Fair Remuneration Research Articles

Основные понятия теории управления: от истоков до реалий современности

The article devoted to the problems of changing the perception and application of the basic concepts of management science and practice, such as rational management, organizational culture, fair remuneration, and others. The author examines the origins of the modern concept of “management philosophy” in such well-known works as, for example, Aristotle’s “Ethics”. Some of the principles of ancient Greek business ethics (honesty, work) became the basis of Protestant ethics, which is based on Western European and American modern capitalist civilization. In the modern realities of management, these concepts have changed, therefore, a new perception of the management philosophy is necessary, a gradual rethinking of the basic concepts, one of the attempts of such a rethinking is made by the author

Pay equity as a motivating factor

The article deals with the concept of fair remuneration, its significance in the work process and its impact on the activities of the organization's personnel.

Right to health: the clinical examination of the judicialization of public health in the face of mistanasia

The present work has as its study the analysis of public policies, regarding access to the right to public health, as well as the difficulties, the neglect of the provision and the length of the concession. The difficult way for doctors to exercise their profession, excessive shifts, lack of specialists, medicines and beds, lack of fair remuneration and various problems; the analysis of the judicialization of public health and the institutes that medicine calls: Euthanasia, Orthothanasia, Dysthanasia and Mistanasia. The methodology used was the tool: bibliographic. At the end of this article, there will be an examination of the studies analysed, and the effectiveness of the judicialization of public health.

Escalas salariales en la economía del bien común

El sistema económico capitalista, desde el comienzo de su historia, no ha estado exento de teorías y pensamientos críticos que han puesto sobre la mesa sus dificultades e imposibilidades en ciertos aspectos. La presente economía capitalista lleva para muchos, aparte de una crisis monetaria, repercusiones en otros contextos (impacto ecológico, energético, crisis social, alimentaria, etc.). Si bien, se han ido forjando, desde hace años, otros tipos de alternativas y más recientemente la Economía del Bien Común, un proyecto económico que pretende crear los incentivos con los cuales la actividad económica se dirija hacia el Bien Común, es decir, fomentar los valores humanos de la solidaridad, dignidad, sostenibilidad, justicia social, democracia y transparencia, recuperando el concepto de éxito económico y vinculándolo hacia el beneficio social. El modelo de la EBC plantea el uso de unas premisas e indicadores para conformar unas escalas salariales justas, siendo éste el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo, junto con el análisis de dos de los valores fundamentales del modelo y su contribución a ambos, la equidad y justicia social.

Eficácia da representação sindical dos trabalhadores, inclusive como ferramenta essencial para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico

RESUMO: O autor revisita o papel do sindicalismo e suas funções (econômica, política, ética, negocial ou regulamentar, assistencial e de representação). Destaca fatos históricos, fundamentos teóricos e fenômenos contemporâneos aptos a influenciar uma potencial nova configuração dos sindicatos. Nessa missão, considerou a influência da constante alteração das estruturas sociais e econômicas que afetaram a configuração das relações profissionais, nomeadamente a união de países em blocos, a globalização das empresas, as deslocalizações da produção e o advento de novas tecnologias. Como consequência, o autor registra a queda na sindicalização e a desvalorização dos sindicatos. Do ponto de vista das relações governamentais, o modelo praticado na União Europeia revela que o Estado pode cumprir eficientemente seu papel ao contar com a colaboração de sindicatos efetivamente livres e integrados, por meio da concertação de políticas públicas. Além disso, a organização sindical sadia é imprescindível para auxiliar o governo (portanto, sem onerar o orçamento público) na fiscalização do espaço produtivo. Mediante a autonomia privada coletiva, sugere soluções específicas em negociação de regras trabalhistas internacionais, nacionais e locais. A reconstrução da estrutura sindical brasileira, de forma a aproveitar o grande potencial democrático dos sindicatos, é um desafio a superar. Ainda nessa perspectiva legislativa, o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável pode ser considerado como decorrente do sucesso das empresas, da retribuição justa e da convivência pacífica com os empregados, cuja representação não pode ser meramente formal e sem voz. A investigação considera normas internacionais, inclusive dos ordenamentos jurídicos português e brasileiro. Optou o autor pela técnica acadêmica de revisão “ad hoc” de prestigiosa literatura, europeia, brasileira e uruguaia.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sindicato; reforma trabalhista; negociação coletiva; concertação social; neocorporativismo.

