Raw Material Extraction Research Articles

Изучение токсичности отходов бурения методом биотестирования

The extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials has always been accompanied by a negative impact on environmental components. The object of the research is waste generated during the drilling process. The subject of the research is toxicity of drilling fluids for Daphnia magna. The urgency of the problem lies in solving the problem of their use and disposal. As a rule, these are multicomponent mixtures, which, when released into water bodies and soil cover, can exhibit toxic properties towards hydrobionts and pedofauna. The purpose of the research is to study the toxicity of drilling waste to the cladocera Daphnia magna. The objectives are as follows: to study the effect of drilling fluids on the survival of daphnia; determine the effect of the toxicant on the reproductive function of crustaceans. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of drilling waste on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. During the experiment, the effect on daphnia of the liquid phase of both the original drilling waste and in the dilution range of 1:1 – 1:100 was studied using biotesting. Acute and chronic toxicity (4 and 30 days, respectively) was assessed by changes in the survival and reproductive function of crustaceans. It has been determined that in a short experiment, by the 4th day of observation, 40 and 64 % of crustaceans survived in the variants with the maximum dilution (1:10 and 1:100, respectively) of the drilling fluid. In a chronic experiment, the survival rate of daphnia decreased in proportion to the substance content. The toxicity of drilling waste also manifested itself in disruption of the reproductive function of crustaceans: delayed onset of sexual maturity and a decrease in the total number of juveniles. Based on the conducted research, the following conclusions are obtained. Drilling fluids exhibit acute and chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna, reducing their survival by 40 % when the toxicant is diluted 10 and 100 times, respectively. The effect of drilling solutions on the reproductive function of crustaceans is manifested in the inhibition of the timing of puberty (by 2–3 days compared to the control variant) and the overall fertility of daphnia: the number of juveniles that has appeared by the 30th day of the experiment was lower than the control values by 33–50 % (depending on drilling fluid concentrations).

Vasyl Petruk, Andriy Polyvyanchuk, Galina Petruk, Kostyantyn Hura, Volodymyr Faichuk DECARBONIZATION AND ECOMODERNIZATION OF THE ECONOMY AS A RESOURCE-ENERGY-EFFICIENT WAY OF POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE

Global climate changes are taking place on our planet, which cause an increase in the average annual temperature of the atmospheric air, and, therefore, rapid melting of glaciers on all continents and an inevitable rise in the level of the world ocean. This, in turn, can lead to "environmental" wars, a brutal struggle for survival resources, and powerful migration processes. At the same time, one of the main reasons for such global changes and processes is the huge amount of emissions of greenhouse gases and soot particles into the surface layer of the atmosphere (troposphere), caused by anthropogenic and man-made activities, outdated energy-intensive technologies that involve the excessive extraction and use of carbon-containing raw materials, their burning and emission into the atmosphere. However, an alternative to this in post-war Ukraine can only be decarbonization and eco-modernization of its economy based, first of all, on renewable energy sources (in particular, the inexhaustible energy of the Sun), resource-saving, closed, recycling, emission-free and other modern innovative environmental protection and energy-efficient technologies. That is, humanity must definitely go on the path of "green" transformation of not only the economy, but also the greening of all other spheres of life (Hura, Petruk, 2021).

Maximizing Yield of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from White Turmeric Through Extraction Process Design

