Moringa Oleifera Extract Research Articles

In vitro antiviral effect of cinnamon oil, Moringa oleifera extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil against SARS-CoV-2 compared to remdesivir

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of a public health importance as it is continually evolving due to random mutations. New mutations can potentially affect the degree of infectiousness, virulence, and can increase the virus’ capability to evade adaptive immune responses of the body. Immunity is one of the key factors determining the extent of severity of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Therefore, thinking about natural remedies is the way to boost immunity, keep the body protected, and able to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We aimed to make progress in the field of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nutraceuticals, thus providing a safe and natural alternative to traditional chemically manufactured medications.MethodsThe cytotoxic activity (CC50) of the natural products was tested experimentally in vitro on the VERO-E6 cells using a crystal violet assay. The cells were then treated with different concentrations of the natural products of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, cinnamon bark oil extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value and the CC50 value were calculated in order to measure the antiviral effect of on SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to antiviral Remdesivir drug.ResultsThe tested natural products of honey and extracts exhibited pronounced virucidal effect against one of the most challenging viruses worldwide which is the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that the highest selectivity index was the Manuka honey + 20 UMF with SI of 10.23. The second sample following Manuka honey regarding its efficiency was the mixture of the three extracts with the honey (SI = 7.12), then followed by Remdesivir antiviral drug (SI = 3.3), then Moringa oleifera leaves extract (SI = 2.1). The last two products showing the least SI were Nigella sativa oil (SI = 1.6) and cinnamon bark oil (SI = 1.08), respectively.ConclusionsManuka honey + 20 UMF alone or combined with other three extracts of Moringa oleifera, Nigella sativa, and cinnamon bark oil have a much stronger in vitro antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 virus than the traditional antiviral drug Remdesivir. Further research will be needed to test the effectiveness of these natural products in vivo as an antiviral remedy against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

In vivo and in silico investigation of effects of ethanol extract of moringa oleifera leaves on female fertility, using fruit flies and molecular docking

In vivo and in silico investigation of effects of ethanol extract of moringa oleifera leaves on female fertility, using fruit flies and molecular docking

The Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract on Histopathological of Mice Testes Exposed by Monosodium Glutamate

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption in excess can have an impact on a man's fertility and lead to infertility. MSG has the potential to produce free radicals, which can harm cells. Antioxidants can fight off free radicals. Exogenous antioxidants are required to maintain equilibrium since there will be an imbalance if the body produces more free radicals than endogenous antioxidants. Exogenous antioxidants flavonoids are present in the leaves of the Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera L). It is thought that flavonoids have 4-5 times more antioxidant potential than vitamins. Objectives: To evaluate how moringa leaf extract affects the histopathological profile of MSG-exposed mouse testes. Methods: Only the posttest was used as a control group in this study. 25 male mice were used as the sample, and they were split up into five groups. The treatment group 1 (P1) received 6 g/day of MSG exposure + 300 mg/kg BW/day of moringa leaf extract, the treatment group 2 (P2) received 6 g/day of MSG exposure + 600 mg/kg BW/day of moringa leaf extract, and the treatment group 3 (P3) received 6 g/day of MSG exposure + 1200 mg/kg BW/day of moringa leaf extract. The control group (K-) received only standard feed. The mice were put to death after 30 days. The testes were removed for histological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the Johnsen scoring criteria were applied to their evaluation. Results: The data were not significant according to the Shapiro-Wilk test in the P3 group (MSG 6 g/day + Moringa Extract 1200 mg/kg BW/day). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there was no significant difference between the seminiferous tubules according to the treatment group (p = 0.117). Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf extract protects the histopathological picture of the testes of male mice compared to the group given monosodium glutamate.

