Facet Design Research Articles

Facet design promotes electroreduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide on palladium nanocrystals

Highly selective electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to valuable chemical products is a crucial approach to alleviate the energy crisis. To date, some noble metal based heterogeneous catalysts such as Pd exhibit high activity for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. However, few systematic studies of the active reaction site of these catalysts have been reported. This paper describes the facet effect on Pd nanocrystals with the same size for CO2 electroreduction. The surface structure of Pd catalysts enclosed with {3 1 0}, {1 0 0} and {1 1 1} facets can be precisely controlled. The Pd concave cubes enclosed with high-index {3 1 0} facets show the highest CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 90.6%, compared with Pd cubes enclosed with {1 0 0} facets and Pd octahedrons enclosed with {1 1 1} facets. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the {3 1 0} facets of concave cubes boost the catalytic activity by facilitating the COOH∗ formation and the desorption of CO∗.

Shaping the light distribution with facet designs in lithium niobate nanowaveguides

The miniaturization of coherent light sources down to the nanoscale demands unrestricted freedom of designs enabled by full control of the material dimensions. One way to transfer bulky applications to the nanoscale is using nanowaveguides, which guide light confined to sub-micron mode sizes. In order to further develop nanowaveguide-based applications such as optical integrated circuits, spectrometers, or local light delivery, it is necessary to have full control of the out-coupled light distribution. Here, we show that the nanowaveguide (NW) facet geometry can be used to shape the light distribution. We experimentally show the influence of the facet in the emission spatial spectrum and, later, we theoretically investigate five different facet designs for shaping the emitted light spatial spectrum. These designs present a diversity of options for manipulating the light distribution. For instance, one design shows large angular light deflection (more than 80° in the radial direction), which is relevant for integrated circuits. A second design shows homogeneous spreading across the normal direction with azimuthal selectivity, which is suitable for local light delivery applications since it acts like a point-source at the facet of the nanowaveguide.

Analisis Generalisabilitas Multi Faset pada Instrumen Penalaran Matematika SMP

The aims of this study is to determine the internal consistency or reliability coefficient of the developed mathematics reasoning instruments in Junior High School by using generalizability theory multi facet, px(i:r). The instrument are consisting 5 indicator which each of that are valued by each rater . This research method is three-way analysis of variance of multi facet design on G-Study by which the variance comonents are person, rater, item and the interaction between person and items, and the error. Both of G-Study and D-Study design is nested design. The result shows that the coefficient of G-Study is 0.66898. Hence, the next step is using those coefficient for D-Study analysis which lead the conclusion that mathematics reasoning instrument has satisfied the level of observation on large facet and its coefficient is 0.73834 or 74%. To sum up, raters have to use the indicators of reasoning instrument which consist of 1,2,3,4 and 5 components. The design of P x (I:R) - I Random, R Fixed (P = 30, R = 5 dan I = 4) has been satisfied the minimum criteria of conclusion which has been reach 0.70.

An Efficient Survivable Design With Bandwidth Guarantees for Multi-Tenant Cloud Networks

In cloud data centers (DCs), where hosted applications share the underlying network resources, network bandwidth guarantees have shown to improve predictability of application performance and cost. However, recent empirical studies have also shown that often DC devices and links are not all that reliable and that failures may cause service outages, rendering significant revenue loss for the affected tenants, as well as the cloud operator. Accordingly, cloud operators are pressed to offer both reliable and predictable performance for the hosted applications. While much work has been done on solving both problems separately, this paper seeks to develop a joint framework by which cloud operators can offer both performance and availability guarantees for the hosted tenants. In particular, this paper considers a simple model to abstract the bandwidth guarantees requirement for the tenant and presents a protection plan design which consists of backup virtual machines (VMs) placement and bandwidth provisioning to optimize the internal DC traffic. We show through solid motivational examples that finding the optimal protection plan design is highly perplexing, and encompasses several constituent challenges. Owing to its complexity, we decompose it into two subproblems, and solve them separately. First, we invoke a placement subproblem of the minimum number of backup VMs and then we explore the most efficient correspondence between backup and primary VMs (i.e., protection plan) which minimizes the bandwidth redundancy. Further, we study the design of various facets of such a plan by exploiting bandwidth sharing opportunities in multi-tenant cloud networks.

