Faculty Of Pharmacy Research Articles

Polish Achievements in Bioactive Compound Production From In Vitro Plant Cultures

AbstractPlant cell and organ cultures are potential sources of valuable secondary metabolites that can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Phytochemical biosynthesis in various in vitro plant cultures, in contrast to that in planta, is independent of environmental conditions and free from quality fluctuations.Pharmaceutical application of plant biotechnology is of interest to almost all departments of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacology in Poland with a botanical profile (Pharmaceutical Botany, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmacology).This study discusses the advances in plant biotechnology for the production of known metabolites and/or biosynthesis of novel compounds in plant cell and organ in vitro cultures in several scientific centers in Poland.

EVALUATION OF ORO-DISPERSIBLE TABLETS (ARTEMETHER- LUMEFANTRINE AND AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE) USED FOR SOME COMMON CHILDHOOD DISEASES (MALARIA AND PHEUMONIA)

Background: Generic substitution of a brand of medicine for others, with the hope that they have the same therapeutic effect is difficult for health care providers and consumers.
 Aim: This study was able to evaluate the authenticity of label claim of eight samples of artemether-lumefantrine and two samples of amoxicillin trihydrate tablets available at Ogige market Nsukka and Ogbete main market, Enugu.
 Method: The following tests were carried out; hardness, friability, modified disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio and weight uniformity. The compliance of each sample to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) requirements were recorded.
 Results: The friability test showed that all the tablets passed the test with less than 1% friability loss. The mean hardness ranged from 1.65±0.47 to 5.35±0.67 kgf for artemether-lumefantrine tablets, while that of amoxicillin trihydrate tablets ranged from 4.00±0.93 to 6.10±0.91 kgf respectively. The tablet diameter and mean thickness of artemether-lumefantrine tablets ranged from 9.00±1.53 to 11.00±1.0 mm and 2.00±1.15 to 4.00±1.53 mm respectively, while that of amoxicillin trihydrate ranged from 8.00± 0.9 to 10.00±1.0mm and 3.00±2.08 to 4.00±1.53mm respectively. The disintegration time of artemether-lumefantrine tablets ranged from 1.50±0.1 to 3.52±0.01 min and 2.06±0.02 to 3.30±0.03 min for amoxicillin trihydrate respectively. The study discovered that several generic brands of artemether-lumefantrine and amoxicillin trihydrate tablets in Nigeria could be sub-standard products.
 
 Peer Review History: 
 Received: 28 June 2022; Revised: 1 August; Accepted: 5 September, Available online: 15 September 2022
 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
 Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
 Reviewers:
 Dr. Mohammad Bayan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box: 1 Philadelphia University 19392 Jordan, mbayan01@qub.ac
 Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
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Knowledge and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Among Pharmacy and Clinical Nutrition Students at King Saud University.

BackgroundInterprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare specialties is important to optimize patient outcomes and shape professional image toward teamwork and collaboration among healthcare professionals. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of IPE on pharmacy and clinical nutrition students’ knowledge in food–drug interactions and readiness for interprofessional learning.MethodsThis pre-post study was conducted at King Saud University between February and March 2020. We held an interprofessional workshop for pharmacy and clinical nutrition students. After we introduced the faculty members who would deliver the food–drug interactions session, the students took a seven-question quiz (total score = 7) to assess their knowledge about the basic concept of food–drug interactions before the session. After that, a 45-minute lecture was provided by a clinical pharmacy faculty member. Students from both disciplines worked on three clinical scenarios. After completing the assigned scenarios, the students retook the quiz to assess their knowledge after the workshop. In addition, student readiness was assessed using the 19-item Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS).ResultsA total of 48 students were included in this study. Overall, students’ mean scores in both colleges significantly increased after the workshop (p < 0.01). The mean RIPLS total scores (SD) for pharmacy students and clinical nutrition students were 80.6 (7.48) and 81.26 (6.96), respectively, out of a maximum possible score of 95. These scores indicated positive attitudes toward interprofessional learning in both groups.ConclusionPharmacy and clinical nutrition students’ knowledge regarding food–drug interaction improved after implementing the IPE session. Students also reported higher scores for interprofessional learning. This indicates their willingness to participate in future interprofessional learning activities. Roles and responsibilities domain scores were slightly lower among both groups. Simulation-based activities including profession role exchange can be added to traditional IPE sessions to improve this domain.

