Tulsi Extract Research Articles

Studies on biology and preference of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on different host plants and evaluation of botanicals for its management

The biology and fitness of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) was studied on bottle gourd, lady’s finger, chilli and tomato. The total larval duration was found to be 20, 22.5, 20.3 and 18.3 days on tomato, chilli, lady’s finger and bottle gourd respectively. The total life cycle was of 35.25, 40.7, 34.2 and 31.3 days on tomato, chilli, lady finger and bottle gourd respectively. Shortest life cycle was observed on bottle gourd and longest on chilli. Feeding preference and fitness of H. armigera revealed that it preferred bottle gourd over other host plants. On bottle gourd, the pest recorded highest mean larval weight gain (0.112g/ day), while the lowest was on chilli (0.090g/ day). The feeding period was 8.073 days on bottle gourd and 8.266 days on chilli. Average food ingested on bottle gourd, lady finger, chilli and tomato were 3.083, 2.347, 2.076 and 1.988g respectively. Bioefficacy of botanicals (5 % aqueous extracts of periwinkle, giloy, tulsi and lantana) against H. armigera by leaf dip bioassay using leaves of tomato showed that the average food ingested in periwinkle, giloy, tulsi, lantana and control was 0.644, 0.944, 1.038, 0.985 and 2.297g respectively. This is the first report evidencing the insecticidal properties of aqueous extracts of giloy against H. armigera.

Ocimum sanctum Alters the Lipid Landscape of the Brain Cortex and Plasma to Ameliorate the Effect of Photothrombotic Stroke in a Mouse Model.

Stroke-like injuries in the brain result in not only cell death at the site of the injury but also other detrimental structural and molecular changes in regions around the stroke. A stroke-induced alteration in the lipid profile interferes with neuronal functions such as neurotransmission. Preventing these unfavorable changes is important for recovery. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi extract) is known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. It is possible that Tulsi imparts a neuroprotective effect through the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Hence, we examined alterations in the lipid profile in the cerebral cortex as well as the plasma of mice with a photothrombotic-ischemic-stroke-like injury following the administration of a Tulsi extract. It is also possible that the lipids present in the Tulsi extract could contribute to the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Therefore, to identify the major lipid species in the Tulsi extract, we performed metabolomic and untargeted lipidomic analyses on the Tulsi extract. The presence of 39 molecular lipid species was detected in the Tulsi extract. We then examined the effect of a treatment using the Tulsi extract on the untargeted lipidomic profile of the brain and plasma following photothrombotic ischemic stroke in a mouse model. Mice of the C57Bl/6j strain, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Sham, (ii) Lesion, (iii) Lesion plus Tulsi, and (iv) Lesion plus Ibuprofen. The cerebral cortex of the lesioned hemisphere of the brain and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic profiling using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Our results documented significant alterations in major lipid groups, including PE, PC, neutral glycerolipids, PS, and P-glycerol, in the brain and plasma samples from the photothrombotic stroke mice following their treatment with Tulsi. Upon further comparison between the different study groups of mice, levels of MGDG (36:4), which may assist in recovery, were found to be increased in the brain cortexes of the mice treated with Tulsi when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Lipid species such as PS, PE, LPG, and PI were commonly altered in the Sham and Lesion plus Tulsi groups. The brain samples from the Sham group were specifically enriched in many species of glycerol lipids and had reduced PE species, while their plasma samples showed altered PE and PS species when compared to the Lesion group. LPC (16:1) was found in the Tulsi extract and was significantly increased in the brains of the PTL-plus-Tulsi-treated group. Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Tulsi on cerebral ischemia may be partially associated with its ability to regulate brain and plasma lipids, and these results may help provide critical insights into therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia or brain lesions.