Comparative effect of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf and Boo-Sta Plus on the body weight and haematological indices of Wister albino rats

The comparative effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera and Boo-Sta Plus on the red blood cell indices and body weight of Wistar albino rats were investigated. Fortification of food is not just trending in the human diet but also in the animal diet. Boo-Sta Plus have been employed in dietary fortification to achieve better results in meat quality, protein mass and weight gain, however, these artificial fortification causes antibiotic resistance and may have other negative health implications. Focus is now being directed on plant-based alternatives such as Moringa oliefera to curb these negative effects. Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were washed, oven dried and ground. Twenty (20) Wistar rats weighing (150-170 g) were divided into four groups containing five rats in each group (A, B, C and D). Rats in group A (control) received normal rat chow feed and water. Group B was fed 200 mg/kg body weight Moringa extract (low dose), Group C received 400 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and Group D received Boo Sta-Plus. All the experimental groups received their respective treatment in addition to feeding and water. Weekly body weight was recorded during the duration of 21 days of administration of leaf extract. At the end of 21 days of treatment, blood samples were obtained through cardiac puncture and analysed for haematological indices. The results show that Moringa oleifera leaf extract (low dose) and Boo-Sta Plus caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the RBC, Hb, PCV, whereas a high dose of the leaf extract caused a decrease in the red blood cell indices when compared with the control. The administration of extract caused weight increase at a high dose comparatively to the Boo-Sta Plus and control. It is therefore concluded that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera has positive effects on blood parameters and body weight and could serve as a substitute for Boo-Sta Plus thereby curbing the adverse health implications of artificial boosters.

Potential of plant extracts to inhibit egg hatching and migration of Haemonchus contortus larvae

Gastrointestinal parasitosis constitutes important health problems, aggravating throughout the years, due to inadequate use of drugs for its control, causing anthelmintic resistance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of Azadirachta indica (AZA) and Moringa oleifera (MOR) extracts in inhibiting egg hatching and in vitro migration of Haemonchus contortus larvae. A completely randomized design of experiment was carried out, where 15 treatments and a dimethyl sulfoxide negative control were evaluated: MOR-75, MOR-50, MOR-25, MOR-12.5, and MOR-6.25 mg/mL; AZA-75, AZA-50, AZA-25, AZA-12.5, and AZA-6.25 mg/mL; and thiabendazole (TBZ) TBZ-200, TBZ-100, TBZ-40, TBZ-20, TBZ-10 µg/mL. The extracts did not inhibit egg hatching capacity; however, we observed a motility decrease of up to 100% in L1 larvae. The extracts affected larval migration (P < 0.0020) compared with controls (dimethyl sulfoxide and TBZ), with migration rate inhibition above 65 %. Probit analysis showed that the median effective concentrations were 60.41 and 65.69 mg/mL for M. oleifera and A. indica, respectively. The in vitro results suggest that the water extract of both plants has an anthelmintic action against gastrointestinal nematode larvae.

Two spin-valve GMR thin films on half wheatstone bridge circuit for detecting green-synthesized Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles-labeled biomolecule

The availability of low-cost, rapid, and easy-to-use instruments for detecting biomolecules is critical in giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based biosensors. This research reports the performance of two spin-valve (SV) GMR thin films on half Wheatstone bridge circuits for detecting biomolecules. The SV thin films with the structure of Ta(2 nm)/Ir20Mn80(10 nm)/Co90Fe10(3 nm)/Cu(2.2 nm)/Co84Fe10B4(10 nm)/Ta(5 nm) used as sensing element was fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering on Si/SiO2 substrate. The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a label were synthesized by coprecipitation method based on the green synthesis route using Moringa oleifera (MO) extract. Furthermore, the utilization of Ag nanoparticles to form Fe3O4@Ag was also green-synthesized by the aqua-solution method using MO extract. The nanoparticles exhibited soft ferromagnetic behavior with the saturation magnetization of 55.0 emu/g for Fe3O4 and 43.4 emu/g for Fe3O4@Ag. A small amount of magnetic nanoparticles-ethanol solution was dropped onto each sensing element surface on half Wheatstone bridge. For comparison, one thin film was also investigated as a quarter Wheatstone bridge circuit. Based on this research, two sensors have faster magnetic switching and saturation than one sensor, confirmed by the left-shifting of Hs(sv) from 12.4 Oe down to 10.5 Oe for two sensors of the Fe3O4 sample. BSA is used as a biomarker to observe the performance of biosensors. The sensor on the half-bridge circuit in detecting Fe3O4@Ag/BSA achieved a better sensitivity of 0.51 mV/mg/mL than that of the quarter bridge of 0.46 mV/mg/mL. A small limit-of-detection of 0.5 mg/mL was achieved for Fe3O4@Ag/BSA. Moreover, the excellent reproducibility and stability of the sensor were confirmed by relative signal deviation ranges of 2–13 % for 60 s. Therefore, the half-bridge configuration is reliable for achieving competitive performance with green-synthesized magnetic labels in GMR as biosensors in encouraging more responsive detection.

