Tinospora Cordifolia Extract Research Articles

Assessment of phytochemicals, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Gurjo)

Traditionally used medicinal plants are the major resources of biologically active metabolites which are widely used for the cure of numerous diseases especially in developing countries where health facilities are rare. Many plants are in use for centuries but there is not enough scientific evidence and exploration. This research is focused on phytochemicals, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity analysis of one of the most commonly used ethnomedicine Tinospora cordifolia collected from the Kavrepalanchok district of Nepal. Phytochemicals analysis of methanol extract of T. cordifolia showed the presence of alkaloids, coumarin saponins, glycosides, reducing sugar, and triterpenes. Antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion method exhibited the highest activity against Streptococcus with a zone of inhibition are 10.3mm, 8.5mm, 6.5mm, and 6mm at 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 25mg/ml of concentration respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity increased with increasing concentration of extract. When compared with ascorbic acid at equivalent concentration, the extract shows a lower scavenging profile (56.07% for the extract and 98.01% for ascorbic acid at 320 ppm). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). The result showed that the extract of T. cordifolia was found to be toxic with an LC50 value of 232.64μg/ml. The bioactive component present in the plants could be the result of its pharmacological effects that support the traditional use of plants.

Correlation between the antioxidant capacity of plasma and blood glucose level

Introduction: Oxidative stress on tissues can cause diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: This study aimed to pharmacologically evaluate the decrease in blood glucose levels and its relationship with the total antioxidant capacity of the blood compared to glibenclamide. Method: An experimental study with completely randomised designs was carried out. Rats were induced with streptozotosin followed by ethanolic extract for ten days. Results: The One-Way Anova test, showed that the increase of the total antioxidant capacity of plasma treated with ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Curcuma zanthorrhiza was comparable in the same amount to glibenclamide (p=0.345), (p=0.289). There was a relationship between total blood antioxidant capacity and blood glucose levels, this linear association was expressed with the following mathematical equation: y = 20,253 - 2,946x. Conclusion: The antioxidant content of Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, and Cinnamomum verum has the potential to control blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.

Tinospora cordifolia extract as an environmentally benign green corrosion inhibitor in acid media: electrochemical, surface morphological, quantum chemical, and statistical investigations

The inhibiting capacity of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TCE) was evaluated on mild steel in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 by physicochemical and electrochemical techniques and by utilizing statistical tools such as response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Surface properties were ascertained by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to confirm the adsorption performance of the inhibitor molecules on the surface of the metal. Experimental results were found to agree with quantum chemical calculations of the active principle of TCE, Tinosponone. Weight loss measurements exhibited extreme inhibition power of TCE as 94.73% and 82.53% in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively, at 5 v/v% concentration at 303 K. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were agreed with weight loss measurements as EIS showed an inhibition efficiency of 93.51% in 1 M HCl and 88.68% in 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions. Electrochemical studies were evident that TCE can hinder reactions of the cathode and anode of mild steel. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies indicated the mixed-type adsorption behavior of TCE on mild steel by following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in both acid media. The BBD method was applied to verify the impact of three test factors, temperature, TCE concentration, and acid concentration, on inhibition efficiency of mild steel in HCl medium. Experimental and theoretical results confirmed the anticorrosion potential of the environment-friendly inhibitor TCE.

Tinospora cordifolia activates PPARγ pathway and mitigates glomerular and tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease

Background: Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease progression. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are desirable to mitigate the progression of disease into more severe consequences.Hypothesis/Purpose:Tinospora cordifolia is a traditionally known antidiabetic plant; however, its effect against DKD remains unexplored. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the efficacy and mechanism of action of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TC) against DKD.Methods: The molecular interaction of the various phytoconstituents of TC with PPARγ were analyzed in silico. The effect of TC was studied on the viability, cell cycle, and gene expressions (PPARγ, TGFβ, and αSMA) in high glucose treated NRK-52E and SV40 MES13 cells. Further, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with TC for eight weeks, and the effects on different biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were studied.Results:In silico analysis revealed the integration of various phytoconstituents of TC with PPARγ. It further increased PPARγ and decreased TGFβ and αSMA expressions in NRK-52E and SV40 MES13 cells. In diabetic rats, TC improved the fasting blood glucose, serum urea, and creatinine levels. It also lowered the urine microalbumin and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels. Histopathological studies revealed the preventive effect of TC on degenerative changes, mesangial proliferation and glomerular hypertrophy. Further, it reduced the inflammation and fibrotic changes in the kidney tissue estimated by various markers. The kidney tissue and gene expression analysis revealed the augmented levels of PPARγ after TC treatment.Conclusion: In conclusion, TC exerted the protective effect against DKD by inhibiting inflammation and fibrogenesis through the activation of PPARγ dependent pathways.