Utjecaj fitobiotičkog svetog bosiljka (Ocimum sanctum) na proizvodnju i zdravlje tovnih pilića

Various types of phytobiotics have been recently used in poultry production systems to avoid the development of drug resistance and tissue residues. One such phytobiotic is holy basil or tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), an aromatic plant with multiple therapeutic functions. The powder or extract of tulsi is rich in essential oils and organic acids, which have positive effects on the physiological functions. It has been extensively used in medicine to treat many health issues. Moreover, in poultry industry, dietary tulsi has been recommended for the enhancement of general health conditions with promising results. Enrichment of broilers diets with tulsi improved the growth rate, carcass characteristics, and gut health, relived stress, and modulated the immune response and some biochemical blood parameters. This review article presents in details the different influences of dietary tulsi on these parameters in broilers.

Efficacy os Some Plant Extracts against Termites Under Controlled Conditions

Termites, particularly Odontotermes spp., are a severe pests of several crops in India. The usage of environmental friendly chemicals for termite management has been on the rise worldwide. This study examined the effects of various fresh and fermented plant extracts, viz. sweet neem (leaf), marigold (flower), tulsi (leaf), common lantana (leaf), neem (leaf), congress grass (leaf), and jatropha (seeds) at four distinct concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 17.5% w/v) on worker caste of Odontotermes sp. After 48 hr of exposure, the fresh extracts (5%) of neem and congress grass resulted in the highest mortality (93.30% and 90%, respectively), while the fermented extracts (5%) of neem and tulsi achieved 100% death at 12 hr only. They were at par with the standard check (imidacloprid 17.8 SL). Thus, neem, tulsi, and congress grass based extracts could be incorporated as effective botanicals into an integrated termite management program.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Gargle against Throat Irritation, Inflammation and Infection

Abstract: Herbal gargles have gained significant attention as potential alternatives to conventional oral care products due to their perceived natural composition and reported therapeutic benefits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the efficacy of herbal gargles in promoting oral health and preventing various oral ailments. Our oral cavity is a sweet able place to grow different types of bacterial species either harmless or harmful for human. From ancient age medicinal plants are considered as a store room of different types of biological activity in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, and have important role to cleanse tooth and prevent different human pathogens are responsible for unpleasant odour, inflammation of teeth root, dental plaque. The study evaluates a wide range of herbal ingredients commonly found in mouth gargles, including essential oils, plant extracts, and traditional herbal remedies. It explores their antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activity, and potential for reducing plaque formation, gingivitis, and bad breath. Aqueous extract of Tulsi, Turmeric, Clove, Fennel, Betel leaves, Pudina, Ginger, Liquorice shows effective antimicrobial, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory and anti-plaque properties. In this research work herbal gargle was evaluated depends on various parameter like color, pH, Phase separation , Homogeneity and antibacterial properties. Herbal gargles show potential as adjuncts to conventional oral care, Herbal gargle is suitable for any age group due to less side effect. Healthcare professionals and consumers should approach herbal gargles with caution, taking into consideration individual oral health needs and consulting oral healthcare providers for personalized recommendations.

Preventive Role of Methanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and Their Combined Formulation against Sublethal Concentration of Sodium Fluoride Exposed to Channa punctatus (Bloch.)

In the recent years, Fluoride has emerged as one of the most harmful pollutants in the world and its presence has been shown to negatively impact the quality of groundwater in many countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO), when its concentration exceeds 1.5 mg/L limit, it may cause threats to the health. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride has been known to have deleterious effects on the biological system of human as well as other animals. Based on this background, a study has been conducted to show the effects of sodium fluoride induced toxicity in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.). The fishes were exposed to sublethal doses of 25 ppm and 50 ppm of sodium fluoride for a period of 3 and 7 days. The damaging effects of sodium fluoride were manifested in the morphological, behavioural, haematological, biochemical and histological parameters of the fishes. The fishes were then further exposed to 100 mg/L of methanolic leaf extracts of tulsi, tea and a combined formulation of the two extracts to investigate the ameliorative properties in the revival of fluoride toxicity in the fishes. However, the results showed that the impact of toxicity caused by exposure to 25 ppm was much less pronounced as compared to 50 ppm of sodium fluoride. These effects were revealed to be effectively reduced by the addition of the plant extracts. Both the selected plant extracts showed positive results. However, their combined formula revealed the highest level of effectiveness in the remedial activity of fluoride induced toxicity.