LABOUR MIGRATION FROM UKRAINE: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL WAYS OF COUNTERING

The main reasons of labour migration from Ukraine are analysed. It is emphasized that this process becomes a sign of danger for the socio and economic development of Ukraine. The refusal of citizens to work in Ukraine creates a threat to the formation of funds of the Pension Fund of Ukraine, and today the state doesn’t receive the revenues to the budgets, which are formed by the payment of personal income tax. It is emphasized that Ukraine should use the foreign experience and international standards of creation of proper working conditions for workers on the way to counter the labour migration. Such conditions include not only working conditions where occupational safety and hygiene is important, but also remuneration conditions, where fair remuneration must be calculated in the context of purchasing power, which effectively determines the access of workers and their families to social benefits. It is emphasized separately that hired labour has at least 3 interrelated goals. The first one is intended to create gross domestic product in the state and money circulation through trade in goods, works and services. The second one is aimed at physically restoring the working capacity of the worker and ensuring the vital needs of non-working members of the employee's family. The third one is aimed at restoring, stabilizing and developing the mental and social well-being of the employee and his or her family. The research proposes: a) to review, at the national level, the minimum living wage; b) normatively determine the coefficients of wage differentiation not only by the inter-qualification ratio but also by sectoral activities to take into account the professional needs of workers of different professions. The sectoral wage differentiation coefficient is to be paid by the employer at the expense of its wages and salaries. The actual costs of remuneration for work, taking into account the sectoral coefficient of wage differentiation, should be fixed in collective agreements and collective contracts. The primary level of counteraction to labour migration from Ukraine should be enterprises, institutions, organizations.

Artificial Intelligence at Work: An Overview of the Literature

This paper provides an overview of the actual and likely labour market transformations caused by increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies across the advanced economies, with a special focus on Germany. The scholarly debates on these issues mainly revolve around the impact of AI on the number and structure of jobs, and around AI-enabled management tools’ perpetuation and aggravation of work-related inequalities and discrimination. The study starts with a brief background of AI as a technology, with a focus on its definition, subfields, capabilities, and history. Following this, it reviews the discussions on the implications of AI use in the world of work and its ethical and political repercussions and continues with a summary of AI use and its impacts in German labour markets. It then discusses the current gaps in the relevant scholarly literature and identifies numerous opportunities for further research. The investigation concludes by addressing two far-reaching implications of increasing utilisation of AI-enabled tools in labour markets. First, in the case that the current trends remain unchanged, the AI-driven future of work is likely to perpetuate and aggravate work-related inequalities and discrimination, diminishing further the prospects of decent work, fair remuneration and adequate social protection for all. Second, predictions provided by current studies only point out one possibility amongst many. Thus, we still have choices as to the advancement, adoption, and utilisation of workplace AI technologies in a way that brings benefit to all.

Ochrona interesów publicznych w Rozporządzeniu Rzym I w kontekście zróżnicowania standardów pracowniczych w UE

The paper refers to the concept of public interest contained in Art. 9 of the Rome I Regulation. The author argues that in the light of the processes taking place on the labor market (such as the digitization of the labor market and employment via platforms) and problems with defining the scope of the directive on posted workers in the context of drivers of international transport, courts may treat national regulations in the field of labor law as overriding mandatory provisions. The main goal of the paper is to draw attention to the need to increase the interest in the doctrine of labor law in the sphere of the potential application of Art. 9 Rome I. With regard to employment issues, a question arises regarding the minimum wage applicable in a given country in conjunction with the issue of the freedom to provide services. The European Court of Justice referred to the issue of ensuring fair remuneration of employees as an important element of the “overriding general interest” justifying the restriction of the freedom to provide services. In the deliberations in the Mazzoleni judgment, the ECJ also emphasized that the application of the minimum wage of the country in which the service is performed may be a disproportionate burden, especially in a situation where the enterprise providing the services is located in the border territory and the work performed in the host country is temporary, short and part-time. An interesting issue is the “translation” of the considerations contained in the aforementioned judgment into the emerging employment through internet platforms. Some background for the above considerations is the fact that in the literature of private international law, among the overriding mandatory provisions, the most frequently indicated are anti-monopoly provisions, in the field of foreign exchange law, regarding the prohibition of import or export of certain goods, but this is also important from the point of view of the paper, more and more often regulations based on a private-law method of regulation. The paper also includes considerations regarding the concept of “public interest”.