Attenuating Effect of Vitamin E and Tinospora cordifolia on Bisphenol-A Induced Apoptosis in Goat Testis

During the present study effect of Vitamin E and Tinospora cordifolia on BPA induced goat (Capra hircus) testicular tissue was evaluated. Testicular tissue was exposed to varied concentrations of BPA, Vitamin E and Tinospora cordifolia in three experimental groups along with their specific control for 4 and 8hrs. In group I, the cultured tissue was exposed to three doses of Bisphenol-A viz. 0.01, 1.0 and 100 nM/ml. In group II, Vitamin E (0.1µM/ml) was supplemented along with BPA (0.01, 1.0, 100 nM/ml) and in group III Tinospora cordifolia extract (250 µg/ml) was added with BPA (0.01, 1.0, 100 nM/ml) in the culture media. With the increase in dose level as well as the exposure duration, the frequency of apoptotic cells increased significantly (p< 0.05), as revealed by acridine orange and methylene blue staining. BPA exposure also induced a decline in the antioxidant enzyme activity such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione. Vitamin E and Tinospora cordifolia resulted in a decrease in the percentage of apoptotic cells and an increase in levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione activity was observed. Hence, it is concluded that BPA induced more damage at its higher concentration and the antioxidant Vitamin E and Tinospora cordifolia ameliorate the oxidative stress-induced changes, thereby suggesting the potential of Vitamin E and Tinospora cordifolia in counteracting the cellular damage induced by agents like BPA.

Potential Application of an Aqueous Extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (Giloy) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis-An In Vitro Study.

The in vitro antifibrotic activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (giloy) was assessed to explore its potential for the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Epithelial cells dissociated from the tissue obtained from histopathologically normal oral mucosa during surgical extraction of third molars were cultured and fibrosis was induced by TGF-β1 in the oral keratinocytes. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and comparative gene expression analysis was carried out in the fibrosis-induced oral keratinocytes treated with various concentrations of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TcE) for matricellular protein-related gene expression. Concentrations of 0.5 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL TcE demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of CTGF, SERPINE1, COL1A1, FN1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and TIMP2 and an increase in the expression of PLAU, COL3A1, TIMP1, and TIMP3. Although TcE was found to reduce the expression of several fibrotic genes and increase the expression of antifibrotic genes, a varied effect was found, causing increased expression of COL3A1 and decreased expression of TIMP2 on TGF-β1-induced human buccal epithelial cells. However, further studies are warranted to assess the exact mechanism of antifibrotic activity and its clinical applications.

Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTION OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA WITH ATENOLOL AND PROPRANOLOL IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED CARDIAC NECROSIS IN RATS

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the combined cardioprotective effect of standardized extract of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TCE) with atenolol (AT) and propranolol (PP) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac necrosis in rats. 
 Methods: Myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac necrosis was induced by subcutaneous administration of ISO for two days consecutively at an interval of 24 h. Rats were pre-administered with test drugs for 21 d followed by ISO was administration on 20 and 21st day. 24 h after final ISO administration, mean arterial blood pressure (MAB), Heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart bio-marker enzyme, and histopathological study of cardiac tissue were evaluated from control and experimental groups and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys’s test. 
 Results: Rats administered with ISO showed significant (p<0.001) changes in ECG, HR, MAB, heart bio-marker enzyme, antioxidant parameters, and histopathology of the heart. The activities of biomarkers have reduced in serum and there is a significant (p<0.001) increase in antioxidants in the heart tissue of animals treated with drug combination. Similarly, ECG, MAB, and HR were restored to normalcy in drug-treated animals. 
 Conclusion: It may be concluded that the herb-drug combinations i. e TCE (500 mg/kg)+AT (10 mg/kg) and TCE (500 mg/kg)+PP (10 mg/kg) has shown increased cardioprotective activity than they were used alone.

Computationally approached inhibition potential of Tinospora cordifolia towards COVID-19 targets.