Antiacne Herbal Cream

Abstract: Objective- To formulate and evaluate herbal cream using Aloe Vera gel, Sandalwood Powder , extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimumtenuiflorum) to give antiacne effect. Method: A cream with an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion base (semisolid formulation) was created. The oil phase (Part A) was heated to 75° C while the emulsifier (bees wax) and other oil soluble components (liquid paraffin, rose oil) were dissolved in it. The water soluble additives and preservatives components (aloe vera ethanol extract, vitamin C, borax, methyl paraben, sandalwood, and Neem and Tulsi were dissolved and heated to 75° C in the aqueous phase (Part B). Once heated,parts of the aqueous phase were introduced to the oil phase while stirring continuously till cooling of Emulsifier was used. Results: The formulation showed good appearance, pH, viscosity, phase separation. Conclusion: All four herbal components demonstrated noticeably distinct behaviours. Based on the findings, we may infer that all of the formulations were stable and safe to apply to the skin, with acceptable viscosity and no evidence of phase separation. Additionally, the formulation had no redness, Itching and erythrema .When conducting the irritancy testing, they were simple to clean. The formula read at room temperature, stable

Green tea and tulsi extracts as efficient green corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloy in alkaline medium

Corrosion is a major issue in every industrial system. As a result of its widespread application, aluminum suffers enormous annual losses due to corrosion. Scientists are continually on the lookout for effective anti-corrosion strategies. Corrosion may be reduced in a number of ways, but many of them are harmful to the environment, so it's important to find a green alternative. Corrosion inhibitors in aluminum alloys can be found in green tea and tulsi extract. In this research, we found that aluminum alloy 1100 (Al-1100) ina 10% NaOH solution was inhibited by both green tea and Tulsi extract. Samples of AL alloy are submerged in 10% NaOH solutions with and without an inhibitor for a total of 25 days. The weight-loss technique is used to determine the effectiveness of an inhibitor, with tulsi extract far outperforming green tea with the best efficiency of 83.93% compared to the greatest efficiency of 14.29% for green tea. After being submerged in an inhibitory solution, an aluminum alloy surface developed an adsorbed protective layer, which is chemical adsorption, as seen by FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) spectroscopy. Green inhibitors those are present on the surface of the aluminum alloys are less corrosive confirmed by the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. The chemical particles were found to be present as a coating over AL alloy surfaces, as determined by EDS (Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy) testing. In a10% NaOH solution, Al-1100 is inhibited more effectively by tulsi extracts than by green tea extracts.

Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance among conventional versus herbal irrigants in root canal treated teeth: In vitro study.

To evaluate the efficacy of conventional irrigants and herbal extracts materials which helps to resist fracture of endodontically treated teeth. 75 maxillary human permanent incisor teeth instrumented using ProTaper rotary files till apical size(F4). Instrumented samples divided into 5 groups with n = 15 based on various irrigants used. Group I: normal saline, Group II: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group III: 2% chlorohexidine, Group IV: 10% Azadirachta indica (neem extract) and Group V: 10% Ocimum sanctum (tulsi extract).After that, root canals were proceeded to be filled by using single gutta-percha cone and Sealapex sealer. Specimens were then prepared and loaded until root fracture occurred. Maximum mean flexural strength of dentin (fracture resistance) was obtained from group treated with 2% chlorohexidine and 10% neem extract. Least fracture resistance was observed with 5% NaOCl. Herbal irrigants can be used as an alternative to NaOCl as they exhibit high fracture resistance.