Fabrication and enhanced CO2 reduction performance of N-self-doped TiO2 microsheet photocatalyst by bi-cocatalyst modification

Exploiting advanced photocatalyst to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) into solar fuels is important. In particular, the combined improvement in visible-light harvesting ability, charge separation and utilization efficiency is essential to enhance photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. Herein, N-self-doped anatase TiO2 (NT) microsheets with proper coexposed {101} and {001} facets were first prepared via simple hydrothermal method using HF as capping agent and TiN as precursor. Then, the exposed {101} and {001} facets of the as-prepared NT microsheets were further modified by simultaneous photodeposition of Ag and MnOx nanoparticles (NPs), respectively. The resulting Ag and MnOx co-modified NT microsheets showed good visible-light absorption ability, excellent charge separation, and utilization efficiency and consequently exhibited the highest visible-light photocatalytic CO2 reduction rate to methanol (0.53μmolh−1g−1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic modification of the visible-light harvesting ability of nitrogen doping, as well as charge separation and utilization efficiency by the combination of proper facet design and cocatalyst deposition together with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect induced by Ag. TiO2 modification techniques may shed some light on the future development of advanced visible-light-driven photocatalysts.

High-speed 405-nm superluminescent diode (SLD) with 807-MHz modulation bandwidth.

III-nitride LEDs are fundamental components for visible-light communication (VLC). However, the modulation bandwidth is inherently limited by the relatively long carrier lifetime. In this letter, we present the 405 nm emitting superluminescent diode (SLD) with tilted facet design on semipolar GaN substrate, showing a broad emission of ~9 nm at 20 mW optical power. Owing to the fast recombination (τe<0.35 ns) through the amplified spontaneous emission, the SLD exhibits a significantly large 3-dB bandwidth of 807 MHz. A data rate of 1.3 Gbps with a bit-error rate of 2.9 × 10-3 was obtained using on-off keying modulation scheme, suggesting the SLD being a high-speed transmitter for VLC applications.

Development and psychometric properties of a health knowledge test on six chronic conditions

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a health knowledge test on common chronic conditions in the general population. MethodsOperationalization based on a facet design led to 108 knowledge items on six conditions: cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal system conditions, depression, and chronic pain. We refined the items (qualitative study 1; N=20) and selected the items by applying a mixed Rasch model (study 2; N=861). The psychometric properties (Study 3; N=4144) of the remaining 24 items were tested using exploratory (split sample N=2110) and confirmatory factor analyses (split sample N=2034). Results108 items were refined within study 1, 24 of which were selected in study 2. In study 3, a general health knowledge factor was confirmed based on six subscales on specific conditions. Convergent validity was confirmed by the overlap of health knowledge with education and perceived health knowledge. ConclusionThe development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a health knowledge test on six common conditions will improve future research on health knowledge. Practical implicationsChronic conditions present a challenge; assessing the level of health knowledge is the first step to prevent and to cope with these conditions.

(040)‐Crystal Facet Engineering of BiVO4 Plate Photoanodes for Solar Fuel Production

A (040)‐crystal facet engineered BiVO4 ((040)‐BVO) photoanode is investigated for solar fuel production. The (040)‐BVO photoanode is favorable for improved charge carrier mobility and high photocatalytic active sites for solar light energy conversion. This crystal facet design of the (040)‐BVO photoanode leads to an increase in the energy conversion efficiency for solar fuel production and an enhancement of the oxygen evolution rate. The photocurrent density of the (040)‐BVO photoanode is determined to be 0.94 mA cm−2 under AM 1.5 G illumination and produces 42.1% of the absorbed photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency at 1.23 V (vs RHE, reversible hydrogen electrode). The enhanced charge separation efficiency and improved charge injection efficiency driven by (040) facet can produce hydrogen with 0.02 mmol h−1 at 1.23 V. The correlation between the (040)‐BVO photoanode and the solar fuel production is investigated. The results provide a promising approach for the development of solar fuel production using a BiVO4 photoanode.

Faceted Monopile Design Suitable for Mass Production and Upscaling

There is a growing need for cheaper, more sustainable energy sources and this calls for optimisation of energy harnessing systems. Offshore wind energy has been highlighted as one of the more promising energy sources and in this application, the foundation structure for a typical installation contributes significantly to the overall levelised cost of energy. With this in mind, a faceted monopile foundation design and the review of its critical evaluation is presented. This type of design lends itself well to mass production and upscaling, both factors seen to reduce the overall cost of gathered energy. The evaluation of the design is performed through comparison with a conventional, circular monopile design. The comparison is undertaken using conventional design criteria as outlined by the DNV standards body. A finite element model was used to evaluate the structural performance of the designs. It is shown that the faceted design has a higher fatigue resilience than the conventional round design. Also, the fatigue damage caused to the monopile during pile driving installation is estimated from the conducted scaled down test where a series of strain gauge signals were collected to allow for stress measurement at specific points of interest. The feasibility of the proposed faceted monopile design is supported based on this critical evaluation.