Pharmacists serve displaced Ukrainians on medical mission to Poland

Pharmacists and Touro College of Pharmacy faculty members Anastasiya Shor, PharmD, and Dipan Ray, PhD, RPh, recently completed a medical mission through International Medical Relief to Warsaw, Poland, where they spent a week caring for displaced Ukrainians in a 24-hour clinic at a large shelter. We asked them to tell us about it.

Knowledge and perception of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) among healthcare students at a selected public university in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Healthcare providers play an important role in improving the health of Inborn Error of Metabolism (IEM) patients. However, IEM knowledge level among local healthcare students has yet to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and perception of IEM among local healthcare students. An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 378 students across the Faculty of Health Science, Pharmacy and Dentistry from a selected public university in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. For knowledge, a score of 1 is assigned to each correct answer with a maximum total score of 14. Likert scale was used to determine their perception of IEM. The total mean score of IEM knowledge among healthcare students is 5.8. There was no significant difference of mean score of IEM knowledge among the students from the Faculty of Health Science (6.1 ± 2.7), Pharmacy (5.5 ± 2.6) and Dentistry (5.8 ± 2.8). However, the score of knowledge is observed to be significantly different by ethnicity, religion and family history of IEM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, students with experience of meeting an IEM patient and attending IEM classes scored higher than those with no experience (p < 0.05). Most of the healthcare students (89.5%) perceived their knowledge to be insufficient and very poor. Majority of the students from faculty of pharmacy (70.8%) agreed that the IEM course should be mandatory compared to health sciences and dentistry (p < 0.05). This study identified an overall inadequacy of knowledge of IEM among healthcare students. There is a pressing need to improve the IEM-related knowledge and awareness of Malaysian healthcare students. This can be accomplished by incorporating online classes that emphasizes the treatment and management of IEMs in the university curriculum.

ТРАЕКТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ИМЕНИ Н.Н. БУРДЕНКО

Abstract. Currently, educational organizations are focused on the needs of the labor market and this necessitates the definition of new conceptual approaches to the organization of career guidance. The implementation of career guidance work at the university is one of the factors determining the competitive advantages of graduates. Goal. Organization of a new form of career guidance work at the Faculty of Pharmacy of VSMU named after N.N. Burdenko through the introduction into the educational process of an educational and career guidance project developed jointly with employers. Materials and methods. The effectiveness of career guidance measures was monitored at the Faculty of Pharmacy of VSMU named after N.N. Burdenko. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the results of a survey of graduates on monitoring employment. The survey participants were graduates of the Faculty of Pharmacy in the period from 2017 to 2021 (168 students). Employers also participated in the study. Based on the results, a new model of career guidance was developed, aimed at familiarizing students with the production segment of pharmaceutical companies and their further employment. Results. Despite consistently high employment rates (84% - 86%), less than 5% of graduates go to work in pharmaceutical production. According to a survey of employers, the majority of respondents believe that a graduate of a specialty is able to solve all professional tasks qualitatively, 60% agree with the assessment of the educational program being implemented and support the concept of its modernization. Taking into account the high assessment of the graduate of the specialty of the Faculty of Pharmacy in the workplace and the low level of graduates working in pharmaceutical production, an educational and career guidance project was developed. Conclusion. The introduction of an educational and career guidance project at the Faculty of Pharmacy VSMU named after N.N. Burdenko will provide a qualitative new approach to the implementation of career guidance work at the university and will help other educational organizations in improving such work.

The relationship between social media addiction and family climate of the pharmacy faculty students in the shade of the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social media addiction and family climate in the shade of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, social media addiction was studied according to demographical features as the sub-goals of the study. The research group comprised 364 university students of the pharmacy faculty. Data were collected with the demographical information form, social media addiction scale and family climate scale. The results showed that there were negative correlations found between social media addiction and cognitive cohesion sub-dimension of family climate. But only cognitive cohesion predicted social media addiction significantly. Also, the findings indicated that the using ratios of social media accounts during the pandemic period were significantly increased. As a result of the study, the family relationships of the students were also examined within the scope of the pandemic period and their relationship with social media addiction was emphasised. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, family climate, social media addiction;

Gender inequity: Enough talk, time for action

While gender inequity has been shown to be an ongoing issue in the pharmacy profession, it has moved to the forefront due to increasing numbers of women in pharmacy. Two national organizations, American Pharmacists Association (APhA) and American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) convened a joint Gender Equity Task Force to examine this matter among social and administrative sciences pharmacy faculty. The Task Force launched a survey and conducted interviews, as well as held several forums to solicit recommendations. This commentary provides recommendations for pharmacy constituents and stakeholders regarding: training and programming, leadership and mentoring, policy, and expansion. The goal is for organizations and leadership to incorporate recommendations with the goal of closing the gap in gender inequity.