Facile green synthesis of SnS2 nanoparticles using Tulsi extract: insight into the optical and photocatalytic properties

ABSTRACT Herein we have reported the fabrication of green SnS2 (g-SnS2) granules via a facile precipitation technique employing Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) extract as a stabilising and capping agent. The prepared g-SnS2 nanoparticles were characterised through XRD, UV-DRS, PL, BET, XPS, SEM and TEM for their surface morphology and physicochemical properties. It showed enhanced Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) assisted photodegradation of a cationic (Bismarck Brown R) and anionic (Methyl Orange) azo dyes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Maximum degradation of 72.54 ± 1.23% of Bismarck Brown R (BBR) and 69.34 ± 1.22% of methyl orange (MO) with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.02833 min−1 and 0.02576 min−1 for BBR and MO, respectively, within 60 min of visible light irradiation higher than SnS2 nanoparticles synthesised without the use of capping agent. The improved photocatalytic activity was attributed to the rough and defect-rich morphology of the prepared g-SnS2. The humic acid (HA) concentration showed a reduction in the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The as-synthesised g-SnS2 nanoparticles could serve as a potential material for the degradation of azo dyes from waste water.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL CREAM

The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the herbal cream having properties of moistening, nourishing, anti-acne and antiinflammatory effect on the skin using different crude drugs like Azadirachta indica (Neem), Aloe barbadensis (Aloe Vera), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi). The cream was prepared by using the cream base i.e. bee’s wax, liquid paraffin, borax, methyl paraben, distilled water, rose oil, Aloe Vera gel, aqueous extract of neem and tulsi. The cream was prepared by homogeneous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extract. By using this method, we have prepared six batches F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6. Formulations were evaluated for different parameters like physical evaluation, irritancy study observation, wash ability, spread ability, PH, Viscosity, phase separation, greasiness observations, dye test, homogeneity, acid value, saponification value. All the six formulations F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 showed good appearance, PH, adequate viscosity and no phase separation was observed. All the six formulations F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 were stable and can be safely use on the skin.

Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi Extract Mouthwash on Periodontal Health Status of Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in India: A Concurrent Parallel Pilot Trial

Background:One of the main risk factors for periodontitis is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In patients with DM, maintaining optimal oral hygiene is crucial to managing the advancement of periodontitis. The adverse effects of chlorhexidine limit its long-term use. Tulsi is gaining more popularity due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Studies related to Tulsi mouthwash in Type 2 DM patients are lacking.Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 6% Tulsi extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes on the periodontal health status of well-controlled type 2 DM patients.Materials and Methods: The present study is a concurrent, parallel, randomized controlled trial. A total of 38 participants aged 45–55 years were randomly allocated to two different groups. Group A and B participants were treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 6% Tulsi extract mouthwashes, respectively. The assessments of gingivitis (gingival Index), dental plaque (plaque Index), and periodontal pocket depth (Community Periodontal Index) were done at baseline and on the 15th day. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the clinical conditions of the two groups.Results: Both groups have individually shown a statistically significant reduction in gingivitis, dental plaque, and periodontal pocket depth. When both groups were compared on the 15th day, chlorhexidine mouthwash showed a statistically significant reduction in PI scores (Group A 0.79 vs. Group B 0.86).Conclusion: Tulsi mouthwash is as efficacious as chlorhexidine in reducing dental plaque, gingivitis, and pocket depth among well-controlled Type 2 DM patients.

Effect of vacuum packaging on the physicochemical and shelf life attributes of herbal paneer spread

A study was conducted to assess the impact of vacuum packaging during storage for herbal paneer spread. Paneer spread incorporated with Aloevera and Tulsi extract (1% each) was packed and stored in normal and vacuum package (LDPE pouch) at refrigerated temperature (5±1ºc) and analysis were done at 5 days interval. The product was analysed for its Physicochemical studies and shelf-life attributes were examined during storage by microbial analysis like standard plate count and coliform count. The paneer spread with herbal extract stored in vacuum packaging have more functional properties and shelf-life than normal packaging. The efficiency of vacuum packaging is good by removing more moisture content than normal packaging therefore it increased the shelf life of the herbal paneer spread by 50% (approximately) as compared with normal packaging at refrigerated storage.