ПІДБІР КАДРІВ ТА УПРАВЛІННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ КАЗНАЧЕЙСТВА

The selection of competent, professional staff that will meet the interests of citizens and the state is one of the most important problems of the modern period of functioning of the civil service. The relevance of the study related to the rules of recruitment for work in the State Treasury is due to the fact that the quality of public services does not fully meet the requirements for their replacement, and the success of state policy depends on human resources. A new solution to the current problem in the field of science "Public Administration" to substantiate the theoretical foundations of the development of personnel management of a public body on the basis of a competency-based approach that will meet the needs of public authorities in specialists with a high level of professionalism, and provide new opportunities for professional self-realization. employees. It is determined that to work with staff requires a well-thought-out system of staffing of the civil service, which will be aimed at improving the professional and psychological and emotional competencies of its staff and to enrich their professional potential. Possibilities of adaptation of world experience in the development of the civil service management system of Ukraine, in particular, in terms of enshrining the principle of meritocracy at the legislative level, resulting in the introduction of a "merit system" implemented by personnel management services through a competency model for government officials : general, professional and intellectual. Based on the analysis of state policy on personnel management in public authorities in Ukraine identified types of organization of personnel management service, which allows to change the bureaucratic and procedural way of personnel management services of state bodies of Ukraine to competency-oriented, which allows to agree on a wide range of issues professional activity of a civil servant and his professional competence, as well as fair remuneration of individual achievements. The analysis of the current state of personnel selection and personnel management in the system of the State Treasury Service of Ukraine is carried out. Proposals for improving the development of the personnel management service of the state body on the basis of the competence approach are formulated and practical recommendations for their implementation are offered.

Tax treatment of dividends and alternative for shareholders. Tax treatment of dividends and alternative for shareholders

In simple terms, a shareholder is a person who puts their money at risk by providing it to a business, what we call investment, which, if it generates profits, these are distributed in proportional parts to each partner, called dividends. In this way, the payment of dividends to shareholders represents the fair remuneration to the risk assumed. Dividend income is regulated in the Law on Income Tax and its correlation with the General Law of Commercial Companies, through precise guidelines. However, average business practice does not follow these provisions. Indeed, shareholders have money during the year in amounts on considerable amounts, without following any legal formality; thus facing fiscal and financial consequences. On the one hand, then, there is a reasonable right to remuneration and, on the other hand, compliance with the law. That is why alternatives to the old problem, of the checks without verification, set up as fictitious dividends.

The thermodynamic principles as the theoretical basis of fair remuneration

Thermodynamics is the key to solving many economic problems. Since the human body is driven by heat engines, there is a loss of energy source. Measuring this loss means it is possible to indicate the size of a fair wage. Another version of the second principle justifies the amount of depreciation of real assets, such as machinery and equipment. A significant purpose of the article is to indicate that the category of capital cannot be understood without knowing the first and second principle of thermodynamics. The main aim is to present the theory of equitable remuneration developed using the second principle of thermodynamics and the discovered economic constant. Theoretical research leads to the creation of a model of capital and a model of fair pay with the understanding of the existence of an economic constant quantifying the action of natural forces on capital growth. Empirical research estimates the size of the constant and verifies the fairness of remuneration. The research reveals the existence of an economic constant necessary in capital theory, especially in the field of remuneration for work. Models for measuring human capital of employees and formulas enabling calculation of fair remuneration and its updating are presented. Additionally, using the entropic version of the second principle, the depreciation amounts of fixed assets are determined. The main conclusion of the presented research and the formulated theory is that thermodynamics is essential for the correct understanding of the category of capital defining as the abstract ability to perform work. Â

EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND REMUNERATION JUSTICE IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND

The aim of the article is the analysis of the relationship between work engagement and evaluation of remuneration justice in the context of the dimensions of organizational justice in Lithuania and Poland. The starting point for the research was the identification the essence of evaluation of remuneration justice from the perspective of management sciences. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of the views on organizational justice allowed to define the key aspects of remuneration justice necessary for a detailed exploration of the studied area. They point to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of remuneration justice, integrating all its aspects, not only the distribution aspect. The strong link between fair remuneration and work engagement draws attention to the conditions for effective remuneration instruments. On the basis of the results of empirical research, the assessment of the fairness of remuneration by Polish and Lithuanian employees was diagnosed. In Lithuania, 9% and in Poland 52% of respondents described their current salary as fair. Correlations between the examined constructs were examined. It is concluded that for both working Lithuanians and working Poles fair compensation means remuneration appropriate to the work performed. The sense of fairness of remuneration coexists with distributional, procedural and interactive justice and with the lack of feeling of being exploited.

Factors And Principles Of Fair Pay

The article covers the issues of factors influencing the formation of fair wages. The principles on which the system of guarantees of realization of the rights of workers to a fair wage should be based are considered. There are two groups of factors in the formation of wages: a) market; b) non-market or socio-legal. The first group includes:
 1) changes in supply and demand in the market of goods and services in the production of which this work is used; 2) the usefulness of the resource of the entrepreneur; 3) the elasticity of demand for labor at price; 4) interchangeability of resources; 5) change in prices for consumer goods and services. The second group includes: 1) measures of state regulation related to the establishment of the minimum wage, minimum salary, subsistence level; 2) the level of wages and conditions of employment can have a significant impact on trade union policy, the strength of the trade union movement;
 3) the final results of the enterprise and the personal contribution of the employee;
 4) the existence of a system of guarantees for the realization of employees’ rights to fair remuneration. It is pointed out that we cannot study the institution of wages in isolation from the current economic situation in the country, so we need to know what factors affect the determination of the level of wages.
 There are four principles on which the system of guarantees for the realization of employees’ rights to fair remuneration should be based: 1) equality of remuneration;
 2) timeliness of remuneration; 3) completeness of payment of wages; 4) fair pay.
 It is concluded that the proposed and analyzed factors that affect the formation of wages should be studied and taken into account during the regulatory reform of the institution of wages.
 In our opinion, the principles on which the system of guarantees for the realization of workers’ rights to fair remuneration should be based must be enshrined in law. It is argued that the institution of wages needs comprehensive reform. And above all, it is necessary to pay attention to the principles on which it should be built, because these are the fundamental foundations.

Work and works on digital platforms in capitalism: conceptual and regulatory challenges for labour and copyright law

Abstract This article explores the challenges associated with creative work in the digital economy at both a conceptual and practical level, through the conjoined lenses of labour law and copyright law. We begin by developing a conception of the capitalist work relation and the distinct struggles intrinsic to it. This allows us to better understand the functions of creative work in contemporary ‘digital’ capitalism and the various regulatory challenges to which these different functions give rise. We then use this analysis to explore some of the conceptual and practical challenges that arise in both labour and copyright law when it comes to regulating creative work in an age of ‘digital platforms’, with a particular focus on the question of how to secure creators a fair remuneration, and potentially, a living, for their work. The concluding section discusses the potential and limits of new European Union rules on mandatory protections for authors and users to deal with these challenges.

