Family Latrines Research Articles

Current Finding of Helminth Morphology Cause Infectious Disease

<p><strong>In Indonesia, the prevalence of helminthiasis is still high, especially in children. The frequency is 60-70% in populations at risk. The lack of use of family latrines causes soil contamination with feces around the yard. There are still few articles that review the morphology of worms that cause infectious diseases in Indonesia. Whereas knowledge of morphology is important to understand the life cycle of worms that play a role in disease transmission in humans and mammals. This article aims to discuss the latest findings regarding the morphology of worms that cause infectious diseases in humans. It can be concluded that at the adult stage, worms can be sexed. Usually, the female type has a relatively larger size than the male. On the head (anterior) there are 3 lips that have sensor papillae, one on the mediodorsal and 2 on the ventrolateral. Between the 3 lips there is a bucal cavity which is triangular in shape and functions as a mouth.</strong></p><p><em><strong>Keywords - </strong>Morphology, Helminth, Infectious disease</em></p>

FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DIARE PADA ANAK BALITA DI DESA HAJIMENA KECAMATAN NATAR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN TAHUN 2019

The diarrhea morbidity rate in the working area of the Hajimena Health Center tends to increase from year to year. During the last two years, the highest incidence of diarrheal disease was in the 1-4 year age group. This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. This study used a cross-sectional design. The research population was all children under five (1-5 years) in Hajimena Village, South Lampung Regency, 1,052 people. The sample in this study was 101 toddlers who were selected randomly—collecting data by observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. The results of this study indicate a significant relationship between diarrhea in children under five with waste disposal facilities (p-value = 0.010) and waste water disposal facilities (p-value = 0.001). Meanwhile, clean water facilities and family latrine facilities, in this study, did not show a significant relationship. Increased knowledge and skills of the community in managing household waste is needed in an effort to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children under five.

KONDISI SANITASI DASAR DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA MASYARAKAT

Diarrhea is a health problem that is still often experienced by the community and is a cause of high morbidity and mortality rates. The environmental factors that play a role are basic sanitation conditions which include clean water supply facilities, family latrine facilities, garbage disposal facilities and waste water disposal facilities. The research method used in this study is quantitative analysis using a Cross Sectional Design which aims to determine the condition of basic sanitation facilities. with the incidence of diarrhea in the community. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 65 samples. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between clean water supply facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in the community with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and sewerage facilities (SPAL) with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). while not significant are latrine facilities p value (0.702) and waste disposal facilities with the incidence of diarrhea in the community p value = 0.448 (p > 0.05).

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Sarana Jamban Keluarga Di Desa Dadap Kecamatan Juntinyuat Kabupaten Indramayu

Background
 Making latrines is a human effort to improve health by creating a healthy environment in which to live. In making latrines, as much as possible, care must be taken so that they do not cause unpleasant odors.
 Objectives
 This study to see the relationship between the level of education, behavior, and income of the community and the use of family toilet facilities in Dadap Village, Juntinyuat District, Indramayu Regency in 2018.
 Research Methods
 This research uses quantitative research with an analytic observational approach using the Cross-Sectional Study method. The population of this study was all heads of households in the village of Dadap with a sample size of 98 people.
 Result
 The statistical test (Chi-Square test) show the results that the level of education is p = 0.240> 0.05 indicates there is no relationship between education and the use of family latrines. Behavior p = 0.000 <0.05 indicates a relationship between behavior and the use of family latrines. Income p = 0.000 <0.05 indicates that there is a relationship between income and the use of family toilet facilities.
 Conclusion
 It can be concluded that the research results have no relationship between education and the use of family toilet facilities in Dadap Village, Juntinyuat District, Indramayu Regency. Behavior and income have a relationship with the use of family toilet facilities in Dadap Village, Juntinyuat District, Indramayu Regency. The need for increased education, to improve changes in people's behavior to create a clean and healthy life.