GC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents in aqueous extract of Tulsi and Mulhethi

Extraction process specifically targets isolation of carbohydrates, glycosides, and secondary metabolites from leaves. These compounds play crucial roles in Mulethi and Tulsi’s biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. By extracting and analysing these components, a deeper understanding of these plants’ medicinal potential can be gained. The identification of the extracted compounds was done using various chromatographic techniques. Chromatography is a powerful tool that separates and characterizes complex mixtures. Techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) were employed to separate the individual components of the extract and determine their chemical structures. The aqueous extract was screened and qualitatively analysed to detect specific compounds. The analytical technique combines GC separation capabilities with MS detection and identification capabilities. It provides valuable information about the chemical composition of the extracts, allowing the identification of individual compounds present in the samples. These compounds are known for their pharmacological activities and are often responsible for plants’ medicinal properties.

Evaluation of TRICHONEMTM as Anti-Dandruff and Hair growth promoter in young adults

The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate herbal Anti dandruff hair wash powder containing eighteen herbal ingredients and soluble egg shell membrane in a proportionate combination with an emphasis on safety and efficacy. It contains scientific blends of Poduthalai (or) Turkey tangle frog fruit, Shikakai, Pulankelangu (or) White turmeric, Amla extarct, Curry leaf powder, Venthayam (or) Fenugreek, Pasipayiru (or) Mung bean, Vettiveru (or) Vetivergrass, Rose powder, Sembaruti (or) Hibiscus powder, Avaram (or) Tanner's cassia, Kadukkai (or) Indian hog plum, Lady’s finger powder, Redcabsol (or) Red cabbage powder, Arappu leaf powder, Tulsi extract, Neam Leaf powder, Karisalankanni (or) False daisy powder and Soluble egg shell Membrane. With respect to the prior art data each ingredient has several independent studies to prove that they have Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-dandruff and Hair growth promoting properties. Soluble Egg Shell Membrane (Enzyme) used in the preparation of TRICHONEMTM consists of different types of collagens (I, III, V, X), glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid, keratin and elastin. In this study all the selected ingredients were sieved using mesh, weighed accurately and mixed geometrically for uniform formulation and then evaluated for parameters including Organoleptic, physicochemical, physical, irritancy along with stability examination. The dried powder of combined form had passable flow property which is suitable for a hair wash powder. The pH of all formulations observed are near to neutral range. During irritancy test, TRICHONEMTM hair wash powder formulation does not express any type of irritation on skin and eyes. Hence the results proved that hair wash powder formulations are suitable for its intended use. In vitro Antidandruff Activity of TRICHONEM TM hair wash powder against dandruff causing organisms such as Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum was evaluated using Antifungal Susceptibility Testing-Disk Diffusion Method. Zone of inhibition produced by TRICHONEMTM was high for all the three organisms considered for study. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test revealed that the growth of dandruff causing organisms was reduced due to the effect of TRICHONEMTM hair wash powder. Pilot study considering 50 female volunteers in age range of 22-40 were studied to evaluate the performance of TRICHONEM TM hair wash powder for following parameters such as Dry scalp, Hair fall, Dandruff, Scaling, Pruritus and the results concludes that TRICHONEM TM hair wash powder formulation scored high ratings in treating the hair conditions after 4 weeks of treatment in comparison with placebo. The results from in-vitro anti-dandruff study and pilot study confirm the ability of TRICHONEMTM hair wash powder, which is developed with best ingredients in optimized combination as the best replacement for synthetic counterpart.

A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, molecular pharmacology, clinical and translational outfit of Ocimum sanctum L.