The Impact of Theoretical and Practical Guidance Regarding Metered Dose Inhaler Technique on Asthma Patients

Published on:August 2022Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2022; 14(3):327-332Original Article | doi:10.5530/jyp.2022.14.64 Authors: Sara Shahid1,2,*, Fahad Ahmed3, Gul Shahnaz1, Muhammad Saqlain1, Muhammad Ans4, Anosh Sana1, Abdul Nazer Ali5, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Abdul Jamil6, Asma Fareed Khan7,8, Saba Naeem9, Shakeel Ahmad9, Aiman Mahmood4,9, Qandeel Rafi9, Asifa Anwar2, Rabeel Khan2, Naeem Mubarak2 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN. 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PAKISTAN.3Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PAKISTAN.4University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PAKISTAN.5Department of Pharmacy Practice, Geethanjali College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.6Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, UniSZA, Besut, Terengganu, MALAYSIA.7Disciplines of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA. 8Children’s Hospital & University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, PAKISTAN. 9Department of Pharmaceutics, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PAKISTAN. Abstract: Background: Asthma is rapidly increasing globally. Inhalation therapy is the backbone for asthma management due to localized delivery and rapid onset of action. Currently, metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are the most widely prescribed and dispensed inhaler devices worldwide due to the advantage of portability, multiple dose delivery and better efficacy. Objectives: The current study aimed to access the effect of educational intervention on asthma patients’ competency regarding pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) technique. Methods: Asthma patients were recruited from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad, Pakistan. Inhaler technique steps based upon “National Asthma Education and Preventive Program” (NAEPP) criteria was set as evaluating tool to evaluate competency of asthma patients regarding MDI appropriate technique. Intervention involved educating study subjects (asthma patients) practically through placebo inhaler and theoretically through inhaler technique directed literature brochures. Pre intervention and post intervention inhaler technique competency was accessed and evaluated statistically. Results: Among 207 asthma patients, majority were never instructed by healthcare professional regarding inhaler technique (78.8%). However, most of the patients were observed to have inadequate inhaler technique (76.3%) at baseline. As the result of educational intervention, the competency of patients regarding inhaler technique was significantly enhanced from 11.6% pre-intervention to 34.8% post-intervention (p<0.001), statistically analyzed by McNemar testing. Conclusion: Originally, inhaler technique competency of majority of asthma patients was observed to be inappropriate. However, educational intervention proved to be effective in substantially enhancing the competency of study subjects regarding MDI technique. Keywords: Asthma, Inhalation therapy, Metered-dose inhalers, Educational intervention, National Asthma Education and Preventive Program.

Anticancer activities of sewewanua leaf extracts (Clerodendrum fragrans (Vent.) Wild) againts A549 lung cancer cell

Cancer is one of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases in the world. In 2015, about 8.8 million cancer deaths worldwide and lung cancer was the most common type of cancer and the highest cause of death. Therapy for lung cancer can be either conventional therapy or molecular targeted therapy still has many limitations. It is therefore important to explore new sources of anticancer activity, including those from plants. One plant that is thought to have anticancer activity is Sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd. Syn. Clerodendrum chinense [Osbeck] Mabb. Family Lamiaceae). This research is a laboratory experiment. The sample used is the C. fragrans leaves obtained in Malalayang I Timur Village, Malalayang District, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province, while the subjects in this study were A549 lung cancer cells from Cell-Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. Anticancer activity test was using the MTT Tetrazolium Assay Method. Data in the form of a percentage (%) inhibition of cell proliferation, then determined the value the concentration of 50% proliferation inhibition (IC50) using a computer program online.

A Systematic Approach to Providing COVID-19 Vaccinations in the Community by Student Pharmacists.

Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students and faculty at University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) were highly motivated to support local and regional COVID-19 vaccination efforts, which began in January 2021. A system was created to streamline requests for SSPPS volunteers, maximize opportunities for student learning and engagement, and ensure adherence to pharmacy practice standards and laws in the process of assisting with vaccination efforts in the community. An existing model for approving student organized events was modified to fit additional needs for COVID-19 vaccination efforts by SSPPS students and faculty. For each event, students completed a standardized form containing event details including location, date, time, pharmacist preceptors, and duties. All requests were screened by designated SSPPS faculty to ensure student safety, availability, and feasibility. After each event, students and faculty completed a unique online form designed to track volunteer hours. Students received course credit for volunteering and completing a standardized self-reflection. Comments from students’ reflections (n = 74) were analyzed to identify common challenges. Between 11 January 2021 and 31 May 2021, SSPPS faculty and students volunteered for 245 shifts, totaling 1346 h. Students encountered several logistical challenges, such as availability of vaccines. The system utilized allowed for SSPPS students and faculty to play an integral role in COVID-19 vaccination efforts throughout the region.