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun composite nanofibers from Moringa oleifera biomass and metal oxide nanoparticles as potential adsorbents for the removal of lead ions

AbstractElectrospun multicomposite nanofibers synthesized from extracts of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed biomass blended with metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were investigated as potential adsorbents. The materials were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA. The specific surface area of MONPs ranged between 29.75 and 60.92 m2/g and their incorporation in the PAN/M. oleifera composite blend resulted in increased surface coarseness and larger nanofiber diameters (268 ± 21–317 ± 27 nm). The application of PAN/M. oleifera/MONPs for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution via batch adsorption experiments was investigated based on the parameters: solution pH, contact time and initial Pb(II) ion concentration. Experimental results better fitted the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption capacities ranged between 172.4 and 227.3 mg/g. These results demonstrate that low-cost indigenous materials have significance and applicability in water remediation applications.

Moringa oleifera extract ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via NF-κB and VCAM-1 pathway in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Diabetes is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, leading to various complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), which can result in vision impairment and blindness. DR involves the disruption of the blood retinal barrier (BRB) and the development of neovascularization due to high blood sugar levels. Inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules play a role in this process, with NF-κB and its down regulators, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, being key players. Moringa oleifera (MO), a plant with medicinal properties, is being investigated for its prospective effect in preventing and treating DR. This study explores the effects of Moringa oleifera extract on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats with DR. Molecular docking studies indicate that components of Moringa oleifera extract, namely Quercetin and Myrecetin, strongly bind to key targets involved in DR.To induce DR, rats were given STZ, and after 8 weeks, various factors were evaluated. The results show that MO extract significantly reduces blood glucose levels compared to the diabetes group. Additionally, the extract decreases the expression of VEGF, an angiogenic mediator, and reduces the levels of TNF-α and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), markers of inflammation, in the retinas of diabetic rats. Histopathological analyses reveal improvements in the retinal blood vessels of MO-treated animals compared to the diabetes group. The extract also reduces the overexpression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 in the retina. These findings suggest that MO may be useful in managing diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting angiogenic mediators and regulating NF-κB and VCAM-1.

Structural, thermal, techno‐functional and chemical characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas‐Chromatography‐Mass Spectrophotometry, Thermogravimetric Analyser, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectrometer of Moringa Oleifera flower powder

SummaryThe aim of this research is to characterise the physicochemical and techno‐functional properties of the Moringa oleifera flower powder, and various techniques were used in this regard, such as FTIR, GC–MS, TGA, FESEM, and EDS. The bulk and tapped density of the Moringa oleifera flower powder were found to be 0.44 ± 0.03 (g/cm3) and 0.51 ± 0.01 (g/cm3), respectively. The water absorption index and water solubility index were 10.60 ± 0.10 (g/g) and 8.70 ± 0.20 (%), respectively. The foaming capacity was found to be 15.20 ± 0.20 (%), and the foaming stability was 56.34 ± 0.10 (%). The total phenolic content of the Moringa oleifera flower extract was 15.97 ± 0.223 mg GAE/g, whereas the flavonoid content was 12.38 ± 0.321 mg QE/g. The antioxidant activity of the flower extract was measured by DPPH assay and was found to be 59.65%. The flower extract showed 11 mm and 8 mm of the zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, whereas, with antibiotic streptomycin, the zones of inhibition were found to be 20 and 18 mm, respectively. Based on the research findings, Moringa oleifera flower powder and extract can be used as food fortification, antioxidant, and antibacterial agents.