Designing the extraction process and the condition is very important for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the solid phase to obtain the highest yield. This is necessary due to the sensitivity of phenolic compounds to factors such as heat, oxidation, and degradation during the extraction process. The main objective of this study is to optimize the extraction process for phenolic compounds from raw materials and determine the ideal extraction conditions that result in a high yield of these compounds. White turmeric was selected as the investigated raw material and ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction (UAE) was used as the extraction technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken was applied for designing the UAE process in terms of three parameters (solid-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, and extraction temperature). Within the designed levels of solid-to-solvent ratio (0.2 to 1.0 g/10 ml), extraction time (20 to 180 min), and extraction temperature (20 to 70 °C), it is noticed that the extraction yield of phenolic compounds varied depending on the levels of those extraction process conditions. The extraction yield of phenolic compounds was low at the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1.0 g/10ml, the temperature at 20 °C, and extraction time at 20 min and it was high at the solid-to-solvent ratio (1.0 to 1.8 g/10ml), temperature (45 to 70 °C), and extraction time (100 to 180 min). However, based on the statical data and confirmation experiment, it was possible to obtain the highest yield of phenolic compounds of 9.0 mg GAE/g DW, extracting from white turmeric at UAE condition of 1.1 g/10 ml for solid-to-solvent ratio, 100 min for extraction time, and 45 °C for temperature. The result of this study may be helpful for the intensification of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction for phenolic compounds from agricultural products.

ОЦЕНКА СВЕРХНОРМАТИВНЫХ ПОТЕРЬ ПОЛЕЗНОГО ИСКОПАЕМОГО НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ ИЗВЕСТНЯКОВОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ

The article presents methodological provisions for the assessment of increased mineral losses during open-pit mining of deposits with difficult mining and geological conditions. As an example, the indicators of mineral losses during the development of the Kostanok site of the Chanvin deposit of limestones used for the production of caustic soda are given. The actual level of losses exce-eding 30 % of the volume of extraction of raw materials has been established. The main reasons for the increased limestone losses compared to the level justified by the project are outlined. It was found that during the detailed exploration of the limestone massif, karst zones and areas with a high clay content, lying in the form of «veins» in areas of increased fracturing, were not identified. As a result, as a result of blasting, the exploding quarried, clogged areas with pure limestone are mixed, its contamination to values exceeding those allowed by the project, which leads to the loss of balance reserves of minerals during excavation. Recommendations are given for calculating the level of losses during the development of complex faces, which are characterized by the intermittency of rocks with productive limestone strata and karst zones.

Статистичний аналіз національного ринку літій-іонних батарей та впливу агресії рф на його розвиток

The article focuses on the national market of lithium-ion batteries as an energy storage system. The impact of the consequences of the russian invasion of Ukraine on the dynamics of its development is determined. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic. The global and national context of market development is outlined, the importance of lithium-ion batteries as the leading technology of secondary batteries is emphasized. In the course of the study, the theoretical and methodological foundations of studying the market of energy storage systems are considered and an analysis of global trends in the development of the world battery market is carried out. Market segmentation is defined. The factors influencing the development of the world market, restraining or accelerating growth are analyzed. An analysis of the national market within the production chain has been carried out. The prospects for the extraction of raw materials, their primary processing, production of battery components (cathode, anode) are separated; the full cycle of production of batteries and final products is considered. The steps taken by Ukraine for the development of the market are considered. The strategic prospects for interaction with the European Battery Alliance (EBA) in order to create a closed ecosystem in the field of batteries within the European Union are highlighted. Data from UN Comtrade, a database of United Nations merchandise trade statistics, was used to statistically analyze imports of lithium-ion batteries into Ukraine. The value of the trend (as an additive component of the time series) of the national market has been allocated using local linear regression by the Friedman method. The practical implementation of this method was carried out using the R Studio software product. Absolute and relative parameters of market dynamics have been determined. The statistics for 2022 as the year of the beginning of the russian aggression against Ukraine are considered; the features and impact of the war on the dynamics of the development of the lithium-ion battery market are determined. It is determined that Ukraine demonstrated outstripping global market growth rates before the start of the war and abnormal consumption in 2022. The carried out research allowed to highlight the consumer nature of the national market, on the one hand, and the global prospects of Ukraine as a player in the production chain, on the other.