Penyuluhan Penggunaan Dan Penyimpanan Vitamin C Kepada Pkk Rw 02 Dan 09 Kecamatan Panyileukan Bandung

Vitamin C has a very important role related to various processes that occur in the body, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit all countries in the world for 2 years, this vitamin is much sought after. Vitamin C plays a role in maintaining and making the body's immune system work more optimally, helping the process of forming protein, collagen, and helping to increase iron absorption in the body. The occurrence of panic buying in the community with the stockpiling of vitamin C products which has an impact on the high price of the vitamin, so that the vitamin is in short supply. In fact, you can get vitamin C by consuming foods that contain vitamin C. With the rampant accumulation of vitamin C with storage for too long it will affect the levels of vitamin C itself, and excessive consumption of vitamin C will have a bad impact on the body. For this reason, so that people understand the importance of using Vitamin C correctly and how to store Vitamin C, community service is carried out which will be provided through counseling to PKK cadres RW 02 and RW 09 Panyileukan Bandung. The method used is to conduct an offline webinar to related PKK cadres on the use and storage of vitamin C with speakers from the lecturers of the pharmacy faculty.

A pilot study on the use of the nominal group technique to refine core pharmacy roles and to determine what competencies may be missing from pharmacy education

IntroductionTo describe the use of the nominal group technique (NGT) to refine pharmacy core roles and to compare these roles with current pharmacy outcomes and other literature to highlight potential deficiencies. MethodsThe NGT process was used for this proposal review. The process was conducted in four key stages: silent generation, round-robin, clarification, and voting. A convenience sampling of five pharmacy faculty and administrators that have researched the areas of practice-readiness and pharmacy competencies formed the panel of participants for the NGT process. ResultsStudy findings offer seven core roles that define pharmacists' scope of practice: knowledge, patient care skills, professional, scholar, system-based practice/manager, collaborator, and advocate/health promoter. Development of these core roles revealed several missing pharmacy competencies or ones only covered in optional learning objectives: conflict management, professional advocacy, scholarship, empathy, personal health, transitions of care, health outcomes, quality improvement, and health insurance. ConclusionsThe development of pharmacy roles is one way to ensure students are adequately prepared for pharmacy practice following graduation. Mapping of competencies to core professional roles would allow schools/colleges of pharmacy to have one cohesive document to guide pedagogical and assessment practice. More research and consensus building will be needed before these core roles could be disseminated more broadly.

Establishment and Biochemical Characterization of a Multidrug-resistant Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL-60/CDDP

The present study reports on the establishment, validation and biochemical characterization of a novel chemoresistant variant of the HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line developed at the Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy at the Faculty of Pharmacy of MU-Sofia. Selection of the chemoresistant strain (HL-60/CDDP) has been carried out by prolonged serial exposures of the parent chemosensitive HL-60 cell line to gradually increasing concentrations of the metal complex. In its final variant, the resultant HL-60/CDDP test system showed significantly altered chemosensitivity profiles to the Pt(II)-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and was maintained in an RPMI-1640 medium containing 25 μM cisplatin. The promyelocytic cells also showed diminished susceptibility to differentiation therapy with arsenic trioxide As2O3. The emergence of the multiresistant phenotype is suggested to be most likely due to common biochemical properties of the screened compounds, including their strong affinity and high reactivity with sulfhydryl SH-groups. The presented study is focused on elucidating the multidrug resistance patterns in the newly established leukemic model that can be used as a potential test system for exploring the drug-resistance reversal capacity of various drugs and experimental compounds.

"Comparative Analysis of Salivary Cellular Composition in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease"

Yordanova М1*, Gerova D1 and Galunska-Kalcheva B2 Author Affiliations 1Department of Clinical laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Bulgaria 2Department of biochemistry, Molecular medicine and nutrigenomics, Faculty of pharmacy, Medical University, Bulgaria Received: July 22, 2022 | Published: July 28, 2022 Corresponding author: Yordanova М, Department of Clinical laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Bulgaria DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.45.007197

European Association of Faculties of Pharmacy (EAFP) Conference Proceedings 2022

We are pleased to confirm the publication of the EAFP Conference Proceedings 2022 Abstracts.