Desafios do programa de aquisição de alimentos (PAA) em fomentar autonomia de agricultores familiares

O presente artigo analisa os desafios do PAA em expandir a autonomia relativa da agricultura familiar. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal sobre o PAA tomando como base empírica o arranjo institucional conformado no município de Angatuba, sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, para a execução deste programa. O arranjo de Angatuba foi selecionado pois operava o PAA há mais de cinco anos consecutivos. Os dados primários que subsidiam as discussões foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas em dois momentos distintos, sendo o primeiro quando o programa estava em pleno funcionamento e, o segundo, quando o programa não era mais executado no município devido a cortes no orçamento federal. Dados secundários também subsidiam as análises. Os resultados indicam que o arranjo institucional constituído no município, apesar de muito eficiente, operava de modo a não aproveitar o mercado institucional criado pelo programa no sentido de consolidar avanços estruturais que pudessem garantir benefícios a longo prazo, assim, amortecendo as oportunidades de tomar a garantia de compra como base para a configuração de um ciclo virtuoso de ação pública. Com o fim do programa, os agricultores voltaram às mesmas condições de produção, renda e acesso a mercados que vivenciavam anteriormente. Desta forma, a pesquisa aponta que a garantia de acesso a um mercado protegido com remuneração justa, traz um alívio para os agricultores, mas não, necessariamente, expande a autonomia relativa dos agricultores. Palavras-chave: Sistemas Agroalimentares. Mercado Institucional. Compras Públicas. Política Pública. Desenvolvimento Rural.

Climate change and organizational management: toward a new paradigm

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to tackle the grand issue of climate change in a managerial perspective by proposing a new type of management.Design/methodology/approachClimate change has now been debated for many years, and in spite of different viewpoints, analyses and opinions, is a phenomenon that is accepted by all. There are thousands of studies on the nature of climate change and its consequences on the planet Earth and its inhabitants. However, there are few studies investigating the consequences of climate change on the founding tenets and practices of management. This paper aims to contribute to this facet of the issue. In the first part, it examines the main facts about climate change, their impact on businesses and proposes an adapted model of management for agriculture, industry, services and supply chains. In the second part, it advocates a shift in paradigm from the “maximization of profit” to the “maximization of well-being” as the foundation of a new managerial philosophy that can both address climate change and sustainability.FindingsCompanies and managers are in a much better position than politicians and consumers to find a solution to climate change problems for the very reason that they are not stupid in Cipolla's (2011) sense. Companies and managers do have the power to rewrite the rules of the game in order to get to a firm and management metamorphosis. Starting from a return to company ownership by and for the company itself (not just external shareholders), a switch in purpose from profit-seeking to people's well-being, fair remuneration of stakeholders, progress as a measure of success and long-term orientation are suggested as new tenets in management.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this paper has several limitations (it may be too wide in scope, utopian, its ideas may sound unachievable and even sometimes naïve in their arguments), its starting point is very clear: the authors, as management scholars, must do something to try and stop the crash of economies and businesses in an ecological disaster. And its logic is very clear and straightforward as well: if people want things to change, then they have to change the foundations of management thinking, both in theory and in practice. The authors do not claim their solution is the only one or the best: avenues for future research aimed at providing better solutions are wide open from this point of view, and the authors genuinely encourage colleagues to continue in this direction and contribute to this work. What matters most, however, is to stop looking for precise answers to “wrong, well-defined, narrow problems” and to start looking for “approximate answers to important problems” (Brown et al., 2005) as the authors tried to do here.Practical implicationsDeveloping a new management operating model and foundations able to keep companies alive while not compromising mankind survival on planet Earth.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the Tourish (2020) challenge for purposeful research in management by providing some fresh ideas about the way companies and management principles and practices should change to prevent irreversible environmental damages.

Blockchain, Smart Contracts and Copyright Management Disruption

Blockchain, smart contracts and copyright management disruption. The article examines the differences between new, blockchain and smart contract-based private ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration.