Graphic abstractThe recent emergence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major threat to human society, as the challenge of finding suitable drug or vaccine is not met till date. With increasing morbidity and mortality, the need for novel drug candidates is under great demand. The investigations are progressing towards COVID-19 therapeutics. Among the various strategies employed, the use of repurposed drugs is competing along with novel drug inventions. Based on the therapeutic significance, the chemical constituents from the extract of Tinospora cordifolia belonging to various classes like alkaloids, lignans, steroids and terpenoids are investigated as potential drug candidates for COVID-19. The inhibition potential of the proposed compounds against viral spike protein and human receptor ACE2 were evaluated by computational molecular modeling (Auto dock), along with their ADME/T properties. Prior to docking, the initial geometry of the compounds were optimized by Density functional theory (DFT) method employing B3LYP hybrid functional and 6–311 + + G (d,p) basis set. The results of molecular docking and ADME/T studies have revealed 6 constituents as potential drug candidates that can inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human receptor ACE2 protein. The narrowed down list of constituents from Tinospora cordifolia paved way for further tuning their ability to inhibit COVID-19 by modifying the chemical structures and by employing computational geometry optimization and docking methods. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00666-7.

Medicinal Plant Leaves Extract Based Synthesis, Characterisations and Antimicrobial Activities of ZrO2 Nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs)

In this work, the ZrO2 NPs have been synthesised using the leaves extract of a medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and characterised by means of FESEM, EDX, FTIR and powder XRD techniques. The phytochemical analysis was indicating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and other components in the leaves extract of Tinospora cordifolia. Such secondary metabolites act as stabilising, reducing and capping agents during the synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthetic method was found highly efficient, very low cost and eco-friendly. The bio-based ZrO2 NPs were utilised as antibacterial and antifungal agents. The antimicrobial study of ZrO2 NPs has been done by using well diffusion method against the different bacterial and fungal species. The maximum zones of inhibition have been found for Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger at maximum dosage of ZrO2 NPs as 36 mm, 32 mm, 28 mm, 34 mm, 34 mm and 32 mm, respectively. The experimental data indicated the efficiency of synthetic method and best utilisation of ZrO2 NPs as strong antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Guduchi Ghanavati to Improve Immune Status and General Health in the Population at High Risk of COVID-19: Results of An Open-Label Non-Randomized Clinical Trial from India

Background: Ayurveda, the traditional system of Indian medicine, can offer prophylactic or therapeutic solutions for COVID-19. Govt of India recommended Guduchi Ghanavati (Ayurveda herbal formulation) as an Immunity enhancer and prophylaxis to SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the effect of Guduchi Ghanavati as prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2, as immunity enhancer and on Quality of life in adult volunteers who are at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.Materials & Methods: Non-randomized, multi-centric, controlled trial was conducted on the population of the community dwelling individuals having good health and were at moderate to very high risk of exposure to COVID 19 infection at five cities in Gujarat, India. Participants of the intervention arm received ‘Guduchi Ghana’ (GG) [extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers] 1 g/day orally along with standard preventive guidelines (SPG) for SARS-CoV-2 infection (washing hand frequently, physical distancing, and covering the face). Participants of the control group followed standard preventive guidelines only. The outcome measures were the incidence of COVID-19, changes in Immune Status, WHOQOL-BREF, and preliminary safety.Results: a total of 41 incidences of COVID-19 were reported in GG+SPG group (n=15729 analyzed) whereas 16 incidences in SPG only group (n=4845 analyzed) indicating no significant association between the incidence of COVID-19 and Add-on GG intervention (OR, 0.79; CI, 0.44- 1.41 and Adjusted OR, 0.67; CI 0.37-1.21). Analyzing the effect on secondary outcomes, a significant difference (pConclusion: Data of the study supported the routine use of Guduchi Ghanavati to improve immune status and general health without any claim on COVID-19 as pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Evaluation of anti-cancer activity of Tinospora cordifolia on experimentally induced spontaneous fibrosarcoma in Swiss albino mice

Tinospora cordifolia, an Indian medicinal plant, was used to evaluate anti-cancer activity against spontaneous fibrosarcoma in Swiss albino mice. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was done in hydroethanolic extract using physical tests and GC-MS study, respectively. Hundred Swiss albino female mice of eight week age were divided into 5 groups containing 20 mice each. Group A acted as normal control without tumor. In four groups B-E, fibrosarcoma was induced by tissue grafting method. Group B was kept without any treatment and served as tumor control. Group C was treated with hydroethanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem (at the rate 400mg/kg) for 30 days. Group D was treated with standard chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel (at the rate 5 mg/kg) alternate days. Group E was treated with both hydroethanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem (at the rate 400mg/ kg) for 30 days and Paclitaxel drug (5 mg/kg)in alternate days. We assessed the mean tumor volume, tumor doubling time, sur-vivability and percent increase in lifespan. These parameters revealed the anti-tumor activity of T. cordifolia against fibrosarcoma. In treatment groups, the histological alterations in neoplastic tissues were alternate patches of multiplying and necrotic tissues, vacuolation in tissues, and apoptotic changes. In T. cordifolia and combined treatment changes were more marked better than paclitaxel treatment. Post observational period upto 90 days revealed a good survival rate in combined treatment followed by T. cordifolia and paclitaxel treatment. The present data strongly suggested that the Tinosporacordifolia extract has anti-tumor potential and the combination therapy can be a good strategy to combat fibrosarcoma.

Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential Study of Tinospora cordifolia

Aims: Tinospora cordifolia is a herb used in the traditional folk medicine due to their health benefits. Studies reported the biochemical composition and some biological properties of the plant stem. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties from the extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was accomplished by eleven months in the Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Bangladesh. 
 Methodology: Presence of phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins, saponins were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity of the stem extract was assayed separately using an agar diffusion method against some gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The cytotoxic potential of the stem extract was evaluated by the Brine-Shrimp Lethality Assay mathod. 
 Results: The zone of inhibition formed by the methanolic extract in the antimicrobial assays was significant. In addition, cytotoxicity of the extract was found to be significant as compared to the standard gallic acid in Brine-Shrimp lethality assay.
 Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia may possess significant antimicrobial property which requires more studies to isolate the specific bioactive compound for developing a new antimicrobial agent from this plant.

Tinospora cordifolia ameliorated titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity via regulating oxidative stress-activated MAPK and NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) has been suggested for use in fish farms to prevent or alleviate bacterial diseases owing to its bactericidal property. Unfortunately, the interaction of TNP with cells impaired the host defenses of fish resulting in increased mortality during bacterial challenges. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCE) as a dietary supplement in ameliorating TNP induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fishes were exposed to environmentally relevant concentration (10 mg/L) of TNP for 14 days and the effect of TCE supplemented feed at 3 different doses (5, 10, and 15 g/kg) was studied. TCE signally increased the weight gain, specific growth rate, and decreased feed conversion ratio in fish. TCE significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the toxic effects caused by TNP by increasing the antioxidant (CAT, SOD, GPx) activity and decreasing the levels of serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, ACP), macromolecular oxidation, excessive ROS production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, INF-γ, TNF-α, PGE-2). TNP bioaccumulation and histopathological alterations in gill, liver, and kidney were also significantly alleviated by TCE supplementation. TCE perceptibly regulated the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP60, −70), MAPKs (pERK1/2, pp38), antioxidant (NRF2, Keap1, HO-1), apoptotic (p53, PDRG1), and anti-apoptotic (AKT, Bcl2) proteins in fish. Regarding disease resistance, the TCE co-treated groups showed reduced cumulative mortality and higher relative percent survival with A. hydrophila. Our results suggest that TNP-induced apoptosis is mediated by the MAPK/NRF2/Keap1 pathway and underlines the therapeutic potential of TCE in aqua-farming.

PDP, EIS, and Surface Studies of the Low-Carbon Steel by the Extract of Tinospora cordifolia: A Green Approach to the Corrosion Inhibition

The influence of the Tinospora cordifolia extract on the low-carbon steel corrosion resistance in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium was investigated by using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements coupled with surface analysis; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Potentiodynamic polarization showed that the T. cordifolia extract acts as a mix-type inhibitor and 87.18% effectiveness was observed at 500 mg/L inhibitor concentration. This extract displays significant corrosion hindrance at particular concentrations. It is determined that the inhibition effectiveness boosts up with a rise in the concentration of the T. cordifolia extract. The adsorption nature of the T. cordifolia extract follows the Langmuir’s isotherm. Finally, the SEM and AFM analyses confirm the protection offered by the T. cordifolia extract on the steel surface in aggressive media.

Synthesis of Bio-Inspired Silver Nanoparticles by Ripe and Unripe Fruit Extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Its Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Catalytic Studies

Synthesis of Bio-Inspired Silver Nanoparticles by Ripe and Unripe Fruit Extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Its Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Catalytic Studies

Vitro plantlet regeneration from Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers - a highly valuable medicinal plant and its chemo-profiling