Ocimum sanctum L. a benevolent herb has been integrated into the traditional medicine practice from ancient times. The phytochemical analysis signifies the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential elements (vitamins and minerals). Polyphenols and flavonoids are the major essential components present in the various form of tulsi extract and responsible for different pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, etc. These activities were mediated through altering the functionality associated with the nF-κβ, ERK, p38, and MPK pathways. Further, the antimicrobial activity is amplified by the presence of unsaturated fatty acids such as linolic acid and linoleic acid which manipulate the membrane integrity of microbial. The molecular mechanism for such activity is mediated through destabilization of the microbial membrane by interfering with the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation process. An extensive literature survey was carried out through various scientific search engine such as PubMed, Google scholar, science Direct, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and Indian medical databases. Diversified phenolic and flavonoid phytoconstituents of tulsi are responsible for anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antistress, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anticancer, anti-inflamatory, etc. Further, therapeutic potency of tulsi reflects in clinical trail reports provide satisfactory results with negligible adverse effects, which might be emerge as a green medicine to lessen the global burden of microbial, inflammation, metabolic associated disorders, etc. However, alteration in the composition and variation in the percentage yield of secondary metabolites due to phenotypic and genotypic disparity are the critical challenges that need to address in future. • From ancient times, Ocimum sanctum L . commonly known as holy basil or tulsi is considered one of the core pillars of the traditional practice of herbal medicine. • Presences of therapeutically active polyphenols and flavonoid enriched phytoconstituents are responsible for potent antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, etc. • Encouraging preclinical results brings 11 clinical trials on exploring the antimicrobial activity in the maintenance of oral hygiene, metabolic associated, inflammatory mediated disorders, neuroprotection, antistress activity, etc. • Translationally major portions of the osmium-based formulations are intended for the treatment of cold and cough (29.1%) and food supplement/functional food (14.5%) which remains the witness for its strong antimicrobial, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity and balance composition of macro and micronutrient.

Impact of the Current Scenario and Future Perspectives for the Management of Oral Diseases: Remarkable Contribution of Herbs in Dentistry

Background: Background: Herbs are the primary feedstock for treating numerous infectious diseases occurring in humans. The herb serves as a potential resource for managing dental disorders by maintaining oral hygiene and reducing the growth of microbes through the use of antimicrobial agents. The body-to-mouth connection helps essential facets that reduce the vulnerability of inflammation and infections in the mouth. The herbal product offers a better alternative for oral care than antibiotics due to reduced side effects and increased patient compliance. : Herbs used in dentistry contain antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties that help in reducing irritation, infections, and pain in the oral cavity. The resistance to antibiotics and overcoming their untoward side effects promoted the usage of herbals in dentistry. In addition, due to the affordability issues of allopathic medicines in rural areas, the dependency of poor people on herbal medicines has gained significant popularity in the Indian subcontinent. Objective: Oral disorders would be a significant health setback for humankind due to their severity if they remained untreated. This review promotes the efforts made to overcome the side effects of allopathic medicines and provide cost-effective herbal treatment for oral care. Oral disorders cause various infections like tooth decay, dental caries, gingivitis, fungal, viral and bacterial infections, plaque formation, pemphigus vulgaris, pyorrhoea and mouth ulcers. The use of herbal extracts of tulsi, neem, and turmeric as a natural healer and the safest antimicrobial provides better dental care treatment. In addition, aromatic agents like tulsi, neem, mint, clove, ginger, and turmeric as dental products have increased palatability for patients who have lost their taste buds with growing age and diseases. Method: The literature search was conducted through academics, Google scholar, PubMed, WHO, and Sci.org using keywords dentistry, antimicrobials, herbs for dental management, experimental findings, bacterial strains, oral health, and hygiene. Results: The beneficial results of using various antimicrobial-containing herbs are gaining popularity throughout the world. Subsequently, it has been further suggested that antimicrobials and herbal extracts maintain oral hygiene, reduce bacterial lichens and biofilm adhesion, help in the management of oral infections, and improve health. Conclusion: Screening of newer antimicrobial formulations like dentifrices, gargles, throat paints, mouthwashes, and mouth sprays containing cost-effective herbals for promoting healthcare plays a pivotal role in developing herbal industries for dental care.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Plant Extracts and Their Applications for Water Purification and Anti-Diabetic Properties