Constitutional right to pay – one of the most important socio-economic human rights

Problem setting. Remuneration is the main source through which the employee meets both their primary needs and the needs of a higher level. At a time when, on the one hand, the problem of meeting material needs is exacerbated, and on the other – the transition to market relations and building a socially oriented market economy in Ukraine requires a broader outlook and highly skilled workers, wages, its level, timeliness payments are brought to the fore by life itself. Remuneration is one of the guarantees of the realization of the constitutional right to work, and, consequently, one of the most essential rights of workers. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issue of wages was the subject of research by such scientists as V.M. Bozhko, N.B. Bolotin, V.M. Weger, Y.M. Veres, O.V. Gaeva, N.D. Hetmantseva, S.Yu. Golovina, O.O. Ershova, M.I. Kuchma, L.I. Lazor, R.Z. Livshits, M.V. Lushnikova, A.Yu. Pasherstnik, O.I. Protsevsky, V.O. Radionova- Vodyanytska, N.M. Salikova, N.M. Khutoryan, E.B. Khokhlov, G.I. Chanisheva, O.M. Yaroshenko, and others. Target of research to consider remuneration as one of the guarantees of realization of the constitutional right to work. Article’s main body. The constitutional right to remuneration, as well as the right to work, is the most important socio-economic right of a person and a citizen, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal acts and laws of Ukraine, which allows everyone to receive fair remuneration for their work. Despite the fact that the right to remuneration is constitutional, there are still many cases when this right is not respected and citizens are forced to apply to the authorities for protection, including non-payment or improper payment of wages. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The right to remuneration is characterized by the following features that determine its place in the system of constitutional human and civil rights enshrined in the Basic Law of Ukraine: a) is one of the fundamental human rights established by the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal acts and laws of Ukraine and recognized by most states the world; b) has economic and social components. The economic component is that a person can provide for himself and his family by means of subsistence. The social component is due to the fact that the state through a system of guarantees provides social assistance to workers and their families; c) is determined and guaranteed by the state through a system of legal guarantees; d) international normative legal acts, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, the European Social Charter (revised) of 1996, and conventions play an important role in the realization of the right to remuneration. International Labor Organization, etc.; e) is guaranteed not only for citizens of Ukraine, but also for foreigners and stateless persons who are on the territory of our state on legal grounds.

The Perception of Fair Remuneration as a Component of Sustainable Development

Sustainable development leads to the satisfaction of basic human needs, while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. The implementation of sustainable development principles in an organisation requires its transformation. The diversity of changes requires support from human capital management. It is essential to reach the foundations of the functioning of an organisation, encompassing the basic principles of its operation. The engagement of employees, which is necessary to follow the principles of sustainable development, implies the need to use a comprehensive set of instruments under the broadly conceived remuneration system. The basic criterion for its assessment is fairness.

Supporting the role and enabling the potential of community health workers in Bangladesh’s rural maternal and newborn health programs: a qualitative study

Background In the global journey towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), strong primary healthcare systems are essential. This includes the frontline health workers, the bedrock of which are community health workers (CHWs). In Bangladesh, this largely female workforce plays a critical role in health promotion and linking communities with the formal health care system. With the launch of the new national strategy on CHWs, and its ambitions around the implementation of harmonized systems of financing, certification, job harmonization, performance assessment and supportive supervision, it is important to reference the perceptions, experiences, needs and aspirations of CHWs themselves. Methods This qualitative exploratory study examines three UNICEF supported maternal and newborn health (MNH) programs in rural Bangladesh, with two districts sampled for each program. In-depth interviews were conducted with CHWs, community members, other health workers, and program managers. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, with a particular focus on the voice and experience of CHWs and the programmatic features that support them in serving their communities. Results Across all three programs, CHWs function as critical local agents for health promotion and referral whose recruitment from and support by the community, enhances their effectiveness. Regular communication and collaboration between CHWs and public-sector frontline workers were perceived as important in enabling their role in increasing the coverage of essential services. Support for structured systems of training, supervision and monitoring which encompass the support of referral decisions, was also apparent. Of particular note were the needs and aspirations of CHWs regarding work-life balance, job satisfaction and desire for professional development. These concerns emphasize the importance of flexibility in how the CHW workforce is configured such that roles, responsibilities and remuneration are keyed to experience and qualifications, and the dynamic needs and aspirations of CHWs over the life course. Conclusions As Bangladesh pursues its UHC agenda, CHWs are pivotal in linking underserved communities to the formal health system. Flexibility in the scope of CHW roles and responsibilities, as well as supportive supervision, regular training and fair remuneration, will optimize their contributions towards UHC and better MNH outcomes.