Green synthesis of TiO2 for furfural production by photohydrolysis of tortilla manufacturing waste

Corn nixtamalization generates a waste byproduct that requires diverse environmental preservation measures depending on the country. Such measures could include catalytic and advanced oxidation processes. This study aims to exploit the hemicellulose within the nejayote (32.5%) to create added value chemicals such as furfural using photocatalytic hydrolysis. In the present work, titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were greenly synthesized using Ricinus Communis (RC), Moringa Oleifera (MO) or Bougainvillea Spectabilis (BS) plant extracts. Obtained nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, XPS and UV–vis techniques. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the obtained samples was evaluated in the furfural production from nejayote. Furfural yield reached 44% in 30 min using the BS synthesized material, which is 1.6 × the yield obtained by the material synthesized with MO extract (26.4% at 45 min) and 6 × the yield obtained by the material obtained with RC (7.2% at 90 min). Such results have not been reported before in the literature and could be the groundwork for novel waste treatments in the tortilla-making industry.

Development of a simple and low-cost method using Moringa seeds for efficient virus concentration in wastewater

Effective virus concentration methods are essential for detecting pathogenic viruses in environmental waters and play a crucial role in wastewater-based epidemiology. However, the current methods are often expensive, complicated, and time-consuming, which limits their practical application. In this study, a simple and low-cost method was developed using the extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds (MO method) to recover both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), murine norovirus (MNV), Aichivirus (AiV), murine hepatitis virus (MHV), and influenza A virus subtype H1N1[H1N1] in wastewater. The optimal conditions for the MO method were determined to be a concentration of MO extract at the UV280 value of 0.308 cm−1 and an elution buffer (0.05 M KH2PO4, 1 M NaCl, 0.1 % Tween80 [v/v]) for recovering the tested viruses in wastewater. Compared to other commonly used virus concentration methods such as InnovaPrep, HA, PEG, and Centricon, the MO method was found to be more efficient and cost-effective in recovering the tested viruses. Moreover, the MO method was successfully applied to detect various types of viruses (PMMoV, AiV, norovirus of genotype II [NoV II], enterovirus [EV], influenza A virus [matrix gene] [IAV], and SARS-CoV-2) in raw wastewater. Thus, the developed MO method could offer a simple, low-cost, and efficient tool to concentrate viruses in wastewater.

Effects of Moringa oleifera Extract as an Immunomodulator of Lymphocyte Cells and Macrophages in BALB/c Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

Highlights: 1. This study assessed the immunomodulatory potential of Moringa oleifera, which may serve as a natural source forantimalarial treatment.2. Moringa oleifera extract can act as an immunomodulator due to its suppressive effect on Plasmodium berghei infection. Abstract Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. In Indonesia, this disease remains a health concern that must be resolved. Due to its high prevalence in eastern Indonesia, it is a challenge to eradicate this disease. Moringa oleifera contains various substances that are believed to have antimalarial activity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in increasing immune cells and eradicating parasites by using mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The research was conducted in vivo on BALB/c strain mice (n=40) that were already infected with Plasmodium berghei. Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations was administered orally every day to the mice, while a peripheral blood smear was performed to evaluate parasitemia levels and macrophage activation. A complete blood count was also performed after all tests on the mice were completed. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a=0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that the administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations caused varying degrees of parasitemia compared to the negative group (p<0.05). The group that received the extract at 50% concentration differed significantly from the control groups in the number of activated macrophages. The results of the complete blood count indicated immunomodulatory effects through the presence of diverse immune cell types. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf extract suppresses Plasmodium berghei infection and enhances immune cell stimulation.

Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity Studies of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves

AbstractThe present study reports the green synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by an aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and the antifungal activity assessment of CuO NPs against the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The CuO NPs showed variable fungitoxic effects against A. flavus and A. niger. At higher doses (1 mg/mL), 83.51 % of mycelial inhibition was found against A. flavus, but 43.51 % was found against A. niger. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth was found to be dose dependent. The cell viability analysis was carried out to reveal the mechanism of the fungitoxic effect of synthesized NPs and it was revealed that the CuO NPs caused oxidative stress associated with increased ROS production, leading to fungal cell death. The synthesized CuO NPs showed single phase cupric oxide with a monoclinic structure and highly uniform in size (3–5 nm). As the synthesized CuO NPs showed good stability under open atmospheric conditions and a fungitoxicity effect against A. flavus, they may be used to control fungal diseases in an eco‐friendly manner.