The study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using green method where plant extracts of Turmeric, curry-leaves, Ashwagandha, Arjun, Aloe vera and Tulsi were used as reducing agents. Characterization was done using UV-Visible spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. UV-Visible spectrum showed peak absorbance around 420nm and SEM-EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs in a size range of 50-80nm. Ability of the synthesized AgNPs as an antimicrobial agent was studied and their use was extended to the treatment of contaminated water. It was found that 30μL of AgNPs effectively decontaminated water containing 103 CFU/mL E. coli within 10 minutes. The study also focuses on the effect of the nanoparticles on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for eukaryotic cells. No significant effect on the growth of S. cerevisiae was observed. Effect of AgNPs on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was also studied. AGEs are formed due to non-enzymatic glycation in hyperglycemic conditions leading to secondary complications in diabetes. AgNPs synthesized using Ashwagandha, curry-leaves and Aloe vera showed anti-glycating properties in a concentration dependent manner. This suggests that these properties of AgNPs may be used in many environmental and therapeutic applications but their use should be regulated and studied in detail.

Development and Qualitative Analysis of Pomegranate Wine Fortified with Tulsi Extract

Wine is alcoholic beverage which is obtained by natural fermentation of fruits. The fruits used for wine making are guava, pomegranate, grapes, sapota, fig. the fruit asked in this study is pomegranate. Health benefits of pomegranate wine have been widely studied and reported. However, fortification of wine for increasing properties like flavor, strength and taste has become recent trends, but fortification of wine with tulsi extract is less explored. So, this work explains how pomegranate wine can fortified with tulsi extract in two different concentrations. The study provides the information regarding physicochemical analysis and phytochemicals present in wine. In sensory evaluation, the wine with tulsi extract is more acceptable and in case of phytochemical analysis Tannins and Polysaccharide is absent and Terpenoid, Sponins, Flavonoid, and Alkaloids are present. pH of fortified wine is 3.7 and 3.1 successively and titrable acidity is 0.37 and 0.32. as tulsi extract is added, the medicinal values are added to the wine which makes the wine healthier for consumption. This study provides a good reference for future industrial production of fortified wines.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Herbal Extracts Incorporated in Dentifrices among Adults: An In-vitro Study and a Double Blinded Randomized Control Trial

Introduction: A positive correlation has been observed between Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and periodontal diseases. Several substances including synthetic chemicals and natural agents have shown promising antimicrobial activity against the S. mutans- C. albicans complex. Extracts of Aloe Vera, Triphala, Tulsi, Pomegranate, and Acacia catechu have established therapeutic effects in medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of five herbal extracts in-vitro and to compare the antibacterial effects of 5 dentifrices containing the herbal extracts and a commercially available dentifrice on the plaque sample counts of S. mutans and C. albicans in-vivo&#x0D; Methodology: Extracts were obtained using a standardized method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated for the test microorganisms using modified agar-well diffusion and macro broth dilution technique and the inhibition zone diameters were calculated. Dentifrices containing the extracts were formulated and the in vivo antimicrobial activity was evaluated by studying the CFU count from plaque samples of 420 participants. &#x0D; Results: Highest antimicrobial activity against S Mutans and C albicans was shown by Acacia catechu and Tulsi respectively and least was by pomegranate. Mean reduction in microbial counts (CFU/ml) by inoculating nutrient broth from baseline to 60 days was highest in Acacia catechu and Triphala for S Mutans and C albicans respectively. All herbal extracts performed better than the commercially available toothpaste.&#x0D; Conclusion: Dentifrices with herbal extracts of Aloe Vera, Triphala, Tulsi, Pomegranate, and Acacia catechu could serve as an alternative to commercially available dentifrices for treating oral diseases whose causative organisms are S. mutans and C. albicans.