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION RELATIONSHIP WITH DIARRHEA INCIDENCE IN THE VILLAGE OF KAOFE KADATUA SUBDISTRICT BUTON COUNTY

Diarrhea is a disease characterized by an increase in the frequency of bowel movements more than usual (usually this frequency more than three times per day) accompanied by changes in the shape and consistency of stool, vomiting, muntaber or usually once a day but characterized by snot or blood. Diarrheal disease is still a public health problem, some of the factors that cause diarrheal disease are caused by germs through contamination of food or drinks contaminated with feces and or direct contact with sufferers, while other factors include devotee and environmental factors. This study aims to find out the relationship of environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in the community of Kaofe Village kadatua district buton regency in 2010. This type of research is analytical survey research. The population in this study were all heads of families in Kaofe Village, the number of samples studied was 157 samples. Data collection techniques by random sampling are equipped with questionnaires to find out the relationship of environmental sanitation (provision of clean water, provision of family latrines, solid waste management, liquid waste management) with diarrheal events. The data is processed using SPSS 16.0 and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and analysis between variables that comes with an explanation. The results showed there was a relationship of clean water supply with diarrhea incidence with a value of P = 0.000, there was a relationship of providing family latrines with diarrhea incidence with a value of P = 0.001, no relationship of solid waste management with the incidence of diarrhea P = 0.296, there was a relationship of liquid waste management with diarrhea incidence with a value of P = 0.003. Seeing the still high incidence of diarrhea in the community of Kaofe Village kadatua subdistrict, it is advisable to the community to improve environmental sanitation by improving clean water facilities, have qualified latrines, and have qualified SPAL.

Hubungan Ketersediaan Jamban, Perilaku, dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat dengan Buang Air Besar di Kelurahan Legok Kota Jambi Tahun 2018

To provide family latrines among general community is not easy, because it is closely associated with people participation in terms of their behavior, knowledge, and culture. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between the availability of latrine, behaviors, and know-ledge of society with defecation behavior in Kelurahan Legok of Kecamatan Danau Sipin, Jambi. The study was a descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach. The size of study sample was 87 family heads. The study results show that 62 family heads already have latrine and the the rest 52 do not; 37 family heads have appropriate behavior, meanwhile the rest 50 have less appropriate behavior; 59 family heads have good knowledge, and as much as 28 family have less knowledge; 62 family heads defecating in latrine, meanwhile the other 25 defecate on river. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that there are significant relationship between the availability of latrine, attitudes, and knowledge of family heads with defecation behavior. For people of Kelurahan Legok, it is advised to organize latrine and septic tank “arisan” that is ad-dressed to those who do not have those facilities.

Risk factors for stunting among children in Banggai Regency, Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze the factors related to stunting in children aged 0-59 months. This cross-sectional study involved a total sampling of 285 children <5 years. Data collected were age, sex, exclusive breastfeeding, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), water source and family latrine. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were performed. The results showed that age, exclusive breastfeeding, MUAC, the availability of family latrine were significantly related with the incidence of stunting (P<0.05). Furthermore, the results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors that most affected stunting were non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR=15.059; 95% CI 8.030-28.240), poor family latrine (OR=2.695; 95% CI 1.364-5.324) and age (OR=2.527; 95% CI 1.382-4.62). The strongest risk factors for stunting are non-exclusive breastfeeding, poor family's latrines, and the sex of the children. It is recommended that to strengthen multisectoral interventions to reduce stunting.

Nutritional status of children under 5 and environmental situation of the household in Banggai Regency

The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional status and environmental problems in Banggai Regency. This study was cross-sectional involved a total sampling of 1889 families and 617 children aged 0-59 months in 10 villages collected in 2018. Data were collected through interviews and anthropometric measurements using the Camry brand digital scales, length board, microtoise and interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data collection results were processed and analyzed using WHO Anthro and SPSS 21. This study shows that households (n=1889) with clean water facility were 94.60%, protected water source was 83.50%, and presence of family latrines was 56.00%. The nutritional status (n=617) by WAZ indices was overweight (2.27%), normal (72.77%), underweight (19.77%), and severely underweight (5.19%). Nutritional status by HAZ indices was normal (66.12%), stunting (24.8%), and severely stunting (9.08%). Nutritional status by WHZ indices was normal (90.76%), wasted (6.16%), and severely wasted (3.08%). The major nutritional problems are stunting, while the absence of a latrine facility in the household was found to be the most environment problem in Banggai Regency. It is essential to improve the environment sanitation as this factor may be related to the stunting incidence in Banggai Regency.