Role of a Simulation Workshop Training in the Preanalytical Phase in Medical Biology: Experience of the Biochemistry Laboratory of the University Hospital of Tangier – Morocco

Introduction: In order to fight against preanalytical errors, a simulation workshop around the requirements of this phase was carried out by the team of the biochemistry laboratory of the university hospital of Tangier Tetouan Alhoceima. Newly recruited nurses in oncology, hematology and the sampling center benefited from this training. Material and Methods: The course of this workshop took place in the premises of the center of clinical simulation and educational innovation in health sciences of the faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Tangier (Tangier'Sim Center). The beneficiaries were 19 nurses divided into two groups. The practical part was performed on low-fidelity procedural dummies. Two questionnaires were completed pre and post training. Results and Discussion: Knowledge of the requirements and best practices of the pre-analytical phase improved significantly after this workshop, both in terms of preparing the patient and taking the sample. This approach is an original tool for training and familiarization with good practices for peripheral venous sampling, in particular the vacuum sampling system. And above all an opportunity to discuss the different requirements with a category of professionals very involved in their daily practice in the preanalytical phase. Conclusion: This experience resulted in the development of a leaflet on good practices for peripheral venous sampling which is part of the quality approach in the medical biology laboratory.

Building a Medical Family: Family Sculpting in Graduate Medical Education

Introduction: Family sculpting has been used as a clinical technique for decades within the psychotherapy community to uncover, process, and improve upon the implicit patterns of interaction and communication that permeate the lives of family members. However, even though this technique has been broadly applied to various couple and family populations within the clinical practice of family therapy, its application has essentially been non-existent outside of this venue.&#x0D; Method: The following article describes the utilization of family sculpting as a bonding technique for a group of family medicine and clinical pharmacy residents, faculty physicians, and upper administration during a yearly organizational retreat.&#x0D; Results: Not only was the technique well received by the healthcare team as a whole, as evidenced by a post retreat survey, there were also several noteworthy examples of the sculpting process highlighting and addressing relational tension within the residency cohort (i.e., second year medical resident) and within administration (i.e., chief executive officer) that ultimately lead to greater team cohesion afterwards.&#x0D; Discussion: While the application of the technique in a medical/educational context can be considered a unique contribution of the article, more so are the specific augmentations made to the technique itself that increases its value as an academic and organizational development tool.

Development and perceptions of an academic success tool for pharmacy students.

Some students may face challenges with graduate-level reading and writing, particularly in certain active learning pedagogies, such as team-based learning or peer instruction, which require extensive pre-reading. The objective of this study is to determine the perceived utility of an academic literacy (reading/writing) test for first professional year student pharmacists (P1s). In a collaboration between pharmacy and linguistics faculty, an academic literacy assessment tool was developed using fall P1 course materials. After pilot testing and adjustments, the revised test was administered to all P1 students by trained facilitators, then scored. Students needing literacy support were identified, met with individually to debrief on the assessment, and offered a year-long, one-on-one tutoring program. P1 faculty participated in an end-of-semester focus group session to determine whether the assessment correctly identified students who benefited from literacy support, and to decide on the impact of subsequent support. Thematic analysis was performed on the data. A total of 13 students were identified as at-risk through the assessment. Since tutoring was optional, eight students met at least once, and two students met weekly during the ensuing semester. Faculty from the end-of-semester focus group 1) stated that the assessment accurately pre-identified students who struggled with literacy components of P1 coursework, and 2) expressed a wish for earlier identification of students with required instead of optional tutoring. Faculty perceived that the tool accurately identified students, but the timing and the volunteer nature of the follow-up tutoring limited the success of the assessment effort.

Rethinking the Pharmacy Workforce Crisis by Exploring Unconventional and Emerging Career Pathways and Training

Given the limited availability of conventional pharmacy positions, pharmacy programs face a challenge in ensuring that all graduates obtain jobs that fulfill their goals and ambitions. Thus, it is imperative to explore and discuss unconventional but promising positions, specifically regarding their availability and needs. In exploring these positions, it is important to recognize technical and nontechnical skill sets that pharmacy graduates possess at graduation, identify unique pathways to help students explore job alternatives, and educate faculty and students about employment opportunities beyond the traditional setting if desired or necessary. Students must become aware of the opportunities that exist in both conventional (pharmacist clinician) and unconventional (pharmacist innovator) pharmacy careers and be able to articulate the translational skills from their training. Pharmacy programs and faculty can better support students by fostering the development and marketing of their skills.