Towards plastics circular economy: sustainability assessment of mono-material design for recycling

Plastic pollution is a pressing global concern due to its severe environmental impacts. Thus, the adoption of sustainable practices in product design and end-of-life management has become paramount towards a plastic's circular economy. This study delves into the transformative potential of design for recycling by examining the replacement of a multi-material skillet lid with a mono-material plastic injected solution featuring opaque and translucent zones. Through a life cycle cost and life cycle assessment, this research evaluates and compares the environmental and economic implications of both solutions. The analysis encompasses crucial life cycle phases, including raw material extraction and transformation, manufacturing, and end-of-life. The results highlight the considerable benefits of the mono-material design approach, particularly enhanced recyclability and a reduction of 31.39% and 10.97% of the total environmental and economic impact, respectively. Additionally, the environmental impact further reduces when considering a potential waste management scenario for 2035 defined based on European directives. This research not only contributes to the field of life cycle engineering by emphasizing the economic and environmental advantages of the mono-material design for recycling in a particular application but also fosters informed sustainable decision-making within the plastics industry. Furthermore, this study underscores the utmost importance of adopting design for recycling to foster a plastics circular economy.

Sustainability implications of establishing a circular European supply chain of battery materials

The increasing number of electric vehicles worldwide leads to strategic challenges in designing battery supply chains. More sites for raw material extraction, battery production, and recycling will be needed to fulfill the future battery demand and the legislative goals regarding recycling rates, recycled content, CO2-limits, and social standards from the European Union for sustainable batteries. Battery manufacturers must also design their supply chains cost-efficiently to compete with non-European battery manufacturers. The environmental and socio-economic impacts of supply chains depend significantly on the supply chain design, which is expected to change in the upcoming years. Therefore, this study aims to investigate battery supply chains in the status quo and 2035 regarding all three sustainability dimensions using the life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). The status quo is modelled based on current market shares and without circular supply chains. For 2035, circularity is added with secondary materials in the production and more European-centered supply chains by moving the cell production and the recycling fully to Europe. The results provide insights into the design of sustainable battery supply chains. They highlight that moving a big part of the supply chains to Europe has a more significant influence on the environmental, social, and economic impacts than the circularity of materials. However, the results depend on the current supply chain design and future developments of products and processes as well as the electricity mix.

Life Cycle Assessment of Water Treatment Plant Using Open LCA Software

Abstract: India is bearing from one of the world's worst national water crises. More than 50% of the population from India has no access to safe drinking water. The production of potable water from surface water includes several processes, energy consumption, and chemical dosing. Yet, the water treatment industry may be responsible for significant global environmental impacts, the most common amongst which are the depletion of natural resources and indirect release of pollutants into the water, land, and air through chemicals and energy consumption. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that could be used to generate information on the environmental impacts of water treatment systems. Hence this study identifies the impact of WTP Miraj by using the LCA approach to determine the holistic profile. Impacts were assessed for construction phase and operational phase by considering the emissions from raw material extraction, manufacturing and use.

Анализ грейферной выемки волокнистого торфяного сырья

The purpose of the study was to confirm the possibility of implementing the operations of the working cycle of mining equipment with the determination of the range of forces required to introduce the elements of the grab into the deposit and close the jaws in the massif, taking into account the design features of the grab. Research methodology. A series of field studies was carried out using full-scale models of the working bodies of a fork grab in the conditions of a peat deposit to confirm the possibility of implementing the process of extracting raw materials of a low degree of decomposition. Results. It has been established that the average value of the force required overcoming the resistance to the introduction of the grab model: on the site with magellanicum peat – 44.4 kN, with fuscum-peat – 61.5 kN. The average value of the normal stress when immersed in an array of a clamshell equipment element, taking into account the end surface area, is 89 kPa for: magellanicum peat, 123 kPa for fuscum-peat. The average value of the total deformation modulus in the natural occurrence of a peat deposit is 116 kPa for magellanicum peat and 126 kPa for fuscum-peat. The rational distance between the teeth of the jaw model of the fork grab has been determined. With a distance between the teeth of the grab jaw model l=0.25 m, a single drawing body is formed when the captured area of the material is shifted. Conclusion. With the determination of the effort ranges for the implementation of the two main operations of the excavation process, as well as the establishment of the design features of the grab for surface excavation, it was concluded that it is possible to use grab equipment for the surface extraction of fibrous peat raw materials.