Determinan Pemanfaatan Jamban Keluarga pada Keluarga

Jamban merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia, diharapkan tiap individu untuk memanfaatkan fasilitas jamban untuk buang air besar. Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas DTP Cipanas sebanyak 1.502 jiwa yang akses jamban dari 4.237 jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor–faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan Jamban keluarga di Desa Cipanas Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rawat Inap Cipanas Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Lebak Tahun 2019. Desain Penelitian bersifat cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh kepala keluarga di Desa Cipanas yang berjumlah 1.158 kepala keluarga dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 101 kepala keluarga, dimana sampel diambil dengan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data primer menggunakan kuisioner dengan cara wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Puskesmas Rawat Inap Cipanas. Hasil analisa menunjukan dari 101 responden sebanyak 45.4% tidak memanfaatkan jamban, 82.2% memiliki pendapatan tinggi, 58.4% memiliki sikap yang kurang baik, 62.4% tidak memiliki jamban, 71.3% adanya peran petugas kesehatan, dan 61.4% adanya peran tokoh masyarakat. Uji hubungan data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap, kepemilikan jamban, peran petugas kesehatan (Pv = 0.000), peran tokoh masyarakat (Pv = 0,005) dengan pemanfaatan jamban keluarga. Saran untuk penelitian ini adalah perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran kepala keluarga dalam pemanfaatan jamban keluarga.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN KULIM PUSKESMAS TENAYAN RAYA

Diarrhea is the number one cause of death worldwide. Data for 2017 states, nearly 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea occur in children with a mortality rate of around 760.000 in children under five each year WHO (2017). seconds one child dies of diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of diarrhea in the community. The design of this study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach, with a sample of 50 respondents taken by saturated sampling technique. The results of the study are the relationship of clean water sources (p value = 0.001), family latrines (p value = 0.012), waste management (p value = 0.024), to the incidence of diarrhea in the community in RT 02 RW 03 Kulim Village Work Area Puskesmas Tenayan Raya Kota Pekanbaru with the stipulation of p value (&lt;0.05) thus it can be concluded that the source of clean water, family latrines, and waste management are related to the incidence of diarrhea. The suggestion of the results of this study is that the people who become respondents can recognize and understand the clean environment in order to avoid diseases caused by damage to the environment that is less healthy.

CORRELATION BETWEEN ACCESS OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION WITH DIARRHEA INCIDENCE IN EAST JAVA

Background: Diarrhea is still a major health problem in Indonesia. The Province of East Java ranks the second-highest number of diarrhea incidence after West Java, which reached 1,048,885 patients. The most dominant factors contributing to diarrheal diseases are water and family latrines. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between access to drinking water and proper sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in East Java. Methods: This study was an observational study with a correlation study design. The population used was all people suffering from diarrheal diseases handled by each district in East Java Province in 2017. The method of sampling used aggregate data on the number of cases of diarrhea handled and the number of people with access to drinking water and proper sanitation per district/city in East Java province based on the East Java Health Profile 2017. The variables studied were the number of people who had access to drinking water (feasible), the number of people who had access to proper sanitation facilities (healthy latrines), and the number of diarrhea cases handled in East Java Province, with analysis techniques in the form of Pearson correlation. Results: This study showed that there was a relationship between residents who had access to inadequate drinking water (p = 0.00) which had a strong relationship of 0.48 (strong enough) and there was also a relationship between residents with inadequate access to sanitation facilities (not have healthy latrines) (p = 0.00) which had a strong relationship of 0.53 (strong enough). Conclusion: There is a relationship between access to drinking water and sanitation that is not feasible with the incidence of diarrhea found in East Java.

The Application of Family Latrine Construction Model in the Low Economic Community in the Coastal Area in Indonesia During COVID 19 Pandemic

The aims of the research report are (1) low-income communities knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior on the making of safe and environmentally friendly latrines and (2) to find the effect of experiments on increasing knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior of low economic communities in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi during Covid-19 Pandemic. The sample of the experimental group are 30 heads of family area was Kanaungan Village, and the control group is 30 heads of family were selected by purposive sampling method area was Ma'rang Village in Pangkep Regency South Sulawesi, one of the Indonesian provinces. The research variables: (1) knowledge, attitude, motivation, and behavior, and (2) the effect of experiments on increasing knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior. The experimental design used was a pretest-posttest control group design. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The inferential model is the independent t-test. The results of the research have shown that (1) knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior to use safe and environmentally friendly latrines has increased after the experiments, and (2) there is a significant impact of the experiment in nurturing knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and behavior of the low economic communities in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi.

