteri, and isolate 3 – Lactobacillus delbrueckii.