Maximizing Yield of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from White Turmeric Through Extraction Process Design

Abstract

Designing the extraction process and the condition is very important for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the solid phase to obtain the highest yield. This is necessary due to the sensitivity of phenolic compounds to factors such as heat, oxidation, and degradation during the extraction process. The main objective of this study is to optimize the extraction process for phenolic compounds from raw materials and determine the ideal extraction conditions that result in a high yield of these compounds. White turmeric was selected as the investigated raw material and ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction (UAE) was used as the extraction technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken was applied for designing the UAE process in terms of three parameters (solid-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, and extraction temperature). Within the designed levels of solid-to-solvent ratio (0.2 to 1.0 g/10 ml), extraction time (20 to 180 min), and extraction temperature (20 to 70 °C), it is noticed that the extraction yield of phenolic compounds varied depending on the levels of those extraction process conditions. The extraction yield of phenolic compounds was low at the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1.0 g/10ml, the temperature at 20 °C, and extraction time at 20 min and it was high at the solid-to-solvent ratio (1.0 to 1.8 g/10ml), temperature (45 to 70 °C), and extraction time (100 to 180 min). However, based on the statical data and confirmation experiment, it was possible to obtain the highest yield of phenolic compounds of 9.0 mg GAE/g DW, extracting from white turmeric at UAE condition of 1.1 g/10 ml for solid-to-solvent ratio, 100 min for extraction time, and 45 °C for temperature. The result of this study may be helpful for the intensification of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction for phenolic compounds from agricultural products.