Prospects for the effective use of fly ash in the technological processes of oil and gas production

The problem of efficient use of coal fly ash (CFA) is a global environmental problem that requires urgent attention and immediate action to address it. Research shows that huge amounts of CFA are generated every year, but only 25% of the waste is recycled. To overcome this alarming situation, there is a need to focus on increasing the use of coal ash in various industries. The promising uses of coal ash in construction, electronics, resource recycling, wastewater treatment, agriculture and other industries require further research. Of particular interest is the use of coal ash in industrial processes for the extraction of hydrocarbons. The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of ash, such as its morphology, surface area, porosity and chemical composition, make it an ideal material for various field processes. Increasing the use of coal ash in various industries and its use in industrial processes for the extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials will significantly increase the level of utilization and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Keywords: coal fly ash; CFA; waste; hydrocarbon production; polymer gels; polymer flooding; enhanced oil recovery; nanoparticles; foam compositions; cementing compositions.

Analytical Modeling of Eco-Friendly Concrete Blocks from Construction and Demolition Waste using ANSYS

This research underscores the feasibility of repurposing C&D waste, particularly old concrete, for both new construction endeavors and revamping existing projects. This approach offers a dual advantage: preserving precious landfill space while curbing the extraction of raw materials for fresh construction initiatives. Focusing on the utilization of demolished waste as partial replacements for coarse aggregates sourced from C&D Waste Traders in Sirjala, Bengaluru, 10 mm sized recycled aggregates are employed.
 Recognizing the porous nature of crushed aggregates owing to residual slurry, a meticulous treatment process is adopted. This includes two-stage treatment involving abrasion to eliminate residual loose slurry, followed by immersion in a fly ash solution with a concentration ratio of 1:6. Subsequently, these treated aggregates, after the curing process, are amalgamated with a robust geopolymer precursor in a mix ratio of 1:3:6 to fabricate 400X200X150 mm blocks.
 To gauge the masonry behavior of these innovative concrete blocks, a battery of tests conforming to ASTM codes is meticulously conducted. These evaluations serve as a robust assessment of the structural integrity, durability, and performance characteristics of the blocks, providing critical insights into their potential for widespread adoption in construction practices. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable construction materials and practices, advocating for a paradigm shift towards eco-friendly construction methodologies amidst the burgeoning challenges of waste management and resource scarcity.

Industrial potential of the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)

The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of various industries of the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War, aimed at providing raw materials to enterprises of the military-industrial complex and their own production aimed at improving the defense capabilities of the Soviet state. The relevance of the study was determined by the need to identify trends in the development of industry in the Kazakh Republic during the Patriotic War. The source base of the work was the works of Soviet, Russian and Kazakh authors, information from the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dedicated to the history of the Great Patriotic War. The peculiarities of technological production aimed at increasing labour efficiency in the coal, non-ferrous, oil, chemical and energy industries of the republic are given. The growth trends of the indicators of these industries are revealed. The main ones are: increase of raw materials extraction at Karaganda coal basin, construction of auxiliary industrial enterprises, such as brick, cement works, explosive materials plant, woodworking plant, etc. In non-ferrous metallurgy, growth of non-ferrous metal output during the war years increased manifold compared to the pre-war periods. In oil industry – growth of high-quality oil production in Western Kazakhstan. In the chemical industry – increase of the list of products through construction of new shops and workshops of the operating enterprises of the chemical industry of the republic. In the energy sphere – construction of new power stations from regional to industrial levels. It is concluded that the identified trends in industrial development in Kazakhstan during the Great Patriotic War were a definite contribution to the improvement of the defensive capability of the USSR and in its victory over Germany.