Hubungan Penyediaan Air Bersih dan Jamban Keluarga Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Desa Mala Kecamatan Manganitu Tahun 2015

Data from the Health Office of the Sangihe Regency up to June 2014, there were 708 diarrhea cases, the most cases were at age&gt; 5 years totaling 430 cases; the highest cases were in the working area of ​​the Manganitu Health Center as many as 115 cases, and the village with the most diarrhea cases was Mala Village as many as 73 cases of diarrhea suffered by toddlers. The research objective is to determine the relationship between the provision of clean water and family latrines with the incidence of diarrhea in Mala Village, Manganitu District. This type of research is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. The sample size in this study was the entire population of 73 toddlers being sampled. The results of bivariate data processing and analysis using the test chi square showed that there was a significant relationship between the provision of clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in infants and there was a significant relationship between the provision of family latrines with the incidence of diarrhea in infants. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between the provision of clean water and the provision of family toilets with the occurrence of diarrhea in Mala Village, Manganitu District. Suggestions For people who do not have clean water facilities and family latrines to make or build clean water facilities and family latrines and the need for the role and support of health workers in the prevention of diarrheal diseases transmitted through the environment, officers always make observations and supervision to maintain the spread of disease based environment such as diarrhea.

Environmental Characteristics of Slum Settlements in Batang Arau Village of Padang City

In order to comprehend the problems of slums comprehensively, knowledge of the environmental characteristics of slums is needed based on the classification of aspects of facilities, infrastructure, social, economic, and disaster (hazard). This study aims to understand the characteristics of the environment in the form of infrastructure, social, economic, and slum disasters in the Batang Arau Village, Padang City. Primary data were obtained through field observations and interviews with 80 informants, while secondary data obtained from related documents and regulations. The physical condition of the area is that the regularity of residential buildings is only 102 units of households with the level of regularity of buildings, only 0.26%. The level of residential building density of 522.36 units / Ha, with the feasibility of residential buildings, is only 0.76%. Accessibility following technical requirements is only 0.40%. The condition of the drainage network that meets the minimum quality standard is 0.19%. The number of houses served with water facilities for basic needs of 0.58% with the fulfillment of 0.47%. The percentage of family latrines according to technical requirements of 0.41%, and the amount of domestic household waste that is transported at least twice a week is 49%. Socially, the number of people by sex is almost the same, with the distribution of the productive age of the population of 69.32% of the total population, the level of education varies but in general is high school education, and the most dominant ethnic group in this area is the Minangkabau. From an economic aspect, people's income varies, with work predominantly being fishermen and trade/services. This area is located on a hillside, making it prone to landslides, and due to dense houses, this area is also prone to fires.

HUBUNGAN PENDAPATAN DAN PENGETAHUAN KEPALA KELUARGA DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN JAMBAN SEHAT DI DESA GUNUNG MERLAWAN KECAMATAN TIGANDERKET KABUPATEN KARO TAHUN 2019

To improve public health in the form of disease prevention, and health recovery by the government and society is the development of basic sanitation. Any of them has access to basic sanitation that is healthy latrines. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of income and knowledge of family heads with the availability of healthy latrines . The method of this study used observational analytics with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study was the family Head of the gunung merlawan village as much as 60 households in Tiganderket District Karo Regency. Samples were taken according to the number of samples of 60 households with 230 inhabitants. with this sampling technique is total sampling. Statistical tests using the chi square test using SPSS 20. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between the level of income of family heads with the availability of family latrines. And that there is a relationship of knowledge with the availability of healthy latrines. It is recommended to health officer in the working area of Puskesmas Tiga Nderket and the Head of Gunung Merlawan village to increase their role in counseling the community in the use of healthy latrines in Gunung Merlawan village, Tiganderket .

Utilization Of Family Toilet In The Allu Village Of Minasa Baji Bantimurung Districts Of Maros Regency

Background: One of the efforts to improve community health status is the existence of environmental health facilities that meet health requirements, including the availability of family toilets. The absence of family latrines, or the unavailability of family toilets that meet the requirements in an area, is caused by several things such as insufficient knowledge of the residents, benefits that will be felt if they have a family toilet that meets the requirements. large funds to make eligible family latrines. Method, this type of research is "descriptive" research to find out the use of family latrines. In this study the sample was the head of the family (KK) or those who were able to respond like their wives or children. The sampling technique in this study was "Random Sampling. Results, the level of knowledge lacked a greater chance of not utilizing family latrines fulfilling the conditions, income lacking greater opportunities not utilizing family latrines fulfilling the conditions, lack of greater opportunity not using family latrines fulfilling the requirements. Conclusion of respondents with a less knowledgeable level of opportunity not utilizing family latrines fulfilling the requirements, namely from 33 respondents with less knowledge 27 who did not use family latrines to meet the requirements, respondents with less opportunities did not use family latrines to meet conditions, namely from 37 respondents with attitudes of less than 25 who do not use family latrines to meet the requirements, respondents with less income have a greater chance of not utilizing family latrines to meet the requirements, namely from 26 responds en with an income of less than 17 who do not use family toilets to meet the requirements.