Tinospora cordifolia[(Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. and Thom)] belongs to family Menispermaceae and is mostly found in tropical Indian subcontinent especially India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is an important medicinal plant species and considered as a rich source of alkaloids and terpenes which is used as a rejuvenating drug. The extract of the mature stem is useful in curing skin diseases and dry barks have anti-spasmodic, anti-pyretic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-leprotic properties. In the present investigation a viable in vitro regeneration protocol for mass multiplication of Tinospora cordifolia was standardized. Chemo-profiling of crude extract of Tinospora cordifolia was also investigated. The shoot buds were used for direct shoot induction and regeneration by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins BAP and Kinetin singly or in the combination. For auxiliary shoot proliferation and superior in shoot elongation, it was found that BAP was more effective than Kinetin among the cytokinins tested. An average multiplication rate of 6.3 shoots per explants was obtained with MS medium supplemented with 8.87 µM BAP alone. Small shootlets were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 8.87 µM BAP and 5.71 µM IAA for shoot elongation. The elongated shoots were rooted in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.22 µM BAP and 4.92 µM IBA. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and established with 80% survival. The TLC profile was developed using hexane: ethyl acetate (25:5v/v) as a mobile phase and individual peak scanned at short wavelength 366nmto identify and separate the berberine in leaf, stem, and root of T. cordifolia In the antibacterial studies, it was found that Tinospora cordifolia has the most antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis as compare to other bacterial species. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia resulted a „zone of inhibition‟ of 18 mm at a concentration 80 mg/ml. Against Styphylococcus aureus, a 80 mg/ml methanolic extract worked best giving a „zone of inhibition‟ of 15 mm. The methanolic extracts of this species gave a „zone of inhibition‟ less than 1mm Mycococcus

Unveiling the cytotoxicity of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaves against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extract is a cheap, easily accessible and natural process in which the phyto-constituents of the plants act as capping, stabilising and reducing agent. The present study explored the biosynthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia and characterised via various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction. Here, TEM confirmed the spherical morphology with 25-50 nm size of synthesised AgNPs. Further, anticancer efficiency of AgNPs synthesised using T. cordifolia leaves were evaluated against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 by MTT, trypan blue assay, apoptotic morphological changes using Annexin V-FITC and Propidium iodide (PI), nuclear morphological changes by DAPI (4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Results confirmed the AgNPs synthesised using T. cordifolia leaves are found to be highly toxic against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.

Vanadium oxide nanorods as DNA cleaving and anti-angiogenic agent: novel green synthetic approach using leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia

Present study describes the synthesis of vanadium oxide nanorods (VONRs) via eco-friendly approach by using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract. The as-synthesized VONRs were characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, SEM and TGA analysis. The size of VONRs were in the range of 10-40 nm. Further, the XRD data revealed that the as-obtained VONRs has typical orthorhombic phase. The biological activities such as anti-angiogenic, DNA binding and cleaving activity of the as-prepared VONRs were evaluated. Anti-angiogenic activity was carried by shell less Chorio Allantioic Membrane (CAM) assay, DNA binding and cleaving activity were performed using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and supercoiled plasmid (pUC19) DNA, respectively. A marked reduction in the proliferation of capillaries around the zone of application of VONRs were observed in the anti-angiogenic assay, suggesting its biological potentiality. Furthermore, the cleavage of supercoiled DNA confirmed the involvement VONRs in the DNA interaction mechanism.

A study to evaluate efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) as analgesic agent using albino wistar rats as an experimental animal model

Background: Pain is a very well-known symptom of many diseases and analgesics are used to relieve pain. The main problem with these drugs remains that of side effects. Herbal medicines are better in view of their cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body systems and lesser incidence of side effects. Extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) plant have been traditionally used to treat pain in traditional medicine.Methods: Commercially available preparation of T. cordifolia plant has been used as test drug (aqueous extract). Healthy albino rats of either sex, weighing between 140-200 g were selected for the study, divided into 4 groups of 6 each (control, standard, 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg). Central analgesic activity was assessed by tail flick model (morphine as standard drug I.P). Acetic acid 1% 10 ml/kg aqueous solution I.P. was used for abdominal writhing model. Diclofenac 150 mg/kg oral as standard drug for assessment of peripheral analgesic activity. Results were analysed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft office excel 2007.Results: T. cordifolia extract significantly increased the tail flick latency time (sec) (mean tail flick latency control, T100, T300 6.833±0.25 sec, 8.65±017 sec, 10.01±0.14 respectively) (p value control vs T100, T300 at 90 min, 120 min, 0.0573, 0.0198, 0.0198 in between group) and decreased number of abdominal writhing in comparison with the control group (p value &lt;0.0001).Conclusions: Extract of T. cordifolia was found to possess analgesic activity and also exhibited dose and time dependant increase involving central and peripheral mechanisms. The analgesic activity of T. cordifolia found to be comparable to standard drug used.