Assessment of the Ecological Footprint of Industrial Processes: An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis

The ecological footprint is crucial in assessing industrial processes and is essential for understanding their impact. The integrated approach to life cycle assessment is essential for studying these footprints. The scientific paper describes a comprehensive approach to assessing the environmental footprint of industrial operations using life cycle analysis. The study's goal is to examine the environmental implications of various stages in the life cycle of industrial products or processes. A life cycle analysis framework is provided, which encompasses all processes from raw material extraction to product manufacture and consumption, as well as waste and recycling possibilities. Each phase is evaluated in terms of energy use, material consumption, and environmental impact. Concrete steps for implementing an integrated approach to life cycle analysis in industrial environments are presented, as are examples of the methodology's implementation in various areas of production. The article emphasises the need for incorporating environmental considerations into decision-making processes and assists organisations in identifying opportunities for optimising and reducing their environmental footprint.

Analyzing the Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability of Prefabricated Components: Modeling and Case Study

The building industry has significant environmental, economic, and social impacts. The trend of construction industrialization to promote sustainable development is becoming increasingly evident. As an essential component of this process, prefabricated components provide a foundation for studying the sustainability of prefabricated buildings. This study proposes a life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) model involving environmental, economic, and social aspects to assess the sustainability of prefabricated components. The sustainability impacts on the raw material extraction and production, off-plant transport, material processing and component manufacturing, on-plant transport, and component storage stages are comprehensively assessed. The LCSA model is applied to four types of prefabricated components: interior wallboards, precast stairs, composite beams, and composite floor slabs. The results show that the precast stairs exhibit the highest sustainability score and that the performances of environmental, economic, and social pillars of four components are slightly different. These findings enhance our understanding of the sustainability of prefabricated components and broaden the scope of LCSA applications. The established sustainability assessment model is expected to help guide prefabrication scheme designs and production plan optimization, further encouraging the wider adoption of sustainable practices in construction.

Розмариновая кислота из Salvia stepposa и ее антирадикальная активность

применяются в народной медицине многих стран как лекарственное сырье. В настоящее время в Государственную фармакопею Республики Казахстан включен только Шалфей лекарственный (Salvia officinalis L.), однако в естественных условиях Центрального Казахстана этот вид не произрастает. В качестве замещающего растения нами предложен Шалфей степной (Salvia stepposa Des.-Shost.), широко распространенный на территории Республики Казахстан, имеющийся значительные сырьевые ресурсы и обладающий сравнительно выраженными антимикробными, противовоспалительными, антиоксидантными свойствами за счет мажорного компонента в своем составе фенилпропаноида розмариновой кислоты.Экстракция сырья впервые проведена различными методами с использованием ультразвуковой кавитации, микроволновой экстракции и мацерации с использованием водно-этанольных растворов. Методом ВЭЖХ проведено определение содержания розмариновой кислоты в сухих экстрактах шалфея степного. Максимальный выход экстрактов отмечен при микроволновой экстракции 40%-ным этиловым спиртом. Для последующей стандартизации лекарственных средств на основе шалфея степного нами был выделен и идентифицирован основной компонент — розмариновая кислота, которая обладает антирадикальной активностью.

Analysis of the development of the transport system taking into account natural and geographical factors (on the example of the city of Chernivtsi)

The article is devoted to determining the influence of natural and geographical factors on the transport structure in the conditions of urbanization. Transport has always played a significant role in the organization and development of territories, the level of transport provision reflected the status of the country, its importance in the world community. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the dependence of the transport structure on the natural conditions of the area and the geography of the region using the example of the city of Chernivtsi, to determine the conditionality of the features of building internal and external transport links in the urban space and beyond, and changes in the environment under their influence. The research methodology involves the involvement of general scientific and special methods, which allows us to consider the problem in different aspects, take into account the peculiarities of interdisciplinary issues in the field of urban planning and transport geography. The types of transport and the nature of the links between settlements, and in general the choice of the place where these settlements were founded, directly depended on the natural and geographical conditions of the area. The structure of urban development was formed on the basis of land and waterways. The streets duplicated directions to neighboring settlements or economic points of attraction (raw material extraction sites, trading posts, etc.). In the modern world, additional questions arise regarding the environmental aspects of the development of transport infrastructure - its impact on the environment and the quality of human life. This is especially true for large transport hubs that create a significant burden on the entire ecosystem due to the consumption of large amounts of energy, noise and light pollution, and chemical emissions. The adoption of the most adapted decisions on the nature of the traffic load in certain environmental conditions allows maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in a space that automatically passes to the status of an urbanized one. The city of Chernivtsi is indicative for Ukraine in terms of considering the relationship of the transport structure with the natural and geographical environment, since here the problem can be considered in temporal genesis, taking into account spatial changes - the transfer of transport hubs and main networks. In addition, Chernivtsi is positioned as a potential international transport hub based on a new airport, which will allow joining the international air transportation system. The most successful geographical position since the founding of the city on the trade route ensured the further development of the entire transport system. As a result, it was found that the main directions of economic relations and the transport networks served by them were laid down from the beginning of the formation of the city of Chernivtsi as an important stronghold on trade routes. Further, they developed due to the expansion of needs and new modes of transport (the consequences of technological progress). The tracing was determined by the location of neighboring settlements and the features of the terrain. In the city itself, the Prut became the main forming axis and significant differences in elevation marks on its right bank, which determined the nature of the development of the territory, the general street system. With the advent of the railway, it became necessary to create additional transport routes that were required to ensure its functioning. The construction of the airport also required the creation of an entrance to it by land transport. Automatically, all additionally involved territories were subject to gradual ordering, that is, they passed into the status of suburbanized. In recent years, there has been an urgent need to modernize the airport in Chernivtsi. Modern requirements for its equipment required the choice of another location - in the suburban area, which continues to develop the trend of suburbanization of new territories outside the city. The formation of a large transport hub based on the new airport will give impetus to the further development of the city, its inclusion in the international transport system in the field of air traffic. The rest of the transport structure is obliged to ensure its functioning. Taking into account natural and geographical factors will reduce the impact on the overall ecosystem of the territories, which is one of the most important requirements of our time. Keywords: transport system, natural and geographical factors, suburbanized space, transport hub, transport network.

Методика планирования экскаваторных работ в карьере на основе компьютерного моделирования

Introduction. In-pit excavators, which provide removal and loading of muck piles, are one of the main process links in the system of complex mechanization of open-pit mines. The level of mining operation intensity is determined by the arrangement of excavators in the open pit. Research objective. The research aims to develop a method of automated positioning of excavators at the production benches of the open pit mine. Methodology. Arrangement of in-pit excavators excavators at the production benches of the open pit mine is based on calculations, computer modeling and ia made with account of technical and operational parameters of the excavators, as well as estimation of the active front of mining operations. The main stage of solving the formulated problem is the construction of block models of the ore body, modeling of mining operations, and building a model of the open pit mine by the stages of the deposit development. Based on the results of block modeling, the optimal length of the excavator block at the production bench for the selected model of the face excavator is determined. Results. The article proposes a methodology for planning excavator operations in the open pit mine and positioning of the face excavators based on computer modeling of the mining operations progress with due account of the volume of rock mass handling on the open pit bench, the length of the active front, the mineral grade, the given rate of development, the accepted models of excavators and other attributive computer data. Based on the block model, the excavators are positioned on the production benches of the open pit mine. The proposed approach allows a prompt consideration of many options to arrange face excavators in the open pit ore mine in a semi-automatic mode and select the best option to increase the mining efficiency. Conclusions. The proposed methodology allows to promptly solve in a semi-automatic mode the issues of opening the lower levels of deep pits, to consider many options for placing face excavators in the ore pit and choose the best option, contributes to minimizing the operational risks in the development of complex-structured deposits and complex extraction of raw materials.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of SLS and mFFF Additive Manufacturing Techniques for the Production of a Metal Specimen.