Reproductive record on Ethanolic Extract of Moringa Oleifera Seed on the Testes of Adult Wistar Rats

Background: All ages, racial and ethnic groups, including males from all cultural backgrounds, are vulnerable to sexual dysfunction. Although there are few publications on the importance of Moringa oleifera seeds for reproductive organs, it has been stated that they improve aphrodisiac activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed extract of Moringa oleifera on the reproductive organ of male Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen male rats (120-150g, n=4) were grouped as follows: Control, and seed extract of Moringa oleifera (100, 200 and 400mg/ kg). Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed (EEMS) was given daily for 14 days and thereafter sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Sperm variables were examined microscopically while serum was analyzed for sex hormones, and testicular tissue histopathological. Data were analyzed using Students t-test and ANOVA. Results: Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed caused a significant increase in body weight, and a decrease in sperm motility, quality, and sex hormones. These declines were dose dependent. Normal histoarchitecture was observed and spermatogenesis was enhanced. Conclusion: Ethanolic seed extract of Moringa oleifera exhibit male reproductive toxicity, as observed from its deleterious effect on andrology and sperm variables.

Changes of Blood Biochemical Parameters During Immune Deficiency Prevention with an Extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar Rats

The aim of this work was to determine the evolution of some biochemical parameters during a preventive immunostimulation assay of the total aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in rats. To do this, 48 albino rats including 24 males and 24 females divided into 12 groups of weight between 107 g and 140 g were used. The different doses of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves 200 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw, 800 mg/kg bw and 1600 mg/kg bw respectively were compared with controls subjected to distilled water and 50 mg/kg bw of levamisole for 14 days. At the end of this 14-day treatment, immunosuppression was performed by administration of 5 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally dexamethasone in all rats grouped for three days twice daily. Then a two-week observation was made to assess the behavior of some biochemical parameters after administration of dexamethasone. During the experiment five samples were taken on day 1, day 14, day 17, day 21 and day 28. These different samples allowed the determination of biochemical and nutritional parameters. These samples were used to determine urea, creatinine, transaminases (AST/ALT), PAL, LDH, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, RRC, CA, RC, IAP, triglycerides and finally nutritional parameters (albumin and total proteins).

Moringa oleifera Modulates MPTP-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Mouse Model: An in silico and in vivo Analysis

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement-affecting neurodegenerative condition with an unclear etiology. Recent research suggests targeting poly-(adenosine 5-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) as a potential therapeutic approach for PD treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonian mouse model, with a specific focus on investigating its potential to mitigate the effects of α-synuclein toxicity, oxidative stress–induced hyper-activation of PARP1, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PD pathology. Additionally, this study also intends to investigate the alterations in neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters associated with PD pathology. Materials and Methods: An in silico docking study was conducted to investigate the phytochemicals found in M. oleifera (MO, drumstick plant) leaves as the potent inhibitors of PARP1. An in vivo (neurobehavioral, biochemical, and western blot) study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective effect of MOE on the MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. Results: The results of in silico study showed that the phytochemicals found in MO leaves could be a potent inhibitor of PAPR1. The in vivo study results showed that MOE significantly ameliorated MPTP-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical deficits. MPTP-induced mitochondrial enzyme-complex deficits were found to be restored in MOE-treated mice. Additionally, the result obtained in the western blot analysis showed that MOE significantly restored the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in MPTP-intoxicated mice. MOE enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-2) and suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3). Additionally, the enhanced levels of α-synuclein and PARP1 were significantly suppressed by MOE. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MOE may possess pharmacological properties that inhibit neuronal damage in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Thus, MOE could be used as a therapeutic agent that can protect dopaminergic neurons from PARP1-induced neuronal damage.

Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Plant Extracts in Comparison with Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Against Staphylococcus aureus

The current drug resistance in human pathogens is a result of the abuse of antibacterial drugs commonly used to treat diseases. Early human civilizations used Moringa oleifera extracts to treat illnesses and infections caused by food-borne bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. In order to calculate the antibacterial effect of Moringa oleifera against Staphylococcus aureus, methanolic extracts from its three parts were prepared. A photochemical analysis of the methanolic leaves, seeds, and roots extracts was performed when the extracts were ready for testing. We used well-diffusion methods to add the three extracts, and the ciprofloxacin antibiotic was used as the standard. From the stock solution, serial dilutions were made in order to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In the phytochemical screening test, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, and flavonoids were most abundant in leaves extract, followed by seeds then roots extracts. Moringa oleifera seeds have the highest inhibition zone, which is about 10mm, followed by Moringa oleifera roots at 9mm, and Moringa oleifera leaves at 7mm. In comparison to the other two extracts, the MIC of methanolic extract from Moringa oleifera leaves was 250 mm, the highest concentration, with a MIC of 125 mm for roots and 62.50 mm for seeds. Methanolic extracts of Moringa seeds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in the present study. For further studies, it is suggested a deeper investigation to study the antibacterial agent dosages of these plant parts, which may be used by the pharmaceutical industry.

Applying Moringa oleifera Extract in Water Treatment as a Natural Coagulant to Remove Turbidity and Algae

Applying Moringa oleifera Extract in Water Treatment as a Natural Coagulant to Remove Turbidity and Algae

Effect of ethanol and aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera on bacteria isolated from wound infection

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera used for the treatment of infectious disease were tested for their active against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from burns infection culture using the broth dilution and disc diffusion method. Results of this study revealed the presence of phytochemical which were active against gram positive and negative bacteria. Ethanol extracts of plant showed highest activity other than aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extracts on the test organism was 25- 100 mg\ml, while that of the ethanol extract ranged between 25 -50 mg\ml on the test organisms, the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) ranging between 25-100 mg\ml for ethanol extract, and 25-200 mg\ml for aqueous extracts. The highest activity at 45 oC was demonstrated by the ethanol extracts of S. rosmarinus against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. In this study plant extracts against gram negative bacteria showed activity in acidic pH only in contrast of gram positive bacteria which were constant in plant extract. M. oleifera contained essential elements at higher levels. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using the ethanolic extracts of plant in treating diseases caused by the test organisms, especially when prepared at acidic pH.

Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Combination with Curcumin against PTZ-Induced Kindled Epilepsy in Rats: In Vivo and In Silico.

The ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of M. oleifera (MOEE) leaves in combination with curcumin against seizures, cognitive impairment, and oxidative stress in the molecular docking of PTZ-induced kindled rats was performed to predict the potential phytochemical effects of MOEE and curcumin against epilepsy. The effect of pretreatment with leaves of M. oleifera ethanolic extracts (MOEE) (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, orally), curcumin (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, orally), valproic acid used as a standard (100 mg/kg), and the combined effect of MOEE (250 mg/kg) and curcumin (200 mg/kg) at a low dose on Pentylenetetrazole was used for (PTZ)-induced kindling For the development of kindling, individual Wistar rats (male) were injected with pentyletetrazole (40 mg/kg, i.p.) on every alternate day. Molecular docking was performed by the Auto Dock 4.2 tool to merge the ligand orientations in the binding cavity. From the RCSB website, the crystal structure of human glutathione reductase (PDB ID: 3DK9) was obtained. Curcumin and M. oleifera ethanolic extracts (MOEE) showed dose-dependent effects. The combined effects of MOEE and curcumin leaves significantly improved the seizure score and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks compared with a standard dose of valproic acid. PTZ kindling induced significant oxidative stress and cognitive impairment, which was reversed by pretreatment with MOEE and curcumin. Glutathione reductase (GR) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the cellular control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, activating GR can uplift antioxidant properties, which leads to the inhibition of ROS-induced cell death in the brain. The combination of the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera (MOEE) leaves and curcumin has shown better results than any other combination for antiepileptic effects by virtue of antioxidant effects. As per the docking study, chlorogenic acid and quercetin treated with acombination of curcumin have much more potential.