Family Construction Models for Weak Economic Communities That Are Safe to the Environment

The specific objectives of this study are: (1) to design a family latrine construction model that uses local raw materials for a weak economy community in the highlands of South Sulawesi province that is environmentally safe, (2) to find local materials that make up the latrine construction, and (3) find the right method for applying the latrine construction model. The research locations were the highlands of Maros Regency, Barru Regency and Soppeng Regency. The respondents of this study were 150 families were also selected purposively. The research variables are: 1) the family toilet construction model, 2) the construction material for the latrine construction, and 3) the method for applying the latrine model. Data collection by questionnaire. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed: 1) the construction model of family latrines for the economically weak community in the highlands of South Sulawesi Province: (a) the construction of a septictank is a pair of waterproof plaster plaster bricks, (b) has permeation, (c) latrine floors and rooms simple karamic baths, (d) locally made goose necks, (e) wall tiles in smooth plaster bricks, (f) local wooden roof truss, (g) local wooden roof coverings, bamboo or zinc, and (h) latrine doors local wood boards, 2) local materials making up construction, namely split stone, sand, gravel, local wood, bamboo and palm fiber. Other materials are cement, zinc, simple ceramics and klosed neck swans, and 3) the methods or steps taken to implement the family latrine model are: (a) introducing the latrine construction model and the material used, (b) explaining the purpose, benefits of latrines, the effects of feces that are disposed of randomly, (c) describe the local material used, and (d). provides a model of latrine model for weak economic families in the highlands.

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemanfaatan Jamban Keluarga di Kecamatan Jatibarang Kabupaten Brebes

Background: Based on Basic of Health Research in 2013, as many as 39-40 million people still defecated carelessly, including those who dumped their waste into the river. In Brebes Regency in 2017, the District Budget Fund has built 1298 latrines for poor families. But from the evaluation and preliminary studies reported that there are still many families that have not utilized the latrine to the fullest. This study aims to analyze the factors influence the utilization of family latrines in Jatibarang Subdistrict, Brebes Regency.Method: This study is an analytic observational design using a cross sectional approach to analyze the factors influence the use of family latrines. The sample of this study was selected purposively as many as 103 heads of households involved who met the inclusion criteria, namely families who received latrine program through the district budget funds from 3 villages in Jatibarang Subdistrict.Results: There is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, defecation habits, and family support with the use of family latrines. There is no significant relationship between education level, family income, health worker support, community leaders support, availability of clean water, distance a place to defecate in addition to latrines on the use of family latrines. It is recommended that increasing knowledge and attitudes to respondents as well as supports from family were also needed in improving utilizing latrines.

HUBUNGAN PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI PERMUKIMAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI DUSUN SUCEN, KECAMATAN TRIHARJO, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

AbstractThe definition of sanitation according to World Health Organization an effort ofknowledge in all humanphysical factors that may cause the thingsthat have been binding with the physical development of the health and endurance. Diarrhea is a condition where a person defecating with softorliquid consistency, evensometimes can be form as water aloneandits frequencyis moret han three times in a day 0.000. The results shows that p &lt; 0.05, which means there is a relationship between the utilization of family latrine with diarrhea.

Knowledge Level, Sosioeconomy Status of Family Head, and Ownership of Latrines in Gunung Agung Village Argamakmur North Bengkulu

Sanitation is intentional behavior in empowering clean life that has the purpose of preventing humans from being in direct contact with dirt and other hazardous waste materials in the hope of maintaining and improving human health. The use of latrines as a place to dispose of human waste is very necessary to avoid and reduce various types of environmental pollution and transmission of diseases, and can support the creation of a clean and healthy environment. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and socioeconomic status of the family head with ownership of family latrines in Gunung Agung Village, Argamakmur City, North Bengkulu. The design of this study uses analytical survey with Cross Sectional approach. The population taken was all family heads in Gunung Agung Village, Argamakmur City, North Bengkulu. Sampling in this study were 85 samples, using proportional random sampling technique, namely 66 samples that had family latrines and 19 samples that did not have family latrines. Data collection in this study uses primary and secondary data with data analysis techniques carried out by univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test through SPSS program. The results obtained: from 85 household head respondents, it can be seen that there are 66 families (77.6%) who have family latrines, there are 42 families (49.4%) have a sufficient level of knowledge, there are 56 households (65.9%) with the status of Prosperous Family I. This study shows that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and socioeconomic status of the head of the family with ownership of family latrines in Gunung Agung Village, Argamakmur City, North Bengkulu. Keywords: knowledge of family heads, ownership of family latrines, socio-economic status