This work is part of a research project aimed at developing a bio-based binder, composed mainly of polylactic acid (PLA), to produce Ti6Al4V feedstock suitable for use in MAM (Metal Additive Manufacturing) via mFFF (metal Fused Filament Fabrication), in order to manufacture a titanium alloy specimen. While in Bragaglia et al. the mechanical characteristics of this sample were analyzed, the aim used of this study is to compare the mentioned mFFF process with one of the most used MAM processes in aerospace applications, known as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. Despite the excellent properties of the products manufactured via SLS, this 3D printing technology involves high upfront capital costs while mFFF is a cheaper process. Moreover, the mFFF process has the advantage of potentially being exported for production in microgravity or weightless environments for in-space use. Nevertheless, most scientific literature shows comparisons of the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printing stage with other AM technologies, and there are no comparative LCA "Candle to Gate" studies with mFFF processes to manufacture the same metal sample. Therefore, both MAM processes are analyzed with the LCA "Candle to Gate" method, from the extraction of raw materials to the production of the finished titanium alloy sample. The main results demonstrate a higher impact (+50%) process for mFFF and higher electrical energy consumption (7.31 kWh) compared to SLS (0.32 kWh). After power consumption, the use of titanium becomes the main contributor of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) for both processes. Finally, an alternative scenario is evaluated in which the electrical energy is exclusively generated through photovoltaics. In this case, the results show how the mFFF process develops a more sustainable outcome than SLS.

Obtaining a food coating with bioprotective properties

In this study, the food coating's bioprotective properties were investigated. Currently, in the food industry, special attention is paid to the creation of fundamentally new packaging materials – non–toxic, capable of providing effective protection of the product from microbial contamination, exposure to oxygen in the air, to prevent the drying of the product during storage - including those applied to the surface of the product and eaten with it. The use of protective coatings in the production of meat semi-finished products allows you to improve the quality and appearance, and also allow you to preserve the freshness of meat semi-finished products. The aim of the work is to obtain a food coating with bioprotective properties and extracts of biologically active substances of plant raw materials. As the objects the objects of the study were used secondary collagen-containing raw materials of the meat industry (veins, tendons, fasciae released during the venation of beef in sausage and canning industries), dispersed forms of collagen proteins isolated from animal tissues by directed biomodification under the action of proteolytic enzyme preparations, CO2 extracts of medicinal plants and spices, and composite bases with their individual and sharing, obtained in the laboratory of the Department of Technology of Animal Products of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies and in the research institute of Food safety of the Almaty Technological University. The choice of CO2 extracts of plant raw materials as sources of natural antioxidants is due to their more pronounced antioxidant activity compared to extracts obtained on the basis of classical methods. The inclusion of antioxidants in the composition of food films increases the shelf life of the product, protecting it from oxidation and color change.

Unlocking the value of recycling scrap from Li-ion battery manufacturing: Challenges and outlook

The growing global trend toward mobile electrification is primarily driven by the rising popularity of electric vehicles, leading to an unprecedented surge in demand for lithium-ion batteries. As a result, the importance of battery recycling has become increasingly apparent. Battery recycling aims to recover valuable materials from both spent batteries and battery manufacturing scraps. By recycling these resources, the reliance on raw material extraction is reduced, which benefits resource conservation and minimizes the need for new mining operations. While significant attention has been given to the recycling of spent batteries, less emphasis has been placed on the recycling and recovery of battery scraps. However, it is important to recognize that many gigafactories are still taking steps to improve their manufacturing processes, and end-of-life batteries take approximately 10 years to become suitable for recycling, the manufacturing scraps will serve as the primary sources for recycling in this decade. This review delves into the progress in recycling technologies associated with battery manufacturing scraps, shedding light on the challenges, opportunities, and evolving perspectives surrounding battery manufacturing scrap recycling. We aim to contribute to the knowledge base of battery manufacturing scrap recycling and promote a more comprehensive understanding of the subject.