The development of a questionnaire on metacognition for students in higher education

Background Interest in the role of metacognition has been steadily rising in most forms of education. This study focuses on the construction of a questionnaire for measuring metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive regulation and metacognitive responsiveness among students in higher education and the subsequent process of testing to determine its validity. Purpose The aim of the study was to construct an original instrument for measuring features of metacognition, henceforth referred to as the Awareness of Independent Learning Inventory (AILI), and further to establish the similarities and differences between this model and existing instruments for measuring metacognition. Sample The AILI questionnaire was distributed to 1058 students in various types of Teacher Training Institutes in the Netherlands and Belgium. The abridged English version of the questionnaire was administered to another sample of 729 students reading Economics and Business Administration at the University of Maastricht in the south of the Netherlands. Design and methods The AILI instrument was constructed on the basis of a facet design along two dimensions: components of metacognition and topics of concern to students in higher education. The data gathered with the instrument was analyzed by means of a generalisability study and a decision study, respectively. The validity of the instrument was investigated by using confirmatory factor analysis. Results The generalisability study showed that the reliability of the instrument was satisfactory. The decision study revealed that the number of items included in the questionnaire could be reduced substantially by leaving out two components of one of the dimensions in the facet design, without losing too much generalisability. The validity study showed that there was a considerable level of congruity between parts of the AILI questionnaire and the relevant parts of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Conclusions The AILI questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring metacognitive knowledge, regulation and responsiveness. It is suitable for use in the evaluation of the effects of interventions that purport to increase metacognitive knowledge, regulation and responsiveness of students in higher education.

FACETS: A cognitive business intelligence system

A cognitive decision support system called FACETS was developed and evaluated based on the situation retrieval (SR) model. The aim of FACETS is to provide decision makers cognitive decision support in ill-structured decision situations. The design and development of FACETS includes novel concepts, models, algorithms and system architecture, such as ontology and experience representation, situation awareness parsing, data warehouse query construction and guided situation presentation. The experiments showed that FACETS is able to play a significant role in supporting ill-structured decision making through developing and enriching situation awareness.

Does Design Contribute to Ease of Use: An Exploratory Study of Web Facets in The Result Pages of Two Search Engines

An exploratory study was conduced to examine the design aspects of Web facets found in the search result pages of two search engines: Exalead and Excite. The goal of the study was to determine if Web facet design could contribute to perceived ease of use. This study builds upon findings from an earlier study (Milonas, 2010) in which the results indicated that users perceived the Web facets evident in the search result pages of the Exalead search engine easier to use than those found in Excite. The researcher surmised that the design of these Web facets might have contributed to the difference in perceived ease of use. The relationship between design and user perception in determining the ease of use of Web facets within these two search engines is explored. In the first component of the study, an expert inspection of the various design aspects of the search result pages of Exalead and Excite was conducted. In the second part of the study, five participants conducted an experiment using the Web facets found in the search result pages of the two search engines. Findings of both the expert inspection and the usability evaluation showed that there does not seem to be a significant difference in the design of Web facets within the two search engines. The findings seem to indicate that design of Web facets is not a contributory factor in terms of Web facet ease of use.

The SuperCrescent Diamond Knife

Diamond blades have been used extensively in cataract surgery but their routine use in glaucoma surgery has been limited owing to the lack of controlled sharpness. The SuperCrescent knife is an ultrathin (100 μm) diamond blade that is an innovative modification of conventional blade design. Its pentium faceted trapezoidal design along with the square front surface area affords better control during dissection and has been used with success in both traditional trabeculectomies and nonpenetrating glaucoma procedures.

Gender differences in adolescents’ out-of-school literacy practices: A multifaceted approach

The present study examined the out-of-school literacy activities of 70 students in 7th grade of prevocational training schools in the Netherlands. Guttmann’s Facet Theory was applied to study literacy as a complex, multifaceted phenomenon. With the increasing influence of digital technologies, the facet design approach was found especially suited to track the many changes occurring in presentation modalities, functions, and productive versus consumptive uses of literacy. The study shows that the facet approach was useful in pinpointing how these shifts in literacy engagement turn out differently for boys and girls. Based on self-reports via an Internet questionnaire, the study shows that girls outscored boys in every aspect of literacy, including computer and Internet based literacy practices. However, while among girls a more balanced profile was found regarding the engagement in traditional and new literacy practices, the boys reported a high preference for the new digital media. Moreover, we found that girls, compared to boys, used new literacy activities more often for educational purposes. The findings suggest that, given this more balanced profile, girls, compared to boys, are less at risk of losing touch with traditional print-based educational literacy in school.

A polyhedral study of the network pricing problem with connected toll arcs

AbstractWe consider the problem of setting revenue‐maximizing tolls on a subset of arcs of a transportation network, assuming that the users of the network are assigned to shortest paths with respect to the sum of tolls and initial costs. Our main results are concerned with a polyhedral study of the problem, i.e., the design of valid inequalities and facets for this pricing problem and some of its variants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010

A College as a Lever for Graduates Settling in the Region: A Case Study of the College of Judea and SamariaNitza Davidovitch is the Director of Academic Development and Assessment at Ari'el University Centre, Israel. Dan Soen is a Professor of Sociology & Anthropology at Ari'el University Centre, Israel and an Emeritus Professor at The Kibbutzim School of Education, Tel

A College as a Lever for Graduates Settling in the Region: A Case Study of the College of Judea and SamariaNitza Davidovitch is the Director of Academic Development and Assessment at Ari'el University Centre, Israel. Dan Soen is a Professor of Sociology & Anthropology at Ari'el University Centre, Israel and an Emeritus Professor at The Kibbutzim School of Education, Tel

Ab initio determination of Ehrlich–Schwoebel barriers on Cu{111}

Using the density-functional-theory based ab initio method, the authors determine the Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier as a function of step thickness. The prototype material system is a Cu⟨110⟩ step of B type on a {111} surface. The calculation results show that the diffusion barrier of an adatom is 0.06eV on a flat Cu{111} surface, 0.16eV down a monolayer step, 0.39eV down a two-layer step, and 0.40eV down a multiple-layer step. The results, particularly the transition from 0.16to0.40eV, will have major impacts on the design of surface facets during synthesis of thin films and nanorods.

Application of the Finite Element Technique in the Design and Evaluation of the Artificial Facets for the Lumbar Spine

An experimentally validated three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the ligamentous L3–S1 segment was used to study the effects of artificial facet designs on the segment biomechanics (motion, facet loads, and stresses). The intact model was modified to simulate several artificial facet designs across the L4–L5 segment including capping with and without screws and pedicle screw based designs with sliding articulating surfaces. For the pedicle screw based design, the effect of increasing the connecting shaft thickness and increasing width surrounding the pedicle screw, butted against the vertebral pedicle for further support, was studied. All of the FE models were evaluated in response to 6 Nm moment in extension, flexion, bending, and rotation. The predicted increases in motion, compared to the intact case, were smaller. The predicted facet loads decreased up to 25.7% in extension and 25.1% in bending at the implanted level as compared to intact spine segment. For all of the loading modes, the stresses in both implant designs were less than the yield stress of titanium. Therefore, the implants are unlikely to fail. Additional cadaver and other experimental protocols are essential for the evaluations of the most appropriate designs identified through the FE investigations.

Planar comb filters based on aberration-free elliptical grating facets

A new approach for eliminating aberration effects through introduction of elliptical grating facets in optical comb filters is presented. Simulation results show remarkable improvements of comb filter performance for aberration-free elliptical facets compared to traditional flat facet designs. The proposed theory was validated through design and fabrication of 100-GHz-period planar silica-on-silicon comb filters for use in multiwavelength optical sources. Multimode interference structures were used to achieve both flat-top and Gaussian spectral comb filter responses. All devices showed high extinction ratio, low nonuniformity in insertion loss, and high degree of passband shape control.

Attachment Styles and the Ideal Image of a Mate

The study examines, within the framework of attachment theory, relationships of ideal images of young males with respect to their ideal image of a mate. A review of previous studies dealing with partner selection reveals the lack of a theoretical model that combines developmental processes and specific personality patterns with the process of creating an ideal image of the partner. The present study uses Facet Theory and Facet Design to construct a unified conceptual framework for the research in which attachment style and ideal image of the spouse are viewed as two modes of relating to one another. Intercorrelations among replies to the attachment and ideal image questionnaires were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). The results indicate a relation between attachment style, the subjects' ideal image of a mate and the ideal images of oneself and one's mother. As predicted, persons with a secure style tended to have high levels of flexibility in their descriptions of the ideal image of the spouse. Males with insecure attachment styles exhibited different relational patterns of ideal image of themselves and their mothers. The SSA results suggest a hierarchic relation between attachment styles and the ideal image of a mate. These findings are consistent with the understanding that attachment styles affect the character and quality of the individual